An acetylene and a monoterpene glycoside from Adenocaulon himalaicum

The Protective Effect of Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew. and Its Bioactive Compound Neochlorogenic Acid against UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Epidermal Keratinocytes

Skin aging induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation increases expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and destroys collagen fibers, as a result accelerating wrinkle formation. Natural products have been received scientific attention as utilized agents against photoaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew. extract (AHE) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage, and to explain the underlying mechanisms in human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. AHE effectively protects skin photoaging by preventing collagen degradation through MMP-1 inhibition via the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway. AHE significantly increased the expression of skin hydration factors, such as filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, and caspase-14. To find how AHE possesses a direct impact on cellular activities, we identified neochlorogenic acid as a bioactive component of AHE for the first time. Neochlorogenic acid showed the anti-photoaging effect through ameliorating UVB-induced collagen degradation, reinforcing the skin barrier. Like the AHE-regulating mechanism, neochlorogenic acid modulates the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway and skin hydration factors. Taken together, these results suggest that AHE and neochlorogenic acid are well-qualified candidate for enhancing the conditions of photoaged skin.

Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Santolina chamaecyparissus and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

Santolina chamaecyparissus is an aromatic evergreen herb growing in North Africa and near the Mediterranean coasts of Southern Europe. Literature data focused mainly on the investigation of the essential oil content of the aerial parts of S. chamaecyparissus, but few is known on the chemical composition of its polar extract. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the antioxidant activity of the n-butanol and chloroform fractions of S. chamaecyparissus was tested by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) assays. Difference of the phenolic content and of the antioxidant activity between the two extracts prompted us to investigate their chemical composition. Five compounds, eupatilin (1), circimaritin (2), 4’-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (3), 1,3-propanediol,2-amino 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) (4) and luteolin (5) have been isolated from the chloroform extract, while the investigation of butanolic extract led to the isolation of seven compounds, prunasin (6), luteolin 7- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), syringoside (8), junipeionoloside (9), citroside A (10), lonicerin (11) and apigenin 7- O-β-D-neohesperidoside (12). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D- (1H, 13C and TOCSY) and 2D-NMR (DQF-COSY, HSQC, HMBC) experiments as well as ESIMS analysis.

Ferulic Acid and Naturally Occurring Compounds Bearing a Feruloyl Moiety: A Review on Their Structures, Occurrence, and Potential Health Benefits

The ubiquitous compound 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, also known as ferulic acid (FA), constitutes a bioactive ingredient of many foods that may offer beneficial effects against disorders related to oxidative stress, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the antioxidant properties of FA, establishing relationships to several biological activities already described for this natural product. Next, 387 naturally occurring compounds, all isolated from plants and published between 1990 and 2015, the structures of which bear 1 or more feruloyl moieties, are covered in this review along with their structural formulas, botanical sources, and bioactivities. The compounds' distribution, structural patterns, bioactivities, and perspectives on food research are also succinctly discussed.

Bifunctional chemopreventive effects of Adenocaulon himalaicum through induction of detoxification enzymes and apoptosis

Phase II detoxification enzymes are known to play essential roles in the detoxification and elimination of activated carcinogens during tumor initiation, while apoptosis is one of the most important chemopreventive targets for inhibiting tumor promotion in cancer. In this study, we investigated the cancer chemopreventive activity of two plant extracts, the ethanolic extract of Adenocaulon himalaicum (AHE) and the butanolic fraction of AHE (AHB). Both, the AHE and AHB induced NQO1 activity and had relatively high chemoprevention indices (CI=12.4). The AHE and AHB were associated with increased NQO1 and HO-1 mRNA levels via Nrf2-ARE pathway activation. In addition, the AHB increased CYP1A1 activity through AhR-XRE pathway activation. We also found that the AHE and AHB induced apoptosis, as evidenced by phosphatidylserine externalization, an increase in the sub-G0/G1 content, chromatin condensation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and p53 induction. These data suggest that AHE and AHB act as bifunctional inducers and that their chemopreventive effects result from the biphasic induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and apoptosis. Therefore, these results suggest that A. himalaicum plant extracts have potential for use as chemopreventive agents for the prevention and/or treatment of human cancers.

A new tricyclic-α,β-unsaturate ketone and a newδ-hexano lactone glycoside fromAdenocaulon himalaicum

Two new compounds, a tricyclic-alpha,beta-unsaturate ketone (adenocaulone) (1) and a delta-hexanolactone glycoside (adenocaulolide) (2), along with 10 known compounds 3-12 were isolated from Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, 1H, 13C and 2D NMR). In addition, the antibacterial activity of compounds 2, 3 and 4 were tested.

Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 7. Biologically active hemi- and monoterpenoid glycosides

This review article presents 90 hemi- and 188 monoterpenoid glycosides, isolated and identified from plants and microorganisms, that demonstrate different biological activities. These natural bioactive glycosides are good prospects for future chemical preparations from these compounds as antioxidants and as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antibacterial agents. These glycosidic compounds have been subdivided into several groups, including hemiterpenoids; acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids; and iridoid monoterpenoids.