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Kvopka M, Chan W, Baranage D, Sia D. Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:450. [PMID: 37950172 PMCID: PMC10638747 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection is a potentially devastating complication of anti-VEGF injections. Post-injection endophthalmitis due to Enterococcus faecalis is rare, and no previous case of Morganella morganii endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection has been reported. CASE PRESENTATION We present the first reported case of Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection in an immunocompetent patient in the absence of recent ocular surgery. Our patient presented with hand movement visual acuity one day after anti-VEGF injection and demonstrated no clinical improvement despite repeated intravitreal ceftazidime and vancomycin injections. A decision was made to proceed with early vitrectomy given failure of intravitreal antibiotics. Visual acuity improved to 6/90 at 12 weeks after vitrectomy without any evidence of disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Post-injection endophthalmitis due to concurrent Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis infections can have visually devastating consequences despite repeated empirical and targeted intravitreal antibiotics. Lack of clinical improvement following intravitreal antibiotics should warrant consideration of early vitrectomy. Our experience is a pertinent reminder of the ever-growing threat of uncommon and multi-resistant bacteria that must be considered when treating infections such as post-injection endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvopka
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, 5000, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - WengOnn Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, 5000, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duleepa Baranage
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, 5000, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Sia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, 5000, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Agrawal KU, Limaye Joshi K, Gad M. A Rare Case of Fulminant Acute Postoperative Morganella morganii Endophthalmitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:123-126. [PMID: 34802374 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1993269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors present a case of a 60-year-old Indian female presented with sudden loss of vision in the right eye three days after an uneventful cataract surgery which revealed a rare organism and which was treated successfully. METHODS She was diagnosed with acute postoperative endophthalmitis with fulminant disease and on further work up, culture showed Morganella morganii (gram negative bacilli). RESULTS She was successfully treated with intravitreal imipenem, dexamethasone and vitrectomy. A review of literature was conducted to identify and discuss additional reports on similar cases. As per PubMed search with keywords "Morganella morganii endophthalmitis" this is the best achieved visual outcome to date in a case of acute post-operative Morganella morganii endophthalmitis. CONCLUSION Intravitreal imipenem can be considered to treat Morganella morganii endophthalmitis. Aggressive treatment in these patients can help in improving visual outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maikel Gad
- Biochemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
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Wang CT, Chang YH, Chen KJ, Chou HD. Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis caused by Morganella morganii: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35303817 PMCID: PMC8932139 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis is a rare and serious complication following vitreoretinal surgeries. Morganella morganii, an emerging gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod, is related to severe nosocomial infections in various organs and thus has gained importance in recent decades. Morganella morganii infection following intraocular surgery is rarely reported.
Case presentation We report an immunocompetent patient with Morganella morganii-related endophthalmitis after vitrectomy for retinal detachment who presented with hand motion visual acuity, hypopyon and a unique retrolental exudative membrane. Initially, the patient was unresponsive to empirical intravitreal ceftazidime and vancomycin but recovered with vision preservation (20/63) after surgical removal of the membrane and silicone oil tamponade. Conclusions Morganella morganii intraocular infection is often devastating, likely due to its high multidrug-resistance rate via intrinsic ß-lactamase production, multiple acquired traits related to additional genetic mechanisms, and fimbrial adhesion, urease production, and type III secretion system-associated biofilm formation. The above characteristics of M. morganii may lead to an inadequate response to empirical intravitreal antibiotics, and early surgical intervention should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsi Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, No. 5, Fuxing St., Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, No. 5, Fuxing St., Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Da Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, No. 5, Fuxing St., Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Liu H, Zhu J, Hu Q, Rao X. Morganella morganii, a non-negligent opportunistic pathogen. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 50:10-7. [PMID: 27421818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Morganella morganii belongs to the tribe Proteeae of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This species is considered as an unusual opportunistic pathogen that mainly causes post-operative wound and urinary tract infections. However, certain clinical M. morganii isolates present resistance to multiple antibiotics by carrying various resistant genes (such as blaNDM-1, and qnrD1), thereby posing a serious challenge for clinical infection control. Moreover, virulence evolution makes M. morganii an important pathogen. Accumulated data have demonstrated that M. morganii can cause various infections, such as sepsis, abscess, purple urine bag syndrome, chorioamnionitis, and cellulitis. This bacterium often results in a high mortality rate in patients with some infections. M. morganii is considered as a non-negligent opportunistic pathogen because of the increased levels of resistance and virulence. In this review, we summarized the epidemiology of M. morganii, particularly on its resistance profile and resistant genes, as well as the disease spectrum and risk factors for its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Di Ianni F, Dodi PL, Cabassi CS, Pelizzone I, Sala A, Cavirani S, Parmigiani E, Quintavalla F, Taddei S. Conjunctival flora of clinically normal and diseased turtles and tortoises. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:91. [PMID: 25889261 PMCID: PMC4397695 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In captive breed turtles and tortoises conjunctival disease is common. Our aim was to investigate the bacterial and fungal flora present in the eyes of healthy and pathological chelonians and to compare findings in turtles with those in tortoises. RESULTS Samples were taken from the conjunctival sacs of 34, diseased and healthy, chelonians (18 tortoises and 16 turtles) and submitted to bacterial and fungal investigation. All samples showed bacterial growth. Thirteen animals (38%), harboured a single bacterial species as sole isolate and twenty-one animals (62%) harboured more than one species. Detection of multiple bacterial infection was clearly greater in tortoises compared to turtles. Most frequently isolated bacterial species were Bacillus spp. (13 isolates), Staphylococcus xylosus (10 isolates), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (6 isolates), Staphylococcus sciuri and Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae (each 5 isolates), Ochrobactrum anthropi (3 isolates), Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas luteola (each 2 isolates). Only one isolate of Kocuria varians/rosea, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Morganella morganii, Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was evidenced. The presence in 8 animals of Mycoplasma spp. and in 1 animal with severe conjunctivitis of Chlamydia spp. was detected by PCR. Candida spp. was also isolated from two healthy animals. CONCLUSIONS A clear predominance of Gram positive isolates in tortoises and Gram negative isolates in turtles was found. However, we cannot ascribe the observed difference to the diversity of animal species, as other factors, including especially different characteristics of the living environments, may play a role. Almost all bacterial species isolated may have clinical significance, mostly as opportunistic pathogens, both for humans and animals. That chelonians are often carrier of bacteria with zoonotic potential is a well-known fact, in particular with regard to Salmonella spp. Therefore, it is not surprising the detection of a strain of Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae in the eye of one of the animals tested. Worthy of note is the finding of Chlamydia spp. in a severe case of conjunctivitis, though we cannot epidemiologically assess a cause-effect relationship between presence of chlamydia and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Ianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Pier Luigi Dodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Clotilde Silvia Cabassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Igor Pelizzone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Enrico Parmigiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Fausto Quintavalla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Simone Taddei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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Nagpal M, Wartikar S. Vitrectomy: when things go wrong. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2.4.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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