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Vega-Bello MJ, Moreno ML, Estellés-Leal R, Hernández-Andreu JM, Prieto-Ruiz JA. Usnea aurantiaco-atra (Jacq) Bory: Metabolites and Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7317. [PMID: 37959736 PMCID: PMC10649588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are complex symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. Due to their great adaptability to the environment, they have managed to colonize many terrestrial habitats, presenting a worldwide distribution from the poles to the tropical regions and from the plains to the highest mountains. In the flora of the Antarctic region, lichens stand out due to their variety and development and are a potential source of new bioactive compounds. METHODS A phytochemical study of the Antarctic lichen Usnea aurantiaco-atra (Jacq) Bory was conducted with the intention of determining the most important metabolites. In addition, the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of its extracts were determined. RESULTS Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the hexane extract contains usnic acid as a majority metabolite, in addition to linoleic acid, ergosterols and terpenes, and demonstrates cytotoxic activity against an A375 melanoma cell line. On the other hand, the presence of total phenols in the extracts did not influence their antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS U. aurantiaco-atra contains mainly usnic acid, although there are terpenes and ergosta compounds that could be responsible for its cytotoxic activity. The presence of phenols did not confer antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Vega-Bello
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Rossana Estellés-Leal
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
| | - José Miguel Hernández-Andreu
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
- Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine Research Group, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Prieto-Ruiz
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
- Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine Research Group, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Barták M, Hájek J, Halıcı MG, Bednaříková M, Casanova-Katny A, Váczi P, Puhovkin A, Mishra KB, Giordano D. Resistance of Primary Photosynthesis to Photoinhibition in Antarctic Lichen Xanthoria elegans: Photoprotective Mechanisms Activated during a Short Period of High Light Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2259. [PMID: 37375884 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic lichen, Xanthoria elegans, in its hydrated state has several physiological mechanisms to cope with high light effects on the photosynthetic processes of its photobionts. We aim to investigate the changes in primary photochemical processes of photosystem II in response to a short-term photoinhibitory treatment. Several chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques: (1) slow Kautsky kinetics supplemented with quenching mechanism analysis; (2) light response curves of photosynthetic electron transport (ETR); and (3) response curves of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were used in order to evaluate the phenomenon of photoinhibition of photosynthesis and its consequent recovery. Our findings suggest that X. elegans copes well with short-term high light (HL) stress due to effective photoprotective mechanisms that are activated during the photoinhibitory treatment. The investigations of quenching mechanisms revealed that photoinhibitory quenching (qIt) was a major non-photochemical quenching in HL-treated X. elegans; qIt relaxed rapidly and returned to pre-photoinhibition levels after a 120 min recovery. We conclude that the Antarctic lichen species X. elegans exhibits a high degree of photoinhibition resistance and effective non-photochemical quenching mechanisms. This photoprotective mechanism may help it survive even repeated periods of high light during the early austral summer season, when lichens are moist and physiologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Barták
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hájek
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı
- Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü (Department of Biology), Erciyes Üniversitesi (Erciyes University), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Michaela Bednaříková
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Angelica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology and Climate Change, Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Campus San Juan Pablo II, Temuco 481 1123, Chile
| | - Peter Váczi
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Puhovkin
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, T. Shevchenko blvrd. 16, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Reproductive System Cryobiology, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska Str. 23, 61016 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kumud Bandhu Mishra
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Davide Giordano
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Stanton DE, Ormond A, Koch NM, Colesie C. Lichen ecophysiology in a changing climate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16131. [PMID: 36795943 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are one of the most iconic and ubiquitous symbioses known, widely valued as indicators of environmental quality and, more recently, climate change. Our understanding of lichen responses to climate has greatly expanded in recent decades, but some biases and constraints have shaped our present knowledge. In this review we focus on lichen ecophysiology as a key to predicting responses to present and future climates, highlighting recent advances and remaining challenges. Lichen ecophysiology is best understood through complementary whole-thallus and within-thallus scales. Water content and form (vapor or liquid) are central to whole-thallus perspectives, making vapor pressure differential (VPD) a particularly informative environmental driver. Responses to water content are further modulated by photobiont physiology and whole-thallus phenotype, providing clear links to a functional trait framework. However, this thallus-level perspective is incomplete without also considering within-thallus dynamics, such as changing proportions or even identities of symbionts in response to climate, nutrients, and other stressors. These changes provide pathways for acclimation, but their understanding is currently limited by large gaps in our understanding of carbon allocation and symbiont turnover in lichens. Lastly, the study of lichen physiology has mainly prioritized larger lichens at high latitudes, producing valuable insights but underrepresenting the range of lichenized lineages and ecologies. Key areas for future work include improving geographic and phylogenetic coverage, greater emphasis on VPD as a climatic factor, advances in the study of carbon allocation and symbiont turnover, and the incorporation of physiological theory and functional traits in our predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Stanton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Amaris Ormond
- Global Change Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH3 9FF, UK
| | - Natalia M Koch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Claudia Colesie
- Global Change Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH3 9FF, UK
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Orekhova A, Barták M, Casanova-Katny A, Hájek J. Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of samples from the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:653-663. [PMID: 33866664 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific differences in sensitivity of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata from King George Island (KGI) and James Ross Island (JRI) to photoinhibitory treatment were studied in laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Slow (Kautsky) and fast (OJIP) kinetics were used for the measurements. Samples were exposed to a short-term (60 min) photoinhibitory treatment (PIT, 2000 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PAR). The photoinhibitory treatment (PIT) led to photoinhibition which was indicated by the decrease in FV /FM and ΦPSII in KGI but not in JRI samples. However, this decrease was small and full recovery was reached 90 min after PIT termination. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was activated during the PIT, and rapidly relaxed during recovery. Early stages of photoinhibition showed a drop in FV /FM and ΦPSII to minimum values within the first 10 s of the PIT, with their subsequent increase apparent within fast (0-5 min PIT) and slow (5-50 min PIT) phases of adjustment. The PIT caused a decrease in the performance index (Pi_Abs), photosynthetic electron transport per reaction centre (RC) (ET0 /RC). The PIT induced an increase in thermal dissipation per RC (DI0 /RC), effectivity of thermal dissipation (Phi_D0 ), absorption per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping rate per RC (TR0 /RC). In conclusion, PIT led to only slight photoinhibition followed by fast recovery in S. uncinata from KGI and JRI, since FV /FM and ΦPSII returned to pre-photoinhibitory conditions. Therefore, S. uncinata might be considered resistant to photoinhibition even in the wet state. The KGI samples showed higher resistance to photoinhibition than the JRI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University Temuco, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Shelyakin MA, Andreev MP, Tabalenkova GN, Golovko TK. Respiratory Activity of Some Lichen Species–Representatives of Antarctic Flora. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425519040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Esteban S, Moreno-Merino L, Matellanes R, Catalá M, Gorga M, Petrovic M, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Silva A, Durán JJ, López-Martínez J, Valcárcel Y. Presence of endocrine disruptors in freshwater in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:179-92. [PMID: 26882535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing human presence in Antarctica and the waste it generates is causing an impact on the environment at local and border scale. The main sources of anthropic pollution have a mainly local effect, and include the burning of fossil fuels, waste incineration, accidental spillage and wastewater effluents, even when treated. The aim of this work is to determine the presence and origin of 30 substances of anthropogenic origin considered to be, or suspected of being, endocrine disruptors in the continental waters of the Antarctic Peninsula region. We also studied a group of toxic metals, metalloids and other elements with possible endocrine activity. Ten water samples were analyzed from a wide range of sources, including streams, ponds, glacier drain, and an urban wastewater discharge into the sea. Surprisingly, the concentrations detected are generally similar to those found in other studies on continental waters in other parts of the world. The highest concentrations of micropollutants found correspond to the group of organophosphate flame retardants (19.60-9209ngL(-1)) and alkylphenols (1.14-7225ngL(-1)); and among toxic elements the presence of aluminum (a possible hormonal modifier) (1.7-127µgL(-1)) is significant. The concentrations detected are very low and insufficient to cause acute or subacute toxicity in aquatic organisms. However, little is known as yet of the potential sublethal and chronic effects of this type of pollutants and their capacity for bioaccumulation. These results point to the need for an ongoing system of environmental monitoring of these substances in Antarctic continental waters, and the advisability of regulating at least the most environmentally hazardous of these in the Antarctic legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esteban
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain.
| | - L Moreno-Merino
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), C/ Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Matellanes
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain
| | - M Catalá
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain; Biology and Geology Department, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda Tulipán s/n, Mostoles, (Madrid), Spain
| | - M Gorga
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Silva
- National Institute of Water, Empalme J. Newbery km 1,620, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Durán
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), C/ Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - J López-Martínez
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Inmunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciencies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain.
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Monteiro Estvāo DM. Production of UV-B screens and changes in photosynthetic efficiency in Antarctic Nostoc commune colonies and a lichen Xanthoria elegans depend on a dose and duration of UV-B stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5817/cpr2015-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The survival of non-vascular autotrophs in the extreme polar conditions and the principles of their high tolerance to extreme physical factors have been intriguing scientists in last decades. Therefore, this study focuses on the capacity of production of UV-B screening pigments in two model Antarctic species, one algal lichen, and colony of a cyanobacterium. Dose-dependent activation of protective mechanisms of Antarctic cyanobacterium (Nostoc commune) and algal lichen (Xanthoria elegans), synthesis of UV-B screening compounds in particular, were studied together with the changes in photosynthetic efficiency induced by a background photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) supplemented with UV-B radiation. The samples were exposed to different doses of UV-B (280–320 nm), low (0.7 W m-2), medium (1.5 W m-2) and high (3.0 W m-2) for 5 days. Untreated samples (control) were shielded from UV-B radiation during experiment. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and secondary UV-B protective metabolites were analysed in the intervals of 24 h, 48 h and 120 h. Amount of UV-B screening pigments was measured spectrophotometrically using several specific wavelengths in UV-B absorption range. Results showed that if exposed to a low dose of UV-B radiation or a short-term treatment, both species exhibited an increase in UV-B screening pigments to protect the lichen photobiont against UV-B damage. However, if exposed to a high dose of UV-B radiation or a long-term treatment, a decrease of UV-B screening compounds occured. This implies that Antarctic lichen and cyanobacterium can protect themselves against an increase of stress factors ranging within physiological limits, like e.g. increased synthesis of UV-B screening compounds thanks to a thinning of the ozone layer and consequent increase in UV radiation doses incident on Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, the likely increased UV-B radiation due to more intense depletion of stratospheric ozone layer may lead to alterations in UV-B tolerance in Antarctic lichens in future.
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Conti S, Hazdrová J, Hájek J, Očenášová P, Barták M, Skácelová K, Adamo P. Comparative analysis of heterogeneity of primary photosynthe-tic processes within fruticose lichen thalli: Preliminary study of interspecific differences ( Short Communication ). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5817/cpr2014-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two species of fruticose lichens from different habitats and of distinct color, Usnea antarctica and Stereocaulon vesuvianum, were compared using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in order to study the distribution of primary photosynthetic processes within the thalli. The thallus of U. antarctica is yellow with black tips: in this species chlorophyll containing cells were mostly located in the middle region of the thallus and the highest PS II efficiency was detected in the middle to basal region, as shown by the FV/FM and ΦPSII values. No chlorophyll fluorescence was detected in the apical part of the thallus, indicating that little or no photosynthesis takes place in these tissues. The lichen S. vesuvianum is homogeneously pale grayish green and chlorophyll containing cells are distributed along the thallus with maximum concentration in the middle region. In S. vesuvianum, the highest PS II efficiency was detected in the apical to middle region of the thallus, while the basal portion was found to have the lowest efficiency of primary photochemical reactions. Quenching analysis data confirmed the uneven patterns of primary photosynthetic processes within the thalli of these fruticose lichens.
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Barták M, Hájek J, Očenášová P. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Antarctic lichen Usnea antarctica. I. Light intensity- and light duration-dependent changes in functioning of photosystem II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5817/cpr2012-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The paper deals with the differences in sensitivity of Antarctic lichen to photoinhibition. Thalli of Usnea antarctica were collected at the James Ross Island, Antarctica (57°52´57´´W, 63°48´02´´S) and transferred in dry state to the Czech Republic. After rewetting in a laboratory, they were exposed to 2 high light treatments: short-term (30 min), and long-term (6 h). In short-term treatment, the sample were exposed to 1000 and 2000 µmol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In long-term experiment, PAR of 300, 600, and 1000 µmol m-2 s-1 were used. Photosynthetic efficiency of U. antarctica thalli was monitored by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, potential (FV/FM) and actual (FPSII) quantum yield of photochemical processes in photosystem II in particular. In short-term treatments, the F0, FV and FM signals, as well as the values of FV/FM, and FPSII showed light-induced decrease, however substantial recovery after consequent 30 min. in dark. Longer exposition (60 min) to high light led to more pronounced decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence than after 30 min treatment, however dark recovery was faster in the thalli treated before for longer time (60 min). Long-term treatment by high light caused gradual decrease in FV/FM and FPSII with the time of exposition. The extent of the decrease was found light dose-dependent. The time course was biphasic for FV/FM but not for FPSII. The study showed that wet thalli of Usnea antarctica had high capacity of photoprotective mechanisms to cope well either with short- or long-term high light stress. This might be of particular importance in the field at the James Ross Island, particularly at the begining of growing season when melting water is available and, simultaneously, high light stress may happen on fully sunny days.
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Mitrović T, Stamenković S, Cvetković V, Tošić S, Stanković M, Radojević I, Stefanović O, Čomić L, Đačić D, Ćurčić M, Marković S. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of five lichen species. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5428-48. [PMID: 21954369 PMCID: PMC3179176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12085428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidative, antimicrobial and antiproliferative potentials of the methanol extracts of the lichen species Parmelia sulcata, Flavoparmelia caperata, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes and Cladonia foliacea were evaluated. The total phenolic content of the tested extracts varied from 78.12 to 141.59 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GA)/g of extract and the total flavonoid content from 20.14 to 44.43 mg of rutin equivalent (Ru)/g of extract. The antioxidant capacities of the lichen extracts were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging. Hypogymnia physodes with the highest phenolic content showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging effect. Further, the antimicrobial potential of the lichen extracts was determined by a microdilution method on 29 microorganisms, including 15 strains of bacteria, 10 species of filamentous fungi and 4 yeast species. A high antimicrobial activity of all the tested extracts was observed with more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of Gram (+) bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activity among lichens was demonstrated by Hypogymnia physodes and Cladonia foliacea. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of the lichen extracts was explored on the colon cancer adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-116 by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) viability assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. The methanol extracts of Hypogymnia physodes and Cladonia foliacea showed a better cytotoxic activity than the other extracts. All lichen species showed the ability to induce apoptosis of HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Mitrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 33, Višegradska, 18000 Niš, Serbia; E-Mails: (S.S.); (V.C); (S.T.)
| | - Slaviša Stamenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 33, Višegradska, 18000 Niš, Serbia; E-Mails: (S.S.); (V.C); (S.T.)
| | - Vladimir Cvetković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 33, Višegradska, 18000 Niš, Serbia; E-Mails: (S.S.); (V.C); (S.T.)
| | - Svetlana Tošić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 33, Višegradska, 18000 Niš, Serbia; E-Mails: (S.S.); (V.C); (S.T.)
| | - Milan Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12, Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.R.); (O.S.); (L.Č.); (D.Đ.); (M.Ć.); (S.M.)
| | - Ivana Radojević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12, Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.R.); (O.S.); (L.Č.); (D.Đ.); (M.Ć.); (S.M.)
| | - Olgica Stefanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12, Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.R.); (O.S.); (L.Č.); (D.Đ.); (M.Ć.); (S.M.)
| | - Ljiljana Čomić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12, Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.R.); (O.S.); (L.Č.); (D.Đ.); (M.Ć.); (S.M.)
| | - Dragana Đačić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12, Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.R.); (O.S.); (L.Č.); (D.Đ.); (M.Ć.); (S.M.)
| | - Milena Ćurčić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12, Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.R.); (O.S.); (L.Č.); (D.Đ.); (M.Ć.); (S.M.)
| | - Snežana Marković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12, Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; E-Mails: (M.S.); (I.R.); (O.S.); (L.Č.); (D.Đ.); (M.Ć.); (S.M.)
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11
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Kosanić M, Ranković B, Vukojević J. Antioxidant properties of some lichen species. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2010; 48:584-90. [PMID: 23572791 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity of the acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Hypogymnia physodes, Lasallia pustulata, Parmelia caperata and Parmelia sulcata has been screened in vitro by using different methods (DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds and determination of total flavonoid content). Of the lichens tested, Lasallia pustulata had powerful antioxidant activities. Acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of this lichen showed 90.93, 69.87 and 65.08% DPPH radical scavenging activities. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and α-tocopherol. In addition, total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidative activities of tested extracts suggest that these compounds play important role in antioxidant activity. The present stady shows that tested lichen species demonstrated a strong antioxidant activity and can be considered as good sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Kosanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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12
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Busch F, Hüner NPA, Ensminger I. Biochemical constrains limit the potential of the photochemical reflectance index as a predictor of effective quantum efficiency of photosynthesis during the winter spring transition in Jack pine seedlings. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2009; 36:1016-1026. [PMID: 32688713 DOI: 10.1071/fp08043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf reflectance spectral measurements are an emerging non-invasive technique that can be used to derive the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to assess the physiological state of plants from leaf to ecosystem level. Changes in PRI are associated with changes in the xanthophyll cycle activity and provide an estimate of changes in the effective photochemical quantum efficiency (ΦII) during the growing season. However, we hypothesised that the correlation between PRI and ΦII might be poor when the xanthophyll cycle is primed for sustained thermal dissipation of the light energy absorbed. To test our hypothesis, we studied the recovery of winter acclimated Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings that were exposed to different simulated spring recovery treatments in controlled environments. Different growth temperatures and light intensities were used to dissect the effect of these two factors on chlorophyll fluorescence, pigment composition and leaf reflectance. ΦII showed a clear response to temperature whereas PRI was mostly affected by light intensity. In contrast, the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments was both temperature and light dependent. Our data suggest that zeaxanthin-independent non-photochemical quenching is employed to various degrees in the different treatments. As a result, within the limits of our experimental setup, PRI could not explain the variation in ΦII. This indicates that an improved understanding of the different energy quenching mechanisms is critical to accurately interpret the PRI signal under environmental conditions where the predominant mode of excess energy dissipation does not involve a dynamic operation of the xanthophyll cycle, but a sustained mechanism of energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Busch
- Department of Biology and The BIOTRON, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The BIOTRON, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology and The BIOTRON, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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13
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Barták M, Váczi P, Hájek J, Smykla J. Low-temperature limitation of primary photosynthetic processes in Antarctic lichens Umbilicaria antarctica and Xanthoria elegans. Polar Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-007-0331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Mohammadian MA, Watling JR, Hill RS. The impact of epicuticular wax on gas-exchange and photoinhibition in Leucadendron lanigerum (Proteaceae). ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Barták M, Solhaug KA, Vráblíková H, Gauslaa Y. Curling during desiccation protects the foliose lichen Lobaria pulmonaria against photoinhibition. Oecologia 2006; 149:553-60. [PMID: 16804701 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-006-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the photoprotective potential of desiccation-induced curling in the light-susceptible old forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria by using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Naturally curled thalli showed less photoinhibition-induced limitations in primary processes of photosynthesis than artificially flattened specimens during exposures to 450 micromol m-2 s-1 in the laboratory after both 12- (medium dose treatment) and 62-h duration (high dose treatment). Thallus areas shaded by curled lobes during light exposure showed unchanged values of measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM, PhiPS II), whereas non-shaded parts of curled thalli, as well as the mean for the entire flattened thalli, showed photoinhibitory limitation after light treatments. Furthermore, the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging showed that the typical small-scale reticulated ridges on the upper side of L. pulmonaria caused a spatial, small-scale reduction in damage due to minor shading. Severe dry-state photoinhibition readily occurred in flattened and light-treated L. pulmonaria, although the mechanisms for such damage in a desiccated and inactive stage are not well known. Natural curling is one strategy to reduce the chance for serious photoinhibition in desiccated L. pulmonaria thalli during high light exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Barták
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Vráblíková H, McEvoy M, Solhaug KA, Barták M, Gauslaa Y. Annual variation in photo acclimation and photoprotection of the photobiont in the foliose lichen Xanthoria parietina. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 83:151-62. [PMID: 16481192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variation in maximal photochemical quantum yield (F(V)/F(M)) of photosystem II (PS II), light adapted quantum yield (Phi(II)) of PS II, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), contents of chlorophylls, and xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) was studied in Xanthoria parietina repeatedly sampled in one location in S Norway during one year. The seasonal course in the susceptibility to photoinhibition was evaluated as high light-induced changes (1,800 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) for 24h) in F(V)/F(M), Phi(II), and NPQ, measured as the ability to recover after 2 and 20 h at low light in control thalli with a natural cortical parietin screen, and in thalli from which parietin had been removed prior to high light exposures. F(V)/F(M), Phi(II), chlorophyll content, and the conversion state of VAZ (DEPS) reached minimum in spring. At the same time, yearly maxima of VAZ content and NPQ were recorded. Thereafter, F(V)/F(M), Phi(II), and chlorophyll content increased gradually, reaching maximum values in late autumn. DEPS peaked already in summer. Similarly, VAZ and NPQ decreased from early summer until winter. All data show that the X. parietina photobiont acclimates to seasonal changes in solar radiation, consistent with the lichen's preference for well-lit habitats. However, a comparison with a study of seasonal acclimation in the X. parietina mycobiont shows that in order to understand the seasonal photobiont acclimation, one has to consider the seasonal variation in internal screening caused by the fungal regulation of the PAR-absorbing parietin. A joint effort of both bionts seems to be required to avoid serious photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Vráblíková
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (Urbygningen), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 As, Norway.
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Vráblíková H, Barták M, Wonisch A. Changes in glutathione and xanthophyll cycle pigments in the high light-stressed lichens Umbilicaria antarctica and Lasallia pustulata. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 79:35-41. [PMID: 15792877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 11/27/2004] [Accepted: 11/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrated thalli of two lichen species--Umbilicaria antarctica and Lasallia pustulata--were exposed to high light (1800 micromol m-2s-1) for 30 min. High light exposure led to a decrease of total glutathione in both species, while de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments and non-photochemical quenching increased. In the subsequent recovery, the values of de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments decreased towards initial values. Glutathione (GSH) was resynthetised slowly. In conclusion, zeaxanthin-related protection is probably more involved than GSH-related protection in short-term response to high light stress in U. antarctica and L. pustulata. Faster recovery from photoinhibition in L. pustulata than U. antarctica is mainly due to faster conversion of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin and larger GSH pool of former species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Vráblíková
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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