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Dai L, He S, Zhang B, Wang H, Wang Y, Liang D. Foegraecumoside O and P, a Pair of Triterpenoid Saponins with a 4/5/6 Fused Tricyclic Oleanane Carbon Skeleton from Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance. Molecules 2023; 28:5061. [PMID: 37446727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance (Primulaceae) is a medicinal plant used for cold, pain, ascariasis, etc., in China. Triterpenoid saponins have been found to be the main components of this genus. In this work, a pair of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins with an unprecedented 4/5/6 fused tricyclic skeleton, foegraecumoside O (1) and foegraecumoside P (2) were isolated from the butanol fraction of the aerial parts of L. foenum-graecum. Their structures were determined using chemical methods and extensive spectroscopic analyses, along with quantum chemical calculations. Compound 2 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2, MGC-803, T24, NCI-H460, A549, and A549/CDDP (drug-resistant lung-cancer cell line) with IC50 at 12.4-19.2 μM in an MTT assay, comparing with the positive control doxorubicin, which had IC50 at 0.53-4.92 μM, but was inactive for A549/CDDP. Furthermore, a possible biosynthetic pathway for forming compounds 1 and 2 was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hengshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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2
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Choi HE, Kwak HJ, Kim SK, Cheon HG. Foenumoside B isolated from Lysimachia foenum-graecum extract suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory response via NF-κB/AP-1 inactivation in murine macrophages and in endotoxin-induced shock model. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 832:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Dai LM, Huang RZ, Zhang B, Hua J, Wang HS, Liang D. Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia foenum-graecum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 136:165-174. [PMID: 28173950 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eleven oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, foegraecumosides A-K, and eight known ones, were isolated from the aerial parts of Lysimachia foenum-graecum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses and chemical methods. All isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines (NCI-H460, MGC-803, HepG2, and T24). Seven saponins containing the aglycone cyclamiretin A exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against all tested human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 9.3-24.5 μM. Simultaneously, the cytotoxic activities of foegraecumosides A and B, lysichriside A, ardisiacrispins A and B, cyclaminorin, and 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-cyclamiretin A were tested on drug-resistant lung cancer cell lines (A549 and A549/CDDP, respectively). Ardisiacrispin B displayed moderate cytotoxicity against A549/CDDP, with an IC50 value of 8.7 μM and a resistant factor (RF) of 0.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Mei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Kwak HJ, Choi HE, Jang J, Park SK, Cho BH, Kim SK, Lee S, Kang NS, Cheon HG. Suppression of Adipocyte Differentiation by Foenumoside B from Lysimachia foenum-graecum Is Mediated by PPARγ Antagonism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155432. [PMID: 27176632 PMCID: PMC4866755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysimachia foenum-graecum extract (LFE) and its active component foenumoside B (FSB) have been shown to inhibit adipocyte differentiation, but their mechanisms were poorly defined. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for their anti-adipogenic effects. Both LFE and FSB inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, accompanied by reductions in the expressions of the lipogenic genes aP2, CD36, and FAS. Moreover, LFE and FSB inhibited PPARγ transactivation activity with IC50s of 22.5 μg/ml and 7.63 μg/ml, respectively, and showed selectivity against PPARα and PPARδ. Rosiglitazone-induced interaction between PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and coactivator SRC-1 was blocked by LFE or FSB, whereas reduced NCoR-1 binding to PPARγ by rosiglitazone was reversed in the presence of LFE or FSB. In vivo administration of LFE into either ob/ob mice or KKAy mice reduced body weights, and levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα in fat tissues. Furthermore, insulin resistance was ameliorated by LFE treatment, with reduced adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic steatosis. Thus, LFE and FSB were found to act as PPARγ antagonists that improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles. We propose that LFE and its active component FSB offer a new therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders including obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyoung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Heon Cho
- Natural Substance Research Team, Pharmaceutical R&D center, Kolmar Korea Co. Ltd., Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Natural Substance Research Team, Pharmaceutical R&D center, Kolmar Korea Co. Ltd., Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyi Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Ohta T, Nakamura S, Nakashima S, Matsumoto T, Ogawa K, Fujimoto K, Fukaya M, Yoshikawa M, Matsuda H. Acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides from the flower buds of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wong CP, Kaneda T, Morita H. Plant natural products as an anti-lipid droplets accumulation agent. J Nat Med 2014; 68:253-66. [PMID: 24550097 PMCID: PMC3948524 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently people often suffer from unhealthy energy metabolism balance as they tend to take more energy than required. Normally, excess energy taken in is converted into triglyceride and stored in adipocyte as lipid droplets. Recent studies have suggested that irregular accumulation of triglyceride in adipocyte might be a cause of many metabolic diseases. Thus, the awareness of the detrimental effects on health of excessive lipid droplets accumulation (LDA) has urged the development or finding of drugs to counter this effect, including those from botanical origins. This review summarized recent progress in this field from the viewpoint of crude drug studies with references to their anti-LDA activity. Possible mechanisms involved in their anti-LDA effect and isolations of the relevant bioactive compounds were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Piow Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Toshio Kaneda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
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He Z, Liang F, Lu J, Pan Y. Cytotoxic triterpenoids from Lysimachia parvifolia. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:390-7. [PMID: 23911853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Five new oleanane-type triterpenoids, including two aglycones, 13β-28-epoxy-3β,22α,23-trihydroxyolean-16-one (1) and 13β-28-epoxy-22α,23-dihydroxyolean-3,16-dione (2), and three glycosides, anagalligenone-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (3), anagalligenone-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 4)-α-L-arabinopyranoside] (4) and anagalligenone-3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 4)-α-L-arabinopyranoside] (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lysimachia parvifolia, together with three known oleanane-type triterpenoid glycosides (6-8). The structures of the new compounds were subsequently elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and their cytotoxicities evaluated against six human cancer cell lines. Compounds 5-8 exhibited significant cytotoxicities against all the cell lines tested, with IC50 values lower than 10 μM. The possible mechanism of action of compound 6 was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchun He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Dali College, Dali 671000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Seo JB, Park SW, Choe SS, Jeong HW, Park JY, Choi EW, Seen DS, Jeong JY, Lee TG. Foenumoside B from Lysimachia foenum-graecum inhibits adipocyte differentiation and obesity induced by high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:800-6. [PMID: 22197824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported anti-obesity effects of Lysimachia foenum-graecum in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Here we isolated a triterpene saponin foenumoside B as an active component of L. foenum-graecum. Foenumoside B blocked the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.2 μg/ml in adipogenesis assay and suppressed the induction of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. Foenumoside B induced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and modulated the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism towards lipid breakdown in differentiated adipocytes. In mouse model, oral administration of foenumoside B (10mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) reduced HFD-induced body weight gain significantly without affecting food intake. Treatment of foenumoside B suppressed lipid accumulation in white adipose tissues and the liver, and lowered blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, ALT, and AST in HFD-induced obese mice. Consistent with the in vitro results, foenumoside B activated AMPK signaling, suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes, and enhanced the expression of lipolytic genes in vivo. Foenumoside B also blocked HFD-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in adipose tissue, suggesting its protective role against insulin resistance. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that foenumoside B represents the anti-obesity effects of L. foenum-graecum, and suggest therapeutic potential of foenumoside B in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Seo
- R&D Center, BRN Science Co. Ltd., Biotechnology Incubation Center, Golden Helix, San 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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9
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Seo JB, Choe SS, Jeong HW, Park SW, Shin HJ, Choi SM, Park JY, Choi EW, Kim JB, Seen DS, Jeong JY, Lee TG. Anti-obesity effects of Lysimachia foenum-graecum characterized by decreased adipogenesis and regulated lipid metabolism. Exp Mol Med 2011; 43:205-15. [PMID: 21389766 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.4.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysimachia foenum-graecum has been used as an oriental medicine with anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-obesity effect of L. foenum-graecum extract (LFE) was first discovered in our screening of natural product extract library against adipogenesis. To characterize its anti-obesity effects and to evaluate its potential as an anti-obesity drug, we performed various obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. In adipogenesis assay, LFE blocked the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 2.5 μg/ml. In addition, LFE suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes, while increasing the expression of lipolytic genes in vitro at 10 μg/ml and in vivo at 100 mg/kg/day. The anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effect of LFE seems to be mediated by the inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα expression as shown in in vitro and in vivo, and the suppression of PPARγ activity in vitro. Moreover, LFE stimulated fatty acid oxidation in an AMPK-dependent manner. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (n = 8/group), oral administration of LFE at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day decreased total body weight gain significantly in all doses tested. No difference in food intake was observed between vehicle- and LFE-treated HFD mice. The weight of white adipose tissues including abdominal subcutaneous, epididymal, and perirenal adipose tissue was reduced markedly in LFE-treated HFD mice in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of LFE also greatly improved serum levels of obesity-related biomarkers such as glucose, triglycerides, and adipocytokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. All together, these results showed anti-obesity effects of LFE on adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo and raised a possibility of developing LFE as anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Seo
- R&D Center, BRN Science Co., Ltd., Biotechnology Incubating Center, Golden Helix, Seoul, Korea
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Mohanta BC, Harigaya Y. Naturally Occurring Triterpenoid Saponins. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2327-580. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Martín R, Carvalho-Tavares J, Hernández M, Arnés M, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Nieto ML. Beneficial actions of oleanolic acid in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis: a potential therapeutic role. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 79:198-208. [PMID: 19679109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease for which there exist no therapies without undesired side effects. Thus, the establishment of less toxic treatments is an ongoing challenge. Nowadays, research on medicinal plants has been attracting much attention, since screening of its active principles could prove useful in identification of safe and innovative pharmaceutical molecules. In this study we investigated the therapeutic effect of oleanolic acid (OA) a plant-derived triterpene with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, whose actions on CNS diseases remain far from completely characterized. We focussed on the potential therapeutic effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on an accepted experimental model of MS, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We have found that OA treatment, before or at the early onset of EAE, ameliorates neurological signs of EAE-mice. These beneficial effects of OA seem to be associated with a reduction of blood-brain barrier leakage and lower infiltration of inflammatory cells within the CNS, as well as with its modulatory role in Th1/Th2 polarization: inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and stimulation of anti-inflammatory ones. Moreover, EAE-animals that were treated with OA had lower levels of anti-MOG antibodies than untreated EAE-mice. Our findings show that the administration of the natural triterpenoid OA reduces and limits the severity and development of EAE. Therefore, OA therapy might be of clinical interest for human MS and other Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, C/Sanz y Forés s/n, 47003-Valladolid, Spain
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Li XR, Li ZM, Lin RC. Two new triterpenes from Lysimachia foenum-graecum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:529-533. [PMID: 20183286 DOI: 10.1080/10286020902930884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, lysimachiagenoside C (1) and lysimachiagenoside D (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, TOCSY, and ROESY experiments as well as chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ri Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li HY, Hao ZB, Wang XL, Huang L, Li JP. Antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions from Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:970-974. [PMID: 18793841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of water extract, methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and n-BuOH fractions of methanol extract from Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance were investigated in this study. Various methods, such as the total antioxidant capacity measured by phosphomolybdenum method, scavenging activities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical, were established in in vitro systems. The amounts of total phenolics and total flavonoids in the extracts and fractions were also determined by spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that all the extracts and fractions exhibited antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities at different magnitudes of potency. The decreasing order of antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities among the extracts assayed through all the four methods were found to be ethyl acetate fraction>n-BuOH fraction>methanol extract>water extract. This similar order of the amounts of total phenolics and total flavonoids shows that the extent of antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities is in accordance with the amounts of phenolics and flavonoids present in extracts and fractions. The extracts of L. foenum-graecum Hance might be valuable antioxidant natural sources and seemed to be applicable in both healthy medicine and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yun Li
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin 541004, China.
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins. The literature from January 2005 to December 2006 is reviewed and 478 references are cited.
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Huang XA, Yang R, Cai X, Ye S, Hu Y. Analysis of new benzo-di-lactones and quinones from Lysimachia Fordiana Oliv. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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