Exploratorische und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse

Ergonomic Factors That Impact Job Satisfaction and Occupational Health during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Based on a Structural Equation Model: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Analysis of University Workers

This paper presents a structural equation model to determine the job satisfaction and occupational health impacts concerning organizational and physical ergonomics, using (as a study) objective unionized workers from the University of Sonora, South Campus, as an educational enterprise, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The above is a key element of an organizational sustainability framework. In fact, there exists a knowledge gap about the relationship between diverse ergonomic factors, job satisfaction, and occupational health, in the educational institution's context. The method used was a stratified sample of workers to which a job satisfaction-occupational health questionnaire was applied, consisting of 31 items with three-dimensional variables. As a result, the overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was determined, 0.9028, which is considered adequate to guarantee reliability (i.e., very high magnitude). Therefore, after the structural equation model, only 12 items presented a strong correlation, with a good model fit of 0.036 based on the root mean square error of approximation, 1.09 degrees of freedom for the chi-square, 0.9 for the goodness of fit index, and a confidence level of 95%. Organizational and physical factors have positive impacts on job satisfaction with factor loads of 0.37 and 0.53, respectively, and p-values of 0.016 and 0.000, respectively. The constructs related to occupational health that are considered less important by the workers were also determined, which would imply a mitigation strategy. The results contribute to the body of knowledge concerning the ergonomic dimensions mentioned and support organizational sustainability improvements in educational institutions and other sectors.

E-Commerce in the Retail Chain Store Market: An Alternative or a Main Trend?

The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of important aspects leading to the further development of e-trade in the retail market and to identify the rationale behind consumer preferences. The degree of total service (adequacy of staff, reception) and the overall satisfaction regarding the facilities (organization and hygiene level of the supermarket) are the main factors influencing consumers’ decisions for their purchases. Other important components are the degree of coverage of needs in quality products, the intention to use an online store, the interest of consumers in finding quality and safe food, having at the same time information about their prices and possible offers. A quite important criterion is the degree of physical accessibility to the store. The main norm about using e-trade platforms instead of physical presence in supermarkets is quite low. It is tested though if there are significantly different approaches among customers of different firms, with no surprising results to be obtained. Customers familiarized with e-shopping, to a greater extent, are highly educated but quite sensitive to price issues as well. Τhe findings of this survey reflect the consumers’ decision-making process to familiarize and use electronic platforms, instead of visiting physical stores for shopping, based on a group of motives and anti-motives relative to this alternative.

[Evidence-Based Approaches in Rehabilitation - Research Designs and Conceptual Foundations for Analyzing the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Treatments]

Rehabilitation is evidenced based if treatments are applied that proved to enhance rehabilitation outcomes - generally patients' health or participation- effectively in a causal manner. Randomized control trials (RCTs) allow determining the efficacy of treatments unambiguously. If alternative research designs (e. g. case-control studies, cohort studies, observational studies) are adopted, the association of the treatment and the improvement of the health status or participation may be biased by confounding variables (limitations of internal validity). Several variants of the basic RCT designs have been developed (e. g. cluster-randomized trials, factorial designs, pragmatic trials) to adapt RCTs to the demands of practical applications. Additionally, deciding and acting evidence-based requires rehabilitation treatments and recommendations which have been developed on a solid theoretical basis and which are applied in practical rehabilitation care appropriately. Especially, because treatments have to be chosen and provided according to rehabilitation patients' individual needs. Furthermore, in every day care the application of treatments has to be matched to the specific conditions of the respective rehabilitation institution. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of evidence requires not only efficacy studies adopting RCTs. Additionally, knowledge about treatment efficacy has to be complemented by studies investigating conceptual and theoretical foundations of effective treatments (intervention design) as well as studies to apply treatments in practical rehabilitation care (implementation research) appropriately.

Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Patienten nach Nierentransplantation – Lässt sich die Skalenstruktur des SF-36 replizieren?

Zusammenfassung. Eine Nierentransplantation führt bei Patienten mit einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität. Zur Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität dieser Patienten können entweder spezifische oder generische Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des SF-36 an einer großen Stichprobe von N = 1.687 nierentransplantierten Patienten zu evaluieren. Die interne Konsistenz lag für die Untersuchungsstichprobe zwischen α = .64 (Skala Allgemeine Gesundheitswahrnehmung) und α = .92 (Skala Körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit), womit berichtete Werte repliziert werden konnten. Die diskriminante Validität wurde mittels Effektstärken geprüft (–.03 bis –.35). Die nierentransplantierten Patienten berichteten eine schlechtere gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität als die Normstichprobe. Die Überprüfung der Konstruktvalidität ergab inkonsistente Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Bidimensionalität des Verfahrens. Das SF-36 kann jedoch auch ohne den Fokus auf der Bidimensionalität als Forschungsinstrument der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Nierentransplantation gelten.