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Li C, Wood JC, Vu AH, Hamilton JP, Rodriguez Lopez CE, Payne RME, Serna Guerrero DA, Gase K, Yamamoto K, Vaillancourt B, Caputi L, O'Connor SE, Robin Buell C. Single-cell multi-omics in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus. Nat Chem Biol 2023:10.1038/s41589-023-01327-0. [PMID: 37188960 PMCID: PMC10374443 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in omics technologies now permit the generation of highly contiguous genome assemblies, detection of transcripts and metabolites at the level of single cells and high-resolution determination of gene regulatory features. Here, using a complementary, multi-omics approach, we interrogated the monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthetic pathway in Catharanthus roseus, a source of leading anticancer drugs. We identified clusters of genes involved in MIA biosynthesis on the eight C. roseus chromosomes and extensive gene duplication of MIA pathway genes. Clustering was not limited to the linear genome, and through chromatin interaction data, MIA pathway genes were present within the same topologically associated domain, permitting the identification of a secologanin transporter. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed sequential cell-type-specific partitioning of the leaf MIA biosynthetic pathway that, when coupled with a single-cell metabolomics approach, permitted the identification of a reductase that yields the bis-indole alkaloid anhydrovinblastine. We also revealed cell-type-specific expression in the root MIA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Li
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joshua C Wood
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anh Hai Vu
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - John P Hamilton
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Richard M E Payne
- The John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- School of Science, Association of International Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Lorenzo Caputi
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - C Robin Buell
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Biosynthesis and Modulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus: A Review of Targeting Genes and Secondary Metabolites. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant C. roseus synthesizes biologically active alkaloids via the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIAs) biosynthetic pathway. Most of these alkaloids have high therapeutic value, such as vinblastine and vincristine. Plant signaling components, plant hormones, precursors, growth hormones, prenylated proteins, and transcriptomic factors regulate the complex networks of TIA biosynthesis. For many years, researchers have been evaluating the scientific value of the TIA biosynthetic pathway and its potential in commercial applications for market opportunities. Metabolic engineering has revealed the major blocks in metabolic pathways regulated at the molecular level, unknown structures, metabolites, genes, enzyme expression, and regulatory genes. Conceptually, this information is necessary to create transgenic plants and microorganisms for the commercial production of high-value dimer alkaloids, such as vinca alkaloids, vinblastine, and vincristine In this review, we present current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of these components in the C. roseus TIA pathway, from genes to metabolites.
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Technical safety and efficacy of a blunt-tip microwave ablation electrode for CT-guided ablation of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7484-7490. [PMID: 33797595 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and technical efficacy of a customized blunt-tip microwave ablation (MWA) electrode for CT-guided ablation of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules (GGOs). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective before-after study. All consented patients with GGOs who underwent MWA treatment using conventional sharp-tip electrodes (group A) between January 2018 and December 2018 or new blunt-tip electrodes (group B) between January 2019 and December 2019 in our institution were included. The individual features of each patient and lesion, as well as technical and clinical information, were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Sixteen (7 males, 9 females; mean age, 64.9 ± 12.3 years) and twenty-six (11 males, 15 females; mean age, 66.5 ± 10.7 years) patients were enrolled in groups A and B, respectively. The technique was successfully performed in all patients and a follow-up CT scan at 24 h after MWA showed that the technical efficacy rate was 100% in both groups. Twelve (75.0%) grade I complications were noted in group A, whereas 11 (42.3%) were noted in group B (p = 0.039, chi-square test). No bleeding occurred within the lesions in group B. CONCLUSIONS The blunt-tip MWA electrode is a safe and technically effective tool for ablating GGO lesions. KEY POINTS • A new blunt-tip MWA electrode was used for CT-guided ablation of GGO lesions. • The blunt-tip MWA electrode could improve the safety of GGO ablation. • The technical efficacy of ablation was maintained by using the blunt-tip MWA electrode.
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Yeast extract elicitation increases vinblastine and vincristine yield in protoplast derived tissues and plantlets in Catharanthus roseus. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lopes GR, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tool in green chemistry. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06094f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) potential in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido R. Lopes
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Bhadra R, Vani S, Shanks JV. Production of indole alkaloids by selected hairy root lines of Catharanthus roseus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 41:581-92. [PMID: 18609590 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260410511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hairy root cultures of Catharanthus roseus were established by infection of seedlings with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834. Approximately 150 transformants from four different. C. roseus cultivars were screened for desirable traits in growth and indole alkaloid production. Five hairy root clones grew well in liquid culture with doubling times similar to those reported for cell suspensions. Fast growing clones had similar morphologies, characterized by thin, straight, and regular branches with thin tips. The levels of key alkaloids, ajmalicine, serpentine, and catharanthine, in these five clones, also compared well with literature data from cell suspensions, yet HPLC and GC-MS data indicate the presence of vindoline in two clones at levels over three orders of magnitude greater than the minute amounts reported in cell culture. These results suggest that further optimization may result in hairy roots as a potential source of vindoline and catharanthine, the two monomers necessary to synthesize that antineoplastic drug, vinblastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhadra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of the Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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Laccase-catalyzed coupling of catharanthine and vindoline: an efficient approach to the bisindole alkaloid anhydrovinblastine. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Verma A, Laakso I, Seppänen-Laakso T, Huhtikangas A, Riekkola ML. A simplified procedure for indole alkaloid extraction from Catharanthus roseus combined with a semi-synthetic production process for vinblastine. Molecules 2007; 12:1307-15. [PMID: 17909486 PMCID: PMC6149338 DOI: 10.3390/12071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried leaves of Catharanthus roseus were extracted with aqueous acidic 0.1 M solution of HCl. Alkaloid-embonate complexes were obtained as precipitates by treating the extract with an alkaline (NaOH) solution of embonic acid (4,4-methylene-bis-3-hydroxynaphtalenecarboxylic acid). The precipitate mainly consisted of catharanthine and vindoline embonates and it was directly used as the starting material for a semi-synthesis of the anti-cancer bisindole alkaloid vinblastine. The coupling reaction involved oxidation of catharanthine in aqueous acidic medium by singlet oxygen ((1)O2), continuously produced in situ by the reaction between H2O2 with NaClO. An excess of NaBH4 was used for the reduction step. Analysis of the reaction mixture indicated a maximum yield of 20% for vinblastine at pH 8.3, based on the initial amount of catharanthine concentration. Direct-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive ion mode was used for the identification of vinblastine. The mass spectra of vinblastine were dominated by the corresponding protonated molecular ion [M+H]+ at m/z 811 and the characteristic fragment ions matched with those of the standard compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Verma
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Tel: +358919150252, Fax: +358919150253, E-mails: ,
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, E-mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: ;
| | - Into Laakso
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, E-mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: ;
| | - Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland; E-mail:
| | - Aarre Huhtikangas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, E-mail:
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Tel: +358919150252, Fax: +358919150253, E-mails: ,
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The Vinca Alkaloids: From Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Plant Cells, to Uptake, Activity and Metabolism in Animal Cells. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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El-Sayed M, Verpoorte R. Methyljasmonate accelerates catabolism of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus during leaf processing. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:83-90. [PMID: 15664467 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Variations in alkaloid pattern during drying of leaves (leaf processing) showed that treatment with methyljasmonate can induce formation of bisindole alkaloids as a result of catabolism of the monomeric alkaloids catharanthine and vindoline. A two-fold increase in 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine was shown in treated leaves especially from day 8 until day 21. Serpentine also increased in the same period under the treatment as a catabolic product of ajmalicine. Basic peroxidases that are responsible for the formation of anhydrovinblastine and serpentine showed high activity at days 8 and 21 in treated leaves, causing the increase in anhydrovinblastine and serpentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdi El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Section of Metabolomics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rathbone DA, Lister DL, Bruce NC. Biotransformation of alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2003; 58:1-82. [PMID: 12534248 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(02)58002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformations of alkaloids over the last decade have continued to encompass a wide variety of substrates and enzymes. The elucidation of novel alkaloid biosynthetic and catabolic pathways will continue to furnish new biocatalysts for the synthetic organic chemist. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the genetic and biochemical basis of metabolic pathways will also permit the engineering of pathways in plants and other heterologous hosts for the production of therapeutically important alkaloids. The combination of increasing commercial interest and advances in molecular biology will facilitate the availability of robust biocatalysts which are a prerequsite to achieve economically feasible processes for the production of alkaloid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Rathbone
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
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Sundberg RJ, Smith SQ. The IBOGA alkaloids and their role as precursors of anti-neoplastic bisindole Catharanthus alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2003; 59:281-376. [PMID: 12561419 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(02)59009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Sundberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., USA
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Rathbone DA, Lister DL, Bruce NC. Biotransformation of alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2002; 57:1-74. [PMID: 11705120 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(01)57002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformations of alkaloids over the last decade have continued to encompass a wide variety of substrates and enzymes. The elucidation of novel alkaloid biosynthetic and catabolic pathways will continue to furnish new biocatalysts for the synthetic organic chemist. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the genetic and biochemical basis of metabolic pathways will also permit the engineering of pathways in plants and other heterologous hosts for the production of therapeutically important alkaloids. The combination of increasing commercial interest and advances in molecular biology will facilitate the availability of robust biocatalysts which are a prerequsite to achieve economically feasible processes for the production of alkaloid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rathbone
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
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15
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Zárate R, Dirks C, van der Heijden R, Verpoorte R. Terpenoid indole alkaloid profile changes in Catharanthus pusillus during development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2001; 160:971-977. [PMID: 11297794 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(01)00340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The terpenoid indole alkaloid content of Catharanthus pusillus was investigated during development from young to old plants. Different plant organs were assessed showing that the new leaves were the main repository site with vindoline ( approximately 4.8 mg/g DW) and catharanthine ( approximately 2.2 mg/g DW) being the major metabolites with the highest yields at the second and third sampling time (51 and 70 days, respectively). The other samples analysed, from old, oldest and yellow leaves followed in accumulation levels. The roots and stems were the least accumulative organs, although for the case of tubotaiwine the root was the most important organ. It appeared that the alkaloid content changed coinciding with the different developmental stages of the plants, particularly at flowering and fruiting stages. Moreover, this species seems to constitute a precious source of the monomerics, vindoline and catharanthine, intermediates in the synthesis of the two important antitumor dimerics vincristine and vinblastine, which did not accumulate in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zárate
- Gorlaeus laboratories, Division of Pharmacognosy, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hirata K, Akagi T, Duangteraprecha S, Honda M, Sakamoto Y, Nagase H, Miyamoto K. Catharanthine oxidation in flavin mononucleotide-mediated catharanthine-vindoline coupling reaction for synthesis of dimeric indole alkaloids under near-ultraviolet light. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 87:781-6. [PMID: 16232554 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/1998] [Accepted: 03/24/1999] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A reaction model for the flavin mononucleotide-mediated coupling of catharanthine (C) and vindoline (V) under near-ultraviolet light was established based on the results of experiments on the effects of various physical and chemical factors on the disappearance of C and V, and the synthesis of the product, a dihydropyridinium intermediate (IM). The following events were deduced to occur. (i) C is oxidized in the presence of FMN and oxygen under near-ultraviolet light (C(OX1)). (ii) C(OX1) then couples with V to form IM. Degradation of C occurs simultaneously with its specific oxidation, as a result of which a part of the C is converted into the product (C*) which is incapable of coupling with V. When a reaction in which C(OX1) is further oxidized to another form (C(OX2)) is added and the counterpart for the coupling with V is changed to C(OX2) from C(OX1), the reaction model more appropriately describes the exponential increase in the product, IM, that occurs in the early stage of the coupling reaction. (iii) The degradation rate of IM is much greater after C has been consumed than before its disappearance. Using this reaction model, the coupling reactions under basal and optimized conditions were simulated and the results showed a good fit with the experimental values under both conditions. The kinetic study suggests that manganese ion (Mn2+) stimulates the binding of C(OX2) with V in addition to suppressing the degradation of C, resulting in an increased yield of IM. Mn2+ thus appears to be an important factor in the coupling reaction, in which it plays two different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirata
- Environmental Bioengineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Adam W, Lazarus M, Saha-Möller CR, Weichold O, Hoch U, Häring D, Schreier P. Biotransformations with peroxidases. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1999; 63:73-108. [PMID: 9933982 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-69791-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are chiral catalysts and are able to produce optically active molecules from prochiral or racemic substrates by catalytic asymmetric induction. One of the major challenges in organic synthesis is the development of environmentally acceptable chemical processes for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds, which are of increasing importance as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Enzymes meet this challenge! For example, a variety of peroxidases effectively catalyze numerous selective oxidations of electron-rich substrates, which include the hydroxylation of arenes, the oxyfunctionalizations of phenols and aromatic amines, the epoxidation and halogenation of olefins, the oxygenation of heteroatoms and the enantioselective reduction of racemic hydroperoxides. In this review, we summarize the important advances achieved in the last few years on peroxidase-catalyzed transformations, with major emphasis on preparative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Adam
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany.
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Limam F, Chahed K, Ouelhazi N, Ghrir R, Ouelhazi L. Phytohormone regulation of isoperoxidases in Catharanthus roseus suspension cultures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1998; 49:1219-1225. [PMID: 9842727 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidase (POD) activity was investigated in Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions cultured under different hormonal conditions. Depletion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from the culture medium enhanced POD activity in cells and spent medium. Addition of phytohormones, in particular the auxin 2,4-D, reduced POD activity in medium and cellular compartments and enhanced ionically cell-wall bound POD. The differential modulation of POD is due to hormone effects on synthesis and/or accumulation of POD, rather than on the secretion process. Qualitative analysis showed that 2,4-D, but not cytokinins, regulated the synthesis of a basic isoform. The cytokinin treatment seemed to affect acidic rather than basic isoforms. The presence of basic POD is correlated with the capacity of cells to produce indole alkaloids. The major extracellular basic isoperoxidase was purified to homogeneity from culture medium of Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions. The isolated peroxidase is a haem protein with a M(r) of 33,000 and a pI close to 9. The effect of pH on peroxidase activity was studied using guaiacol as substrate and the optimum pH determined at 25 degrees was 6.0. This enzyme acted on guaiacol, 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), o-dianisidine, o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) and pyrogallol, but had no effect on syringaldazine or coniferyl alcohol substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Limam
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Végétale et Symbiotes, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique BP 95, Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
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Chou WM, Kutchan TM. Enzymatic oxidations in the biosynthesis of complex alkaloids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1998; 15:289-300. [PMID: 9750342 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of complex alkaloids in plants involves enzymes that, due to high substrate specificity, appear to have evolved solely for a role in secondary metabolism. At least one class of these enzymes, the oxidoreductases, catalyze transformations that are in some cases difficult to chemically mimick with an equivalent stereo- or regiospecificity and yield. Oxidoreductases are frequently catalyzing reactions that result in the formation of parent ring systems, thereby determining the class of alkaloid that a plant will produce. The oxidoreductases of alkaloid formation are a potential target for the biotechnological exploitation of medicinal plants in that they could be used for biomimetic syntheses of alkaloids. Analyzing the molecular genetics of alkaloid biosynthetic oxidations is requisite to eventual commercial application of these enzymes. To this end, a wealth of knowledge has been gained on the biochemistry of select monoterpenoid indole and isoquinoline biosynthetic pathways, and in recent years this has been complemented by molecular genetic analyses. As the nucleotide sequences of the oxidases of alkaloid synthesis become known, consensus sequences specific to select classes of enzymes can be identified. These consensus sequences will potentially facilitate the direct cloning of alkaloid biosynthetic genes without the need to purify the native enzyme for partial amino acid sequence determination or for antibody production prior to cDNA isolation. The current state of our knowledge of the biochemistry and molecular genetics of oxidases involved in alkaloid biosynthesis is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Chou
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie, Universität München, Germany
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Kutchan TM. Chapter 7 Molecular Genetics of Plant Alkaloid Biosynthesis. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(08)60045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sottomayor M, DiCosmo F, Ros Barceló A. On the fate of catharanthine and vindoline during the peroxidase-mediated enzymatic synthesis of α-3′,4′-anhydrovinblastine. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(97)00067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Verpoorte R, van der Heijden R, Moreno PR. Chapter 3 Biosynthesis of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Cells. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Duangteraprecha S, Hirata K, Morihara E, Nakae M, Katayama H, Honda M, Miyamoto K. Non-enzymic coupling of vindoline and catharanthine to synthesize 3′,4′-anhydrovinblastine under irradiation with near-ultraviolet light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(97)80984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hirata K, Horiuchi M, Asada M, Ando T, Miyamoto K, Miura Y. Stimulation of dimeric alkaloid production by near-ultraviolet light in multiple shoot cultures of Catharanthus roseus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(92)90114-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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