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Lin S, Ye J, Liang X, Zhang X, Su J, Fu P, Lv DY, Shan L, Shen YH, Li HL, Yang XW, Zhang WD. Mass spectrometric profiling of valepotriates possessing various acyloxy groups from Valeriana jatamansi. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1294-1304. [PMID: 26505775 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Valepotriates, plant secondary metabolites of the family Valerianaceae, contain various acyloxy group linkages to the valepotriate nucleus and exhibit significant biological activities. Identification of valepotriates is important to uncover potential lead compounds for the development of new sedative and antitumor drugs. However, making their structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is too difficult to be realized because of the overlapped carbonyl carbon signals of acyloxy groups substituted at different positions. Thus, the mass spectrometric profiling of these compounds in positive ion mode was developed to unveil the exact linkage of acyloxy group and the core of valepotriate. In this study, electrospray ionization tandem multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS(n)) in ion trap and collision-induced dissociation tandem MS were used to investigate the fragmentation pathways of four types of valepotriates in Valeriana jatamansi, including 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrovaltrate hydrin (5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrovaltrate chlorohydrin), 5,6-dihydrovaltrate hydrin (5,6-dihydrovaltrate chlorohydrin), 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrovaltrate and valtrate hydrin (valtrate chlorohydrin). The high-resolution mass spectrum (HRMS) data of all the investigated valepotriates from quadrupole time-of-flight MS/MS were used as a supportive of the fragmentation rules we hypothesized from ion-trap stepwise MS(n). As a result, the loss sequence of acyloxy groups and the abundance of key product ions, in combination with the characteristic product ions corresponding to the valepotriate nucleus, could readily differentiate the four different types of valepotriates. The summarized fragmentation rules were also successfully exploited for the structural characterization of three new trace valepotriates from V. jatamansi. The results indicated that the developed analytical method could be employed as a rapid, effective technique for structural characterization of valepotriates, especially for the trace compounds that could not be identified by NMR techniques. This study may also arouse interest for further structural analysis of other valepotriate-containing type herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lin
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Di-Ya Lv
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yun-Heng Shen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xian-Wen Yang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Lacher SK, Mayer R, Sichardt K, Nieber K, Müller CE. Interaction of valerian extracts of different polarity with adenosine receptors: Identification of isovaltrate as an inverse agonist at A1 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:248-58. [PMID: 17097622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of extracts of valerian roots (Valeriana officinalis L.) was prepared with solvents of different polarity. Polar as well as nonpolar extracts were found to interact with adenosine A(1) receptors. While polar extracts activated A(1) receptors (partial agonistic activity), nonpolar extracts showed antagonistic or inverse agonistic activity at A(1) receptors, as demonstrated by GTPgammaS binding assays at human recombinant A(1) receptors stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Guided by radioligand binding assays, fractionation of a lipophilic petroleum ether:diethyl ether (1:1) extract led to the isolation of isovaltrate, which was characterized as a potent, highly efficacious inverse agonist at adenosine A(1) receptors (K(i) rat A(1): 2.05 microM). In experiments at rat brain slices measuring post-synaptic potentials (PSPs) in cortical neurons, isovaltrate at least partly reversed the reduction in the PSPs induced by the adenosine A(1) receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). Isovaltrate may serve as a new lead structure for the development of inverse agonists at adenosine A(1) receptors. The common use of hydrophilic, but not lipophilic valerian extracts as mild sleep-inducing agents is consistent with the opposite actions of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts on adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja K Lacher
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
In this paper an overview is given of qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis used for valepotriates. Methods like spectophotometry, titrimetry, TLC, GC, HPLC, MS, CE as well as p-SFC have been applied. Today HPLC is the method of choice. The usefulness of the individual methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rein Bos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, The Netherlands.
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