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Abstract
A disease or symptom of disease spreading from the vicinity of the orbit to the internal structures of the orbit is referred to as an orbital complication. Orbital complications can have a traumatic, inflammatory, allergic, or autoimmunologic cause. They are more frequent in children than adults. The present review aims to provide a description of orbital complications, their etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Recent literature in the field is acknowledged and discussed, and results from the authors' own patient groups are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to orbital complications due to acute sinusitis and those caused by acute hemorrhage. The term "orbital phlegmon" frequently used for orbital complications with inflammatory causes is confusing and should be replaced by differentiated grading. Diagnosis and treatment of orbital complications requires interdisciplinary collaboration, whereby inclusion of ophthalmologists is particularly important. Treatment of orbital complications depends on their cause. In inflammatory cases affecting only the preseptal tissues and compartment, conservative therapy is indicated. If clinical findings worsen within 24 h of conservative therapy, or if the patient presents with a high-grade orbital complication with loss of visual acuity or impairment of globe mobility, surgery is required. In cases of acute hemorrhage into the orbit, a procedure for decreasing intra-orbital pressure is mandatory (i. e., canthotomy, cantholysis, orbital decompression).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Graß
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde und regionale plastische Chirurgie, Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrum, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - H-J Welkoborsky
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde und regionale plastische Chirurgie, Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrum, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - H Möbius
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde und regionale plastische Chirurgie, Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrum, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - S K Plontke
- Medizinische Fakultät Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - A Glien
- Medizinische Fakultät Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Deutschland
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Complications in endonasal sinus surgery: a 5-year retrospective study of 2,596 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 270:141-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-1973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 17:66-73. [PMID: 19225308 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32832406ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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