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Herr LM, Schaffer ED, Fuchs KF, Datta A, Brosh RM. Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:616. [PMID: 38777831 PMCID: PMC11111458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Herr
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan D Schaffer
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Fuchs
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Mkrtchyan GV, Veviorskiy A, Izumchenko E, Shneyderman A, Pun FW, Ozerov IV, Aliper A, Zhavoronkov A, Scheibye-Knudsen M. High-confidence cancer patient stratification through multiomics investigation of DNA repair disorders. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:999. [PMID: 36435816 PMCID: PMC9701218 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cancer types have limited targeted therapeutic options, in part due to incomplete understanding of the molecular processes underlying tumorigenesis and significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Identification of novel molecular biomarkers stratifying cancer patients with different survival outcomes may provide new opportunities for target discovery and subsequent development of tailored therapies. Here, we applied the artificial intelligence-driven PandaOmics platform ( https://pandaomics.com/ ) to explore gene expression changes in rare DNA repair-deficient disorders and identify novel cancer targets. Our analysis revealed that CEP135, a scaffolding protein associated with early centriole biogenesis, is commonly downregulated in DNA repair diseases with high cancer predisposition. Further screening of survival data in 33 cancers available at TCGA database identified sarcoma as a cancer type where lower survival was significantly associated with high CEP135 expression. Stratification of cancer patients based on CEP135 expression enabled us to examine therapeutic targets that could be used for the improvement of existing therapies against sarcoma. The latter was based on application of the PandaOmics target-ID algorithm coupled with in vitro studies that revealed polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a potential therapeutic candidate in sarcoma patients with high CEP135 levels and poor survival. While further target validation is required, this study demonstrated the potential of in silico-based studies for a rapid biomarker discovery and target characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garik V. Mkrtchyan
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCenter for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCenter for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Kopf S, Kumar V, Kender Z, Han Z, Fleming T, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Diabetic Pneumopathy-A New Diabetes-Associated Complication: Mechanisms, Consequences and Treatment Considerations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:765201. [PMID: 34899603 PMCID: PMC8655305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.765201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are over-represented among the total cases reported with "idiopathic" pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This raises the question, whether this is an association only or whether diabetes itself can cause pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes demonstrated that diabetes causes pulmonary fibrosis. Both types of diabetes trigger a cascade, starting with increased DNA damage, an impaired DNA repair, and leading to persistent DNA damage signaling. This response, in turn, induces senescence, a senescence-associated-secretory phenotype (SASP), marked by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, finally resulting in fibrosis. Restoring DNA repair drives fibrosis into remission, thus proving causality. These data can be translated clinically to patients with type 2 diabetes, characterized by long-term diabetes and albuminuria. Hence there are several arguments, to substitute the term "idiopathic" pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in patients with diabetes (and exclusion of other causes of lung diseases) by the term "diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis" (DiPF). However, future studies are required to establish this term and to study whether patients with diabetes respond to the established therapies similar to non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Programme, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Programme, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter P. Nawroth,
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Kumar V, Agrawal R, Pandey A, Kopf S, Hoeffgen M, Kaymak S, Bandapalli OR, Gorbunova V, Seluanov A, Mall MA, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Compromised DNA repair is responsible for diabetes-associated fibrosis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103477. [PMID: 32338774 PMCID: PMC7265245 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated organ fibrosis, marked by elevated cellular senescence, is a growing health concern. Intriguingly, the mechanism underlying this association remained unknown. Moreover, insulin alone can neither reverse organ fibrosis nor the associated secretory phenotype, favoring the exciting notion that thus far unknown mechanisms must be operative. Here, we show that experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes impairs DNA repair, leading to senescence, inflammatory phenotypes, and ultimately fibrosis. Carbohydrates were found to trigger this cascade by decreasing the NAD+ /NADH ratio and NHEJ-repair in vitro and in diabetes mouse models. Restoring DNA repair by nuclear over-expression of phosphomimetic RAGE reduces DNA damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, thereby restoring organ function. Our study provides a novel conceptual framework for understanding diabetic fibrosis on the basis of persistent DNA damage signaling and points to unprecedented approaches to restore DNA repair capacity for resolution of fibrosis in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raman Agrawal
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aparamita Pandey
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Hoeffgen
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serap Kaymak
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Germany
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Dall'Era MA, McPherson JD, Gao AC, DeVere White RW, Gregg JP, Lara PN. Germline and somatic DNA repair gene alterations in prostate cancer. Cancer 2020; 126:2980-2985. [PMID: 32315455 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has suggested that DNA repair gene alterations may be important in prostate cancer pathogenesis. In the current study, the authors sought to characterize alterations in DNA repair pathway genes in both primary and metastatic prostate tumors with attention to tissue distribution as well as specific genomic alterations. METHODS The authors studied the distribution and type of alterations in 24 genes that are considered important for DNA repair in 944 prostate cancers harvested from localized and metastatic tumors. Tumor DNA underwent hybrid capture for all coding exons of 287 or 395 cancer-related genes plus select introns from 19 or 31 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Captured libraries were sequenced to a median exon coverage depth of >×500. Specific genomic alterations were characterized and the frequencies of mutations by tissue site (prostate vs metastases) were compared using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 152 patients from the cohort of 944 men (16%) harbored a germline or somatic mutation in ≥1 DNA repair genes. The most frequently mutated genes were BRCA2 (11.4%) and ATM (5.8%), followed by MSH6 (2.5%) and MSH2 (2.1%). Mutations were identified in approximately 20.1% of primary prostate tumors compared with 18.8% of bone metastases. When stratified by tissue site, the highest rates of DNA repair mutations were found in solid organ metastases, including brain and visceral metastases, compared with prostate. CONCLUSIONS DNA repair gene mutations are more common in metastatic than localized prostate tumors. Visceral and other solid organ metastases appear enriched for these mutations compared with localized tumors or bone and lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Dall'Era
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,University of California at Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - John D McPherson
- University of California at Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,University of California at Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Ralph W DeVere White
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,University of California at Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Jeffrey P Gregg
- University of California at Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California.,Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Primo N Lara
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,University of California at Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
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Nazaryan-Petersen L, Bjerregaard VA, Nielsen FC, Tommerup N, Tümer Z. Chromothripsis and DNA Repair Disorders. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030613. [PMID: 32106411 PMCID: PMC7141117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromothripsis is a mutational mechanism leading to complex and relatively clustered chromosomal rearrangements, resulting in diverse phenotypic outcomes depending on the involved genomic landscapes. It may occur both in the germ and the somatic cells, resulting in congenital and developmental disorders and cancer, respectively. Asymptomatic individuals may be carriers of chromotriptic rearrangements and experience recurrent reproductive failures when two or more chromosomes are involved. Several mechanisms are postulated to underlie chromothripsis. The most attractive hypothesis involves chromosome pulverization in micronuclei, followed by the incorrect reassembly of fragments through DNA repair to explain the clustered nature of the observed complex rearrangements. Moreover, exogenous or endogenous DNA damage induction and dicentric bridge formation may be involved. Chromosome instability is commonly observed in the cells of patients with DNA repair disorders, such as ataxia telangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, and Bloom syndrome. In addition, germline variations of TP53 have been associated with chromothripsis in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia. In the present review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of chromothripsis and the involvement of defective DNA repair genes, resulting in chromosome instability and chromothripsis-like rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Nazaryan-Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.N.-P.); (N.T.)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Victoria Alexandra Bjerregaard
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| | | | - Niels Tommerup
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.N.-P.); (N.T.)
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-292-048-55
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Nickel Carcinogenesis Mechanism: DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194690. [PMID: 31546657 PMCID: PMC6802009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is known to be a major carcinogenic heavy metal. Occupational and environmental exposure to Ni has been implicated in human lung and nasal cancers. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of Ni carcinogenicity remain unclear, but studies have shown that Ni-caused DNA damage is an important carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of DNA damage associated with Ni exposure and summarized known Ni-caused DNA damage effects. In vitro and vivo studies demonstrated that Ni can induce DNA damage through direct DNA binding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation. Ni can also repress the DNA damage repair systems, including direct reversal, nucleotide repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous-recombination repair (HR), and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathways. The repression of DNA repair is through direct enzyme inhibition and the downregulation of DNA repair molecule expression. Up to now, the exact mechanisms of DNA damage caused by Ni and Ni compounds remain unclear. Revealing the mechanisms of DNA damage from Ni exposure may contribute to the development of preventive strategies in Ni carcinogenicity.
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Lou G, Palikaras K, Lautrup S, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Tavernarakis N, Fang EF. Mitophagy and Neuroprotection. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:8-20. [PMID: 31375365 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are strongly age-related and currently cannot be cured, with a surge of patient numbers in the coming decades in view of the emerging worldwide ageing population, bringing healthcare and socioeconomic challenges. Effective therapies are urgently needed, and are dependent on new aetiological mechanisms. In neurons, efficient clearance of damaged mitochondria, through the highly evolutionary conserved cellular process termed mitophagy, plays a fundamental role in mitochondrial and metabolic homeostasis, energy supply, neuronal survival, and health. Conversely, defective mitophagy leads to accumulation of damaged mitochondria and cellular dysfunction, contributing to ageing and age-predisposed neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the contribution of defective mitophagy in these diseases, and underlying molecular mechanisms, and highlight novel therapeutics based on new discovered mitophagy-inducing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Lou
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway.
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