1
|
Zhao Y, Chen J, Luo Z, Chang Y, Yang J, Zhang W, Wu G, Crane SW, Hansen CS, Ding H, An F, Hu X, Xie D, Ashfold MNR, Yuan K, Yang X. The vibronic state dependent predissociation of H 2S: determination of all fragmentation processes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2501-2517. [PMID: 36908956 PMCID: PMC9993885 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry plays a significant role in shaping the chemical reaction network in the solar nebula and interstellar clouds. However, even in a simple triatomic molecule photodissociation, determination of all fragmentation processes is yet to be achieved. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the photochemistry of H2S, derived from cutting-edge translational spectroscopy measurements of the H, S(1D) and S(1S) atom products formed by photolysis at wavelengths across the range 155-120 nm. The results provide detailed insights into the energy disposal in the SH(X), SH(A) and H2 co-fragments, and the atomisation routes leading to two H atoms along with S(3P) and S(1D) atoms. Theoretical calculations allow the dynamics of all fragmentation processes, especially the bimodal internal energy distributions in the diatomic products, to be rationalised in terms of non-adiabatic transitions between potential energy surfaces of both 1A' and 1A'' symmetry. The comprehensive picture of the wavelength-dependent (or vibronic state-dependent) photofragmentation behaviour of H2S will serve as a text-book example illustrating the importance of non-Born-Oppenheimer effects in molecular photochemistry, and the findings should be incorporated in future astrochemical modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Zhao
- School of Physics, Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Chinese Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zijie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Stuart W Crane
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Hongbin Ding
- School of Physics, Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Chinese Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Feng An
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Institute for Brain Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China .,Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China.,Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
| | | | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China .,Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China .,Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vibrational wave packet dynamics of H2O+ and H2O by strong-field Fourier transform spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
3
|
Ashfold MNR, Kim SK. Non-Born-Oppenheimer effects in molecular photochemistry: an experimental perspective. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20200376. [PMID: 35341307 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-adiabatic couplings between Born-Oppenheimer (BO)-derived potential energy surfaces are now recognized as pivotal in describing the non-radiative decay of electronically excited molecules following photon absorption. This opinion piece illustrates how non-BO effects provide photostability to many biomolecules when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, yet in many other cases are key to facilitating 'reactive' outcomes like isomerization and bond fission. The examples are presented in order of decreasing molecular complexity, spanning studies of organic sunscreen molecules in solution, through two families of heteroatom containing aromatic molecules and culminating with studies of isolated gas phase H2O molecules that afford some of the most detailed insights yet available into the cascade of non-adiabatic couplings that enable the evolution from photoexcited molecule to eventual products. This article is part of the theme issue 'Chemistry without the Born-Oppenheimer approximation'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen production from the water photochemistry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6303. [PMID: 34728635 PMCID: PMC8563719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen has been commonly observed in the dense photo-dominated regions (PDRs). It plays an important role in understanding the chemical evolution in the interstellar medium. Until recently, it was widely accepted that vibrational excitation of interstellar H2 was achieved by shock wave or far-ultraviolet fluorescence pumping. Here we show a further pathway to produce vibrationally excited H2 via the water photochemistry. The results indicate that the H2 fragments identified in the O(1S) + H2(X1Σg+) channel following vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of H2O in the wavelength range of λ = ~100-112 nm are vibrationally excited. In particular, more than 90% of H2(X) fragments populate in a vibrational state v = 3 at λ~112.81 nm. The abundance of water and VUV photons in the interstellar space suggests that the contributions of these vibrationally excited H2 from the water photochemistry could be significant and should be recognized in appropriate interstellar chemistry models.
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo Z, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Chang Y, Zhang SE, Wu Y, Yang J, Cheng Y, Che L, Wu G, Xie D, Yang X, Yuan K. Strong isotope effect in the VUV photodissociation of HOD: A possible origin of D/H isotope heterogeneity in the solar nebula. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabg7775. [PMID: 34290097 PMCID: PMC8294749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The deuterium versus hydrogen (D/H) isotopic ratios are important to understand the source of water on Earth and other terrestrial planets. However, the determinations of D/H ratios suggest a hydrogen isotopic diversity in the planetary objects of the solar system. Photochemistry has been suggested as one source of this isotope heterogeneity. Here, we have revealed the photodissociation features of the water isotopologue (HOD) at λ = 120.8 to 121.7 nm. The results show different quantum state populations of OH and OD fragments from HOD photodissociation, suggesting strong isotope effect. The branching ratios of H + OD and D + OH channels display large isotopic fractionation, with ratios of 0.70 ± 0.10 at 121.08 nm and 0.49 ± 0.10 at 121.6 nm. Because water is abundant in the solar nebula, photodissociation of HOD should be an alternative source of the D/H isotope heterogeneity. This isotope effect must be considered in the photochemical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Luo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yarui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Su-E Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo Z, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Che L, Wu G, Yang X, Yuan K. Photodissociation Dynamics of H 2O via the Ẽ' ( 1B 2) Electronic State. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3622-3630. [PMID: 33891426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of H2O via the Ẽ'1B2 state were studied using the high-resolution H atom photofragment translational spectroscopy method, in combination with the tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV FEL). The measured translational energy spectra allow us to determine the respective quantum state population distributions for the nascent OH(X2Π) and OH(A2Σ+) photofragments. Analyses of the quantum state population distributions show both the ground and electronically excited OH fragments to be formed with moderate vibrational excitation but with highly rotational excitation. Unlike the dissociation via the lower-lying electronic states, where OH(X) is the major fragment, the OH(A) products are predominant via the Ẽ' state. These products are mainly ascribed to a fast dissociation on the B̃1A1 state surface after nonadiabatic transitions from the initial excited Ẽ' state to the B̃ state. Meanwhile, another dissociation pathway from the Ẽ' state to the 1B2 3pb2 state, followed by coupling to the 1A2 3pb2 state, is also observed, which yields the OH(X) + H and O(3P) + 2H products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Luo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yarui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, P. R. China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Three body photodissociation of the water molecule and its implications for prebiotic oxygen production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2476. [PMID: 33931653 PMCID: PMC8087761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The provenance of oxygen on the Earth and other planets in the Solar System is a fundamental issue. It has been widely accepted that the only prebiotic pathway to produce oxygen in the Earth’s primitive atmosphere was via vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of CO2 and subsequent two O atom recombination. Here, we provide experimental evidence of three-body dissociation (TBD) of H2O to produce O atoms in both 1D and 3P states upon VUV excitation using a tunable VUV free electron laser. Experimental results show that the TBD is the dominant pathway in the VUV H2O photochemistry at wavelengths between 90 and 107.4 nm. The relative abundance of water in the interstellar space with its exposure to the intense VUV radiation suggests that the TBD of H2O and subsequent O atom recombination should be an important prebiotic O2-production, which may need to be incorporated into interstellar photochemical models. Three-body dissociation of water, producing one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, has been difficult to investigate due to the lack of intense vacuum ultraviolet sources. Here, using a tunable free-electron laser, the authors obtain quantum yields for this channel showing that it is a possible route to prebiotic oxygen formation in interstellar environments.
Collapse
|
8
|
Su S, Li H, Huang J, Zhang Z, Liang C, Jiang W, Deng A, Liu K, Shi Z, Qian D, Tao H. Patterning Graphene Films by H 2O-Based Magnetic-Assisted UV Photolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55382-55389. [PMID: 33226760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Properly cutting graphene into certain high-quality micro-/nanoscale structures in a cost-effective way has a critical role. Here, we report a novel approach to pattern graphene films by H2O-based magnetic-assisted ultraviolet (UV) photolysis under irradiation at 184.9 nm. By virtue of the paramagnetic characteristic, the photo-dissociated hydroxyl [OH(X2Π)] radicals are magnetized and have their oxidation capability highly enhanced through converting into an accelerated directional motion. Meanwhile, the precursor of H2O(X̃1A1) molecules distributes uniformly thanks to its weak diamagnetic characteristic, and there exists no instable diamagnetic intermediate to cause lateral oxidation. Possessing these unique traits, the H2O-based magnetic-assisted UV photolysis has the capability of making graphene microscale patterns with the linewidth down to 8.5 μm under a copper grid shadow mask. Furthermore, it is feasible to pattern graphene films into 40 nm-wide ribbons under ZnO nanowires and realize hybrid graphene/ZnO nanoribbon field-effect transistors with a hole mobility up to 7200 cm2·V-1·s-1. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses reveal that OH(X2Π) radicals act as a strong oxidant and that another product of H(12S) adsorbs weakly on graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingxian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aolin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haihua Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang Y, An F, Li Q, Luo Z, Che L, Yang J, Chen Z, Zhang W, Wu G, Hu X, Xie D, Yuan K, Yang X. Electronically Excited OH Super-rotors from Water Photodissociation by Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7617-7623. [PMID: 32830973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation dynamics of water in a superexcited state play an important role in the ionosphere of the planets and in the photodissociation region (PDR) of the planetary nebula. In this Letter, we experimentally study the fragmentation dynamics of H2O with the energy above its ionization potential initiated by vacuum ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses. The experimental results indicate that the binary fragmentation channels H + OH and the triple channels O + 2H both present at 96.4 nm photolysis. Electronically excited OH super-rotors (v = 0, N ≥ 36, or v = 1, N ≥ 34), with the internal energy just above the OH (A) dissociation energy, are observed for the first time, which are only supported by the large centrifugal barriers. An absolute cross section of these super-rotors is estimated to be 0.7(±0.3) × 10-18 cm2. The tunnelling rates of these extremely rotationally excited states are also analyzed. This work shows a spectacular example of energy transfer from a photon to fragment rotation through photodissociation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Feng An
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, P. R. China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang Y, Zhou J, Luo Z, Chen Z, He Z, Yu S, Che L, Wu G, Wang X, Yuan K, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of H 2O and D 2O via the D[combining tilde]( 1A 1) electronic state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4379-4386. [PMID: 31904071 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of H2O and D2O via the D[combining tilde] state by one-photon excitation have been investigated using the H/D atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique. The TOF spectra of the H/D-atom product in both parallel and perpendicular polarizations have been measured. Product translational energy distributions and angular distributions have been derived from TOF spectra. By simulating these distributions, quantum state distributions of the OH/OD product as well as the state-resolved angular anisotropy parameters were determined. The most important pathway of H2O/D2O dissociation via the D[combining tilde] state leads to highly rotationally excited OH/OD(X, v = 0) products, while vibrationally excited OH/OD products with v≥ 1 comprise only one third of the total OH/OD(X) population. The branching ratios of OH(A)/OH(X) and OD(A)/OD(X) have also been determined, 1.0/3.0 for H2O at 122.12 nm and 1.0/2.2 for D2O at 121.95 nm, which are reasonably consistent with the values predicted by the previous theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang Y, Chen Z, Zhou J, Luo Z, He Z, Wu G, Ashfold MNR, Yuan K, Yang X. Striking Isotopologue-Dependent Photodissociation Dynamics of Water Molecules: The Signature of an Accidental Resonance. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4209-4214. [PMID: 31295400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the photofragmentation patterns of both light and heavy water at the state-to-state level are a prerequisite for any thorough understanding of chemical processing and isotope heterogeneity in the interstellar medium. Here we reveal dynamical features of the dissociation of water molecules following excitation to the C̃(010) state using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source in combination with the high-resolution H(D)-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique. The action spectra for forming H(D) atoms and the OH(OD) product state distributions resulting from excitation to the C̃(010) states of H2O and D2O both show striking differences, which are attributable to the effects of an isotopologue-specific accidental resonance. Such accidental-resonance-induced state mixing may contribute to the D/H isotope heterogeneity in the solar system. The present study provides an excellent example of competitive state-to-state nonadiabatic decay pathways involving at least five electronic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Jiami Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Zijie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Zhigang He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hydroxyl super rotors from vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of water. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1250. [PMID: 30890696 PMCID: PMC6424997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (OH) play a central role in the interstellar medium. Here, we observe highly rotationally excited OH radicals with energies above the bond dissociation energy, termed OH "super rotors", from the vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of water. The most highly excited OH(X) super rotors identified at 115.2 nm photolysis have an internal energy of 4.86 eV. A striking enhancement in the yield of vibrationally-excited OH super rotors is detected when exciting the bending vibration of the water molecule. Theoretical analysis shows that bending excitation enhances the probability of non-adiabatic coupling between the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states of water at collinear O-H-H geometries following fast internal conversion from the initially excited [Formula: see text] state. The present study illustrates a route to produce extremely rotationally excited OH(X) radicals from vacuum ultraviolet water photolysis, which may be related to the production of the highly rotationally excited OH(X) radicals observed in the interstellar medium.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Yu Y, Chang Y, Su S, Yu S, Li Q, Tao K, Ding H, Yang J, Wang G, Che L, He Z, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang W, Dai D, Wu G, Yuan K, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of H 2O at 111.5 nm by a vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124301. [PMID: 29604834 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of H2O via the F̃ state at 111.5 nm were investigated using the high resolution H-atom Rydberg "tagging" time-of-flight (TOF) technique, in combination with the tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser at the Dalian Coherent Light Source. The product translational energy distributions and angular distributions in both parallel and perpendicular directions were derived from the recorded TOF spectra. Based on these distributions, the quantum state distributions and angular anisotropy parameters of OH (X) and OH (A) products have been determined. For the OH (A) + H channel, highly rotationally excited OH (A) products have been observed. These products are ascribed to a fast direct dissociation on the B̃1A1 state surface after multi-step internal conversions from the initial excited F̃ state to the B̃ state. While for the OH (X) + H channel, very highly rotationally excited OH (X) products with moderate vibrational excitation are revealed and attributed to the dissociation via a nonadiabatic pathway through the well-known two conical intersections between the B̃-state and the X̃-state surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heilong Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrui Yu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jaiyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Che
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingan Wang
- Center for Advanced Chemical Physics (iChEM, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu X, Zhou L, Xie D. State-to-state photodissociation dynamics of the water molecule. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Hu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Linsen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM USA
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su S, Wang H, Chen Z, Yu S, Dai D, Yuan K, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of HOD via the B̃ ((1)A1) electronic state. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:184302. [PMID: 26567657 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of HOD from the B̃ state has been studied using H/D atom Rydberg "tagging" time-of-flight technique. Both the OD + H and OH + D channels have been investigated. Product kinetic energy distributions, internal state distributions of the OD/OH product, as well as the OD/OH quantum state specific angular anisotropy parameters have been determined. Overall, the photodissociation dynamics of HOD via the B̃ state is qualitatively similar to that of the H2O and D2O, with quantitative differences arising probably from the change in masses. At different photolysis energies, similar rovibrational distributions and state-resolved angular distributions have been observed for the OH/OD(X) product, while remarkable differences have been observed in the rovibrational distributions and state-resolved angular distributions of the OH/OD(A) product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengrui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou L, Xie D. Full-Dimensional Quantum Dynamics of Vibrational Mediated Photodissociation of HOD in Its B Band. J Phys Chem A 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Zhou
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Synergetic
Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ruberti M, Yun R, Gokhberg K, Kopelke S, Cederbaum LS, Tarantelli F, Averbukh V. Total photoionization cross-sections of excited electronic states by the algebraic diagrammatic construction-Stieltjes-Lanczos method. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:184107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4874269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
18
|
van Dishoeck EF, Herbst E, Neufeld DA. Interstellar water chemistry: from laboratory to observations. Chem Rev 2013; 113:9043-85. [PMID: 24261880 DOI: 10.1021/cr4003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Yu S, Su S, Zhang Y, Dai D, Yuan K, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of C4H2 at 164.41 nm: competitive dissociation pathways. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:124307. [PMID: 24089767 DOI: 10.1063/1.4821767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of C4H2 at 164.41 nm through the Rydberg state R((1)Σu) have been studied using the high-resolution H atom Rydberg tagging technique. Experimental evidences show that two different predissociation pathways exist to form the ground C4H (X(2)Σ(+)) and electronically excited C4H (A(2)Π) products: the former has statistical and isotropic translational energy distribution through internal conversion (IC) to the ground state, while the latter has non-statistical and anisotropic translational energy distribution through IC to the excited repulsive state. The vibrational progressions of C4H (A(2)Π) products have also been observed and assigned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Yu
- State key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Photochemical reaction processes during vacuum-ultraviolet irradiation of water ice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Koning J, Kroes GJ, Arasa C. Isotope effects on the photodesorption processes of X2O (X = H,D) and HOD ice. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4793733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
22
|
Yuan K, Dixon RN, Yang X. Photochemistry of the water molecule: adiabatic versus nonadiabatic dynamics. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:369-78. [PMID: 21428277 DOI: 10.1021/ar100153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water and light are two common constituents of both the earth's atmosphere and interstellar space. Consequently, water photodissociation is a central component of the chemistry of these environments. Electronically excited molecules can dissociate adiabatically (on a single potential energy surface, or PES) or nonadiabatically (with transfer between PESs), and water serves as a prototype for understanding these two processes in unimolecular dissociation. In recent years, extensive experimental and theoretical studies have been focused on water photolysis, particularly on the primary product of the dissociation, the OH radical. The use of the high-resolution H-atom Rydberg tagging technique, in combination with various vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) sources, has spurred significant advances in water photochemistry. As the excitation energy increases, different excited electronic states of water can be reached, and the mutual interactions between these states increase significantly. In this Account, we present the most recent developments in water photodissociation that have been derived from the study of the four lowest electronic excited states. The Ã(1)B(1) state photodissociation of H(2)O has been studied at 157.6 nm and was found to be a fast and direct dissociation process on a single repulsive surface, with only vibrational excitation of the OH(X(2)Π) product. In contrast, the dissociation of the B̃(1)A(1) state was found to proceed via two main routes: one adiabatic pathway leading to OH(A(2)Σ(+)) + H, and one nonadiabatic pathway to OH(X(2)Π) + H through conical intersections between the B̃ state and the ground state X̃(1)A(1). An interesting quantum interference between two conical intersection pathways has also been observed. In addition, photodissociation of H(2)O between 128 and 133 nm has been studied with tunable VUV radiation. Experimental results illustrate that excitation to the different unstable resonances of the state has very different effects on the OH(X(2)Π) and OH(A(2)Σ(+)) product channels. The C̃(1)B(1) state of H(2)O is a predissociative Rydberg state with fully resolved rotational structures. A striking variation in the OH product state distribution and its stereodynamics has been observed for different rotational states. There are two kinds of nonadiabatic dissociation routes on the C̃ state. The first involves Renner-Teller (electronic Coriolis) coupling to the B̃ state, leading to rotationally hot and vibrationally cold OH products. The second goes through a newly discovered homogeneous nonadiabatic coupling to the à state, leading to rotationally cold and vibrationally hot OH products. But the D̃(1)A(1) state shows no rotational structure and leads to a fast, homogeneous, purely electronic predissociation to the B̃ state. These studies demonstrate the truly fascinating nature of water photochemistry, which is extremely variable because of the different electronic states and their interactions. The results also provide a rather complete picture of water photochemistry and should be helpful in the modeling of interstellar chemistry, with its abundant VUV radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Richard N. Dixon
- School of Chemistry,University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng LN, Cheng Y, Yuan KJ, Guo Q, Wang T, Dai DX, Yang XM. Photodissociation of HOD via the C̃1B 1State: OD/OH Branching Ratio and OD Bond Dissociation Energy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/02/129-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
Cheng Y, Cheng L, Guo Q, Yuan K, Dai D, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of D2O via the B̃(A11) electronic state. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:104305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3555589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
25
|
Cheng Y, Yuan K, Cheng L, Guo Q, Dai D, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of H2O: Effect of unstable resonances on the B̃1A1 electronic state. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:064301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3554213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
26
|
Yang X. Probing state-to-state reaction dynamics using H-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8112-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Andersson S, Arasa C, Yabushita A, Yokoyama M, Hama T, Kawasaki M, Western CM, Ashfold MNR. A theoretical and experimental study on translational and internal energies of H2O and OH from the 157 nm irradiation of amorphous solid water at 90 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15810-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Yuan K, Cheng Y, Cheng L, Guo Q, Dai D, Yang X, Dixon RN. Quantum state-selected photodissociation dynamics of H2O: Two-photon dissociation via the C̃ electronic state. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:134301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3487736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Cheng Y, Cheng L, Guo Q, Yuan K, Dai D, Wang X, Dixon RN, Yang X. Rotational state specific dissociation dynamics of D2O via the C̃ electronic state. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:034307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3457942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
30
|
Yuan K, Cheng L, Cheng Y, Guo Q, Dai D, Yang X. Two-photon photodissociation dynamics of H2O via the D electronic state. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:074301. [PMID: 19708741 DOI: 10.1063/1.3168398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of H(2)O via the D state by two-photon absorption have been investigated using the H-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique. The action spectrum of the D<--X transition band has been measured. The predissociation lifetime of the D state is determined to be about 13.5 fs. The quantum state-resolved OH product translational energy distributions and angular distributions have also been measured. By carefully simulating these distributions, quantum state distributions of the OH product as well as the state-resolved angular anisotropy parameters were determined. The most important pathway of the H(2)O dissociation via the D state leads to the highly rotationally excited OH(X,v=0) products. Vibrationally excited OH(X) products (up to v=10) and electronically excited OH(A,v=0,1,2) have also been observed. The OH(A)/OH(X) branching ratios are determined to be 17.9% at 244.540 nm (2omega(1)=81,761.4 cm(-1)) and 19.9% at 244.392 nm (2omega(2)=81,811 cm(-1)), which are considerably smaller than the value predicted by the theory. These discrepancies are attributed to the nonadiabatic coupling effect between the B and D surfaces at the bent geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hama T, Yabushita A, Yokoyama M, Kawasaki M, Watanabe N. Formation mechanisms of oxygen atoms in the O(D21) state from the 157nm photoirradiation of amorphous water ice at 90K. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:114510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
32
|
Hama T, Yabushita A, Yokoyama M, Kawasaki M, Watanabe N. Formation mechanisms of oxygen atoms in the O((3)P(J)) state from the 157 nm photoirradiation of amorphous water ice at 90 K. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:114511. [PMID: 19778133 DOI: 10.1063/1.3194797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Desorption of ground state O((3)P(J=2,1,0)) atoms following the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of water ice in the first absorption band was directly measured with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) method. Based on their translational energy distributions and evolution behavior, two different formation mechanisms are proposed: One is exothermic recombination reaction of OH radicals, OH+OH-->H(2)O+O((3)P(J)) and the other is the photodissociation of OH radicals on the surface of amorphous solid water. The translational and internal energy distributions of OH radicals as well as the evolution behavior were also measured by REMPI to elucidate the roles of H(2)O(2) and OH in the O((3)P(J)) formation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hama T, Yabushita A, Yokoyama M, Kawasaki M, Andersson S. Desorption of hydroxyl radicals in the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of amorphous solid water at 90 K. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:054508. [PMID: 19673575 DOI: 10.1063/1.3191731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the desorption dynamics of OH radicals from the 157 nm photodissociation of amorphous solid water (ASW) as well as H(2)O(2) deposited on an ASW surface at 90 K. The translational and internal energy distributions of OH were measured using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization methods. These distributions are compared to reported molecular dynamics calculations for the condensed phase photodissociation of water ice and also reported results for the gas phase photodissociation of H(2)O at 157 nm. We have confirmed that OH radicals are produced from two different mechanisms: one from primary photolysis of surface H(2)O of ASW, and the other being secondary photolysis of H(2)O(2) photoproducts on the ASW surface after prolonged irradiation at 157 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Trushin SA, Schmid WE, Fuß W. A time constant of 1.8fs in the dissociation of water excited at 162nm. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
35
|
Nonadiabatic dissociation dynamics in H2O: Competition between rotationally and nonrotationally mediated pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:19148-53. [PMID: 19047628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807719105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemistry of H(2)O in the VUV region is important in interstellar chemistry. Whereas previous studies of the photodissociation used excitation via unbound states, we have used a tunable VUV photolysis source to excite individual levels of the rotationally structured C state near 124 nm. The ensuing OH product state distributions were recorded by using the H-atom Rydberg tagging technique. Experimental results indicate a dramatic variation in the OH product state distributions and its stereodynamics for different resonant states. Photodissociation of H(2)O(C) in rotational states with k'(a) = 0 occurs exclusively through a newly discovered homogeneous coupling to the A state, leading to OH products that are vibrationally hot (up to v = 13), but rotationally cold. In contrast, for H(2)O in rotationally excited states with k'(a) > 0, an additional pathway opens through Coriolis-type coupling to the B state surface. This yields extremely rotationally hot and vibrationally cold ground state OH(X) and electronically excited OH(A) products, through 2 different mechanisms. In the case of excitation via the 1(10) <-- 0(00) transition the H atoms for these 2 product channels are ejected in completely different directions. Quantum dynamical models for the C-state photodissociation clearly support this remarkable dynamical picture, providing a uniquely detailed illustration of nonadiabatic dynamics involving at least 4 electronic surfaces.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lu IC, Wang F, Yuan K, Cheng Y, Yang X. Nonstatistical spin dynamics in photodissociation of H2O at 157 nm. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:066101. [PMID: 18282078 DOI: 10.1063/1.2830710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chung Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rubio M, Serrano-Andrés L, Merchán M. Excited states of the water molecule: Analysis of the valence and Rydberg character. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:104305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2837827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
38
|
|
39
|
Akagi H, Fukazawa H, Yokoyama K, Yokoyama A. Selective OD bond dissociation of HOD: photodissociation of vibrationally excited HOD in the 5nu(OD) state. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:184305. [PMID: 16292906 DOI: 10.1063/1.2104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusively selective OD bond dissociation of HOD has been demonstrated by the ultraviolet photodissociation at 243.1 nm through the fourth overtone state of the OD stretching mode (5nu(OD)). Branching ratio between the OH and OD bond dissociation channels has been determined by detecting H and D atoms, utilizing a (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) process. The OD bond dissociation has been solely observed with the branching ratio phi(D+OH)/phi(H+OD)>12, which has been determined by the detection limit for the H atom. Time-dependent wave-packet calculations reveal two important features for the highly selective OD bond dissociation: (1) strong local-mode character of the 5nu(OD) state and (2) limitation of the total excitation energy lower than the saddle point between the OH and OD dissociation channels in the A state. Additionally, the recoil velocity and angular distribution of the nascent D atom are roughly evaluated by analyzing the Doppler-resolved REMPI spectrum. Based on these results, the dynamics of the selective OD dissociation has been discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akagi
- Department of Materials Science, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang * X. State-to-state dynamics of elementary chemical reactions using Rydberg H-atom translational spectroscopy. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350500163806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
41
|
Umemoto H, Oku M. Production Yields of H(D) Atoms in the Reactions of N2(a′1Σu−) with H2O, D2O, and HOD. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
We discuss experiments on the dynamics of photodissociation that employ methods to select the energy, sometimes quantum states, of the reactant and to determine the quantum states and energy, sometimes also the orientation and alignment, of products. A summary of new advances of experimental methods is followed by applications to photodissociation of various types. Representative examples of simple bond fission, molecular elimination, and three-body dissociation with determined electronic states-sometimes the orientation of their angular momentum-of product atoms or distributions of electronic and internal states of product molecules illustrate the detailed information and insight that one can derive from such experiments. Photodissociation of van der Waals complexes, ions, species adsorbed on surfaces, and species in solution is excluded from this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Umemoto H, Ozeki R, Ueda M, Oku M. Reactions of N2(a′ 1Σu−) with H2, CH4, and their isotopic variants: Rate constants and the production yields of H(D) atoms. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1502642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
44
|
van Harrevelt R, van Hemert MC. Photodissociation of water in the à band revisited with new potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1370946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|