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Experiments on collisional energy transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64207-3.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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2
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Mu B, Cui X, Shen Y, Dai K. State-resolved collisional relaxation of highly vibrationally excited CsH by CO2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 148:299-310. [PMID: 25909904 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quenching of highly vibrationally excited CsH(X(1)Σ(+), v=15-23) by collisions with CO2 was investigated. A significant fraction of the initial population of highly vibrationally excited CsH(v=22) was relaxed to a low vibrational level (Δv=-5). The near-resonant 5-1 vibration-to-vibration (V-V) energy was efficiently exchanged. The rate constants for the rotational levels of CO2(00(0)0) [J=36-60] and CO2(00(0)1) [J=5-31] from the collisions with excited CsH were determined. The experiments revealed that the collisions resulting in CO2(00(0)0) were accompanied by substantial excitation in rotation and translation. The vibrationally excited CO2(00(0)1) state exhibited rotational and translational energy distributions near those of the initial state. The total quenching rates relative to the probed state of excited CsH were determined for both CO2 states. The corresponding data indicated that the gains in the rotational and translational energies in CO2 were sensitive to the collisional depletion of excited CsH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Mu
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Physics, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Xiuhua Cui
- Department of Physics, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Physics, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Kang Dai
- Department of Physics, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Steill JD, Jasper AW, Chandler DW. Determination of the collisional energy transfer distribution responsible for the collision-induced dissociation of NO2 with Ar. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Kim K, Johnson AM, Powell AL, Mitchell DG, Sevy ET. High resolution IR diode laser study of collisional energy transfer between highly vibrationally excited monofluorobenzene and CO2: the effect of donor fluorination on strong collision energy transfer. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:234306. [PMID: 25527934 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collisional energy transfer between vibrational ground state CO2 and highly vibrationally excited monofluorobenzene (MFB) was studied using narrow bandwidth (0.0003 cm(-1)) IR diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Highly vibrationally excited MFB with E' = ∼41,000 cm(-1) was prepared by 248 nm UV excitation followed by rapid radiationless internal conversion to the electronic ground state (S1→S0*). The amount of vibrational energy transferred from hot MFB into rotations and translations of CO2 via collisions was measured by probing the scattered CO2 using the IR diode laser. The absolute state specific energy transfer rate constants and scattering probabilities for single collisions between hot MFB and CO2 were measured and used to determine the energy transfer probability distribution function, P(E,E'), in the large ΔE region. P(E,E') was then fit to a bi-exponential function and extrapolated to the low ΔE region. P(E,E') and the biexponential fit data were used to determine the partitioning between weak and strong collisions as well as investigate molecular properties responsible for large collisional energy transfer events. Fermi's Golden rule was used to model the shape of P(E,E') and identify which donor vibrational motions are primarily responsible for energy transfer. In general, the results suggest that low-frequency MFB vibrational modes are primarily responsible for strong collisions, and govern the shape and magnitude of P(E,E'). Where deviations from this general trend occur, vibrational modes with large negative anharmonicity constants are more efficient energy gateways than modes with similar frequency, while vibrational modes with large positive anharmonicity constants are less efficient at energy transfer than modes of similar frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Alan M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Amber L Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Deborah G Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Eric T Sevy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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5
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Hsu HC, Tsai MT, Dyakov YA, Ni CK. Energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited molecules studied by crossed molecular beam/time-sliced velocity map ion imaging. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.673282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Hsu HC, Tsai MT, Dyakov YA, Ni CK. Alkylation effects on the energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited naphthalene. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:3048-53. [PMID: 21780292 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited isomers of dimethylnaphthalene and 2-ethylnaphthalene in collisions with krypton were investigated using crossed molecular beam/time-of-flight mass spectrometer/time-sliced velocity map ion imaging techniques at a collision energy of approximately 300 cm(-1). Angular-resolved energy-transfer distribution functions were obtained directly from the images of inelastic scattering. The results show that alkyl-substituted naphthalenes transfer more vibrational energy to translational energy than unsubstituted naphthalene. Alkylation enhances the V→T energy transfer in the range -ΔE(d)=-100~-1500 cm(-1) by approximately a factor of 2. However, the maximum values of V→T energy transfer for alkyl-substituted naphthalenes are about 1500~2000 cm(-1), which is similar to that of naphthalene. The lack of rotation-like wide-angle motion of the aromatic ring and no enhancement in very large V→T energy transfer, like supercollisions, indicates that very large V→T energy transfer requires special vibrational motions. This transfer cannot be achieved by the low-frequency vibrational motions of alkyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Chen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Qiu XJ, Zhu RS, Xu YQ, Bumaliya A, Zhang S, Zhang B. Ultrafast Dynamics Through Conical Intersections in 2,6-dimethylpyridine Studied with Time-resolved Photoelectron Imaging. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/05/551-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abulimiti B, Zhu R, Long J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Ghazal AY, Yang M, Zhang B. Study of ultrafast dynamics of 2-picoline by time-resolved photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:234301. [PMID: 21702550 DOI: 10.1063/1.3600334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of electronically excited states in 2-picoline is studied using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. The internal conversion from the S(2) state to the vibrationally excited S(1) state is observed in real time. The secondarily populated high vibronic S(1) state deactivates further to the S(0) state. Photoelectron energy and angular distributions reveal the feature of ionization from the singlet 3p Rydberg states. In addition, variation of time-dependent anisotropy parameters indicates the rotational coherence of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumaliya Abulimiti
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Strekalov M. The role of state density in collisions of highly excited molecules: An exponential decay function for the transition probability. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Havey DK, Du J, Liu Q, Mullin AS. Full State-Resolved Energy Gain Profiles of CO2 (J = 2−80) from Collisions of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules. 1. Relaxation of Pyrazine (E = 37900 cm−1). J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1569-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Havey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Qingnan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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Havey D, Long D, Okumura M, Miller C, Hodges J. Ultra-sensitive optical measurements of high-J transitions in the O2 A-band. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Pillsbury NR, Müller CW, Zwier TS. Conformational Isomerization and Collisional Cooling Dynamics of Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5013-21. [PMID: 19348453 DOI: 10.1021/jp809870v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Pillsbury
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Christian W. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Timothy S. Zwier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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Liu Q, Havey DK, Li Z, Mullin AS. Effects of Alkylation on Deviations from Lennard−Jones Collision Rates for Highly Excited Aromatic Molecules: Collisions of Methylated Pyridines with HOD. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4387-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811077p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20705
| | - Daniel K. Havey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20705
| | - Ziman Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20705
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20705
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Du J, Yuan L, Hsieh S, Lin F, Mullin AS. Dynamics of Weak and Strong Collisions: Highly Vibrationally Excited Pyrazine (E = 37900 cm−1) with DCl. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9396-404. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Liwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Shizuka Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Felix Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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Liu Q, Havey DK, Mullin AS. Energy Transfer Dynamics in the Presence of Preferential Hydrogen Bonding: Collisions of Highly Vibrationally Excited Pyridine-h5, -d5, and -f5 with Water. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9509-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802326t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Daniel K. Havey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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Hsu HC, Liu CL, Hsu YC, Ni CK. Energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited 2-methylnaphthalene: Methylation effects. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:044301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2953570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Yuan L, Du J, Mullin AS. Energy-dependent dynamics of large-ΔE collisions: Highly vibrationally excited azulene (E=20390 and 38580cm−1) with CO2. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:014303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2943668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Johnson JA, Kim K, Mayhew M, Mitchell DG, Sevy ET. Rotationally resolved IR-diode laser studies of ground-state CO2 excited by collisions with vibrationally excited pyridine. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2543-52. [PMID: 18321080 DOI: 10.1021/jp076543d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Relaxation of highly vibrationally excited pyridine (C5NH5) by collisions with carbon dioxide has been investigated using diode laser transient absorption spectroscopy. Vibrationally hot pyridine (E' = 40,660 cm(-1)) was prepared by 248 nm excimer laser excitation followed by rapid radiationless relaxation to the ground electronic state. Pyridine then collides with CO2, populating the high rotational CO2 states with large amounts of translational energy. The CO2 nascent rotational population distribution of the high-J (J = 58-80) tail of the 00(0)0 state was probed at short times following the excimer laser pulse to measure rate constants and probabilities for collisions populating these CO2 rotational states. Doppler spectroscopy was used to measure the CO2 recoil velocity distribution for J = 58-80 of the 00(0)0 state. The energy-transfer distribution function, P(E,E'), from E' - E approximately 1300-7000 cm(-1) was obtained by re-sorting the state-indexed energy-transfer probabilities as a function of DeltaE. P(E,E') is fit to an exponential or biexponential function to determine the average energy transferred in a single collision between pyridine and CO2. Also obtained are fit parameters that can be compared to previously studied systems (pyrazine, C6F6, methylpyrazine, and pyrimidine/CO2). Although the rotational and translational temperatures that describe pyridine/CO2 energy transfer are similar to previous systems, the energy-transfer probabilities are much smaller. P(E,E') fit parameters for pyridine/CO2 and the four previously studied systems are compared to various donor molecular properties. Finally, P(E,E') is analyzed in the context of two models, one indicating that P(E,E') shape is primarily determined by the low-frequency out-of-plane donor vibrational modes, and the other that indicates that P(E,E') shape can be determined from how the donor molecule final density of states changes with DeltaE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Johnson JA, Duffin AM, Hom BJ, Jackson KE, Sevy ET. Quenching of highly vibrationally excited pyrimidine by collisions with CO2. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:054304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2825599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Mitchell DG, Johnson AM, Johnson JA, Judd KA, Kim K, Mayhew M, Powell AL, Sevy ET. Collisional Relaxation of the Three Vibrationally Excited Difluorobenzene Isomers by Collisions with CO2: Effect of Donor Vibrational Mode. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1157-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0771365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah G. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Alan M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Jeremy A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Kortney A. Judd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Kilyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Maurine Mayhew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Amber L. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Eric T. Sevy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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Duffin AM, Johnson JA, Muyskens MA, Sevy ET. Competition between Photochemistry and Energy Transfer in UV-Excited Diazabenzenes. 4. UV Photodissociation of 2,3-, 2,5-, and 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:13330-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0762471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Duffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Jeremy A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Mark A. Muyskens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Eric T. Sevy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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Liu Q, Du J, Havey DK, Li Z, Miller EM, Mullin AS. Alkylation effects on strong collisions of highly vibrationally excited alkylated pyridines with CO2. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4073-80. [PMID: 17388383 DOI: 10.1021/jp067743c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of alkylation on the energy partitioning in strong collisions with CO2 was investigated for highly vibrationally excited 2-ethylpyridine (2EP) and 2-propylpyridine (2PP) prepared with E(vib) approximately 38,570 and 38,870 cm(-1), respectively, using lambda = 266 nm light. Nascent energy gain in CO2 (00(0)0) rotation and translation was measured with high-resolution transient absorption spectroscopy at lambda approximately 4.3 microm and the results are compared to earlier relaxation studies of pyridine (E(vib) = 37,950 cm(-1)) and 2-methylpyridine (2MP, Evib = 38,330 cm(-1)). Overall, the alkylated donors impart less rotational and translational energy to CO2 than does pyridine. 2PP consistently imparts more translational energy in collisions than does 2EP and has larger energy transfer rates. Of the alkylated donors, 2MP and 2PP have larger probabilities for strong collisional energy transfer than does 2EP. Two competing processes are discussed: donors with longer alkyl chains have lower average energy per mode and fewer strong collisions but longer alkyl chains increase donor flexibility, leading to higher state densities that enhance energy loss via strong collisions. A comparison of state density effects based on Fermi's Golden Rule shows that 2PP has more strong collisions than predicted while 2EP has fewer. The role of torsional motion in the hot donors is considered. Comparison of effective impact parameters shows that the alkylated donors undergo strong collisions with CO2 via a less repulsive part of the intermolecular potential than does pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Liu CL, Hsu HC, Lyu JJ, Ni CK. Energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited azulene. III. Collisions between azulene and argon. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:204309. [PMID: 17144702 DOI: 10.1063/1.2388267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy transfer dynamics between highly vibrationally excited azulene molecules (37 582 cm(-1) internal energy) and Ar atoms in a series of collision energies (200, 492, 747, and 983 cm(-1)) was studied using a crossed-beam apparatus along with time-sliced velocity map ion imaging techniques. The angular resolved collisional energy-transfer probability distribution functions were measured directly from the scattering results of highly vibrationally excited azulene. Direct T-VR energy transfer was found to be quite efficient. In some instances, nearly all of the translational energy is transferred to vibrational/rotational energy. On the other hand, only a small fraction of vibrational energy is converted to translational energy (V-T). Significant amount of energy transfer from vibration to translation was observed at large collision energies in backward and sideway directions. The ratios of total cross sections between T-VR and V-T increases as collision energy increases. Formation of azulene-argon complexes during the collision was observed at low enough collision energies. The complexes make only minor contributions to the measured translational to vibrational/rotational (T-VR) energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Miller EM, Murat L, Bennette N, Hayes M, Mullin AS. Relaxation dynamics of highly vibrationally excited picoline isomers (E(vib) = 38 300 cm(-1)) with CO2: the role of state density in impulsive collisions. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3266-72. [PMID: 16509652 DOI: 10.1021/jp054762y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strong collisions of highly vibrationally excited picoline isomers and CO2 (00(0)0) were investigated using high resolution transient IR absorption probing to investigate the role of donor state density. Vibrationally excited 3-picoline and 4-picoline (3-methylpyridine and 4 methylpyridine) with E(vib) = 38300 cm(-1) were prepared by 266 nm excitation followed by rapid internal conversion. Transient IR probe measurements of the nascent rotational and translational energy gain in CO2 (00(0)0) show that large DeltaE collisions for 3- and 4-picoline are similar to those for excited 2-picoline. The probability distributions for the large DeltaE energy transfer of the three isomers have similar dependence on DeltaE. The results are compared with other earlier results demonstrating that the shape of the large DeltaE probability distribution correlates with the DeltaE dependence of the donor vibrational state density. The results are discussed in terms of the GRETCHEN model for collisional relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Liu CL, Hsu HC, Lyu JJ, Ni CK. Energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited azulene: Collisions between azulene and krypton. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:054302. [PMID: 16468864 DOI: 10.1063/1.2150468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy-transfer dynamics between highly vibrationally excited azulene molecules and Kr atoms in a series of collision energies (i.e., relative translational energies 170, 410, and 780 cm(-1)) was studied using a crossed-beam apparatus along with time-sliced velocity map ion imaging techniques. "Hot" azulene (4.66 eV internal energy) was formed via the rapid internal conversion of azulene initially excited to the S4 state by 266-nm photons. The shapes of the collisional energy-transfer probability density functions were measured directly from the scattering results of highly vibrationally excited or hot azulene. At low enough collision energies an azulene-Kr complex was observed, resulting from small amounts of translational to vibrational-rotational (T-VR) energy transfer. T-VR energy transfer was found to be quite efficient. In some instances, nearly all of the translational energy is transferred to vibrational-rotational energy. On the other hand, only a small fraction of vibrational energy is converted to translational energy (V-T). The shapes of V-T energy-transfer probability density functions were best fit by multiexponential functions. We find that substantial amounts of energy are transferred in the backward scattering direction due to supercollisions at high collision energies. The probability for supercollisions, defined arbitrarily as the scattered azulene in the region 160 degrees <theta<180 degrees and DeltaEd>2000 cm(-1) is 1% and 0.3% of all other collisions at collision energies 410 and 780 cm(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Li Z, Korobkova E, Werner K, Shum L, Mullin AS. State-resolved collisional quenching of vibrationally excited pyrazine (E(vib) = 37,900 cm(-1)) by D35Cl(v = 0). J Chem Phys 2005; 123:174306. [PMID: 16375527 DOI: 10.1063/1.2098647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercollision relaxation of highly vibrationally excited pyrazine (E(vib) = 37,900 cm(-1)) with D35Cl is investigated using high-resolution transient IR diode laser absorption spectroscopy at 4.4 microm. Highly excited pyrazine is prepared by pulsed UV excitation at 266 nm, followed by rapid radiationless decay to the ground electronic state. The rotational energy distribution of the scattered DCl (v = 0,J) molecules with J = 15-21 is characterized by T(rot) = 755+/-90 K. The relative translational energy increases as a function of rotational quantum number for DCl with T(rel) = 710+/-190 K for J = 15 and T(rel) = 1270+/-240 K for J = 21. The average change in recoil velocity correlates with the change in rotational angular momentum quantum number and highlights the role of angular momentum in energy gain partitioning. The integrated energy-transfer rate for appearance of DCl (v = 0,J = 15-21) is k(2)(int) = 7.1x10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), approximately one-eighth the Lennard-Jones collision rate. The results are compared to earlier energy gain measurements of CO2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziman Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Li Z, Sansom R, Bonella S, Coker DF, Mullin AS. Trajectory Study of Supercollision Relaxation in Highly Vibrationally Excited Pyrazine and CO2. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7657-66. [PMID: 16834139 DOI: 10.1021/jp0525336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical trajectory calculations were performed to simulate state-resolved energy transfer experiments of highly vibrationally excited pyrazine (E(vib) = 37,900 cm(-1)) and CO(2), which were conducted using a high-resolution transient infrared absorption spectrometer. The goal here is to use classical trajectories to simulate the supercollision energy transfer pathway wherein large amounts of energy are transferred in single collisions in order to compare with experimental results. In the trajectory calculations, Newton's laws of motion are used for the molecular motion, isolated molecules are treated as collections of harmonic oscillators, and intermolecular potentials are formed by pairwise Lennard-Jones potentials. The calculations qualitatively reproduce the observed energy partitioning in the scattered CO(2) molecules and show that the relative partitioning between bath rotation and translation is dependent on the moment of inertia of the bath molecule. The simulations show that the low-frequency modes of the vibrationally excited pyrazine contribute most to the strong collisions. The majority of collisions lead to small DeltaE values and primarily involve single encounters between the energy donor and acceptor. The large DeltaE exchanges result from both single impulsive encounters and chattering collisions that involve multiple encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziman Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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28
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Tasić US, Parmenter CS. Test of a chemical timing method for measuring absolute vibrational relaxation rate constants for S1 p-difluorobenzene. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:8297-303. [PMID: 16851972 DOI: 10.1021/jp040396r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chemical timing (CT) method for measuring absolute rate constants for collisional vibrational relaxation has been tested for the 5(1) state of S(1) p-difluorobenzene (pDFB) where an alternative method exists to provide benchmark values. The CT method was originally developed to treat vibrational energy transfer (VET) in large molecules excited to high vibrational levels where the intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) resulting from large vibrational state densities completely eliminates vibrational structure in the emission spectrum. Here we apply the same method to a low-lying state (5(1) with epsilon(vib) = 818 cm(-1)) located in the low-density region of the vibrational manifold where IVR plays no role. For high vibrational levels, the chemical timing method involves addition of high O(2) pressures (kTorr) to a low-pressure pDFB sample, introducing vibrational structure in the fluorescence spectrum. Response of this spectrum to vibrational relaxation by Ar is then examined. For levels such as 5(1), the fully structured fluorescence spectrum allows the rate constant for single-collision VET into the surrounding vibrational field to be measured directly without the presence of O(2). The measurements of 5(1) VET have been repeated with various O(2) pressures (kTorr) for comparison with the O(2)-free benchmark. In the presence of O(2), the rate constant for VET by Ar is (4.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(6) Torr(-1) s(-1) and independent of high O(2) pressure variations. The rate constant as found by the standard O(2)-free method is (3.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(6) Torr(-1) s(-1). This comparison suggests that the chemical timing method is capable of providing a reasonably accurate measure of the VET rate constant for high vibrational levels provided that details of the kinetics are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros S Tasić
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Higgins CJ, Chapman S. Collisional Energy Transfer between Hot Pyrazine and Cold CO: A Classical Trajectory Study. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040140l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cortney J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
| | - Sally Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
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Tasic US, Parmenter CS. A Chemical Timing Method for Absolute Vibrational Relaxation Rate Constants in the Vibrational Quasi-Continuum Region of S1 p-Difluorobenzene. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031298t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uros S. Tasic
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Nilsson D, Nordholm S. Modeling energy transfer in molecular collisions: Statistical theory versus experiment for highly excited toluene and azulene. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1622383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Waclawik ER, Lawrance WD. Relaxation of the 6 Vibrational Level in 1B2u Benzene by Polyatomic Colliders at Ultralow Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Waclawik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Warren D. Lawrance
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide South Australia 5001, Australia
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