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Bhowmick S, Maisser A, Suleimanov YV, Schmidt-Ott A, Biskos G. Electronic Structure, Stability, and Electrical Mobility of Cationic Silver Oxide Atomic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6376-6386. [PMID: 36099558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver oxide cluster cations (AgnOm+) can readily be produced by a number of methods including atmospheric-pressure spark ablation of pure silver electrodes when trace amounts of oxygen are present in the carrier gas. Here we determine the equilibrium geometries of AgnOm+ clusters (n = 1-4; m = 1-5) using accurate coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD) method, while the stabilization energies are calculated with additional perturbative triples correction (CCSD(T)). Although a number of stable states have been identified, our results show that the AgnOm+ clusters with m = 1 are more stable than those with m ≥ 2 due to the absence of the terminally attached O2 molecule, corroborating recent observations by mass spectrometry. Using the computed structures, we calculate the electrical mobilities of the AgnOm+ clusters and label the values on a respective experimentally determined spectrum in an attempt to better interpret the occurrence of the peaks and troughs in the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bhowmick
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Anne Maisser
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Yury V Suleimanov
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Schmidt-Ott
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - George Biskos
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.,Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands
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2
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Wang C, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Song D, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Shen X. Dissociative chemisorption of O2 on Agn and Agn−1Ir (n = 3–26) clusters: a first-principle study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9053-9066. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lower dissociation barriers and higher reaction rates of O2 on doped Agn−1Ir clusters, and a gradually weakened dopant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yongpeng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Dandan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yun Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical Computational Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical Computational Chemistry
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3
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Fernández EM, Balbás LC. Study of odd-even effects in physisorption and chemisorption of Ar, N 2, O 2 and NO on open shell Ag 11-13+ clusters by means of self-consistent van der Waals density functional calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25158-25174. [PMID: 31693027 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption and coadsorption properties of one or more X = Ar, N2, O2, and NO adsorbates on cationic silver clusters Ag11-13+, whose sizes are in the open shell region of metal clusters, aiming to understand the observed odd-even effects in the abundance spectra of Ag11-13+·mX complexes. All calculations were performed self-consistently using a non-local van der Waals correlation functional, covering the different nature of the interactions between the silver substrate and the several adsorbates, which range from dispersion (London) forces for Ar, non covalent π-π interactions for N2, charge-transfer interactions for O2 and NO, and the covalent Ag-Ag bond in the nude silver cluster. Despite the wide interval of adsorption energies, spanning two orders of magnitude, we have been able to explain the following experimental facts. For X = Ar, N2, and O2 reactions with Ag11-13+, it was observed in the mass spectra an abundance peak at n = 12 [M. Schmidt, et al., ChemPhysChem, 2015, 16, 855]. In addition it was observed the competitive adsorption of two or more N2 molecules, and the cooperative effect of adsorbing N2 together with O2 molecules. For X = NO, an abundance peak at n = 12 has been also observed [J. Ma, et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 12819]. We find that the main factors determining these properties are the different core motifs of the cluster geometry (pentagonal bipiramid for Ag11+ and Ag13+, but triangular prism for Ag12+) and, on the other hand, the odd number of valence electrons for Ag12+, leading to a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than those of its neighbours. Further details about the preferred adsorption sites, dipole moments, and dipole polarizabilities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Fernández
- Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis C Balbás
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
Abstract
We present adsorption processes of dinitrogen on size-selected silver cluster cations, Ag
n
+ (n = 1–10), studied by kinetics measurement using an ion trap. The cluster ions showed sequential adsorption of N2 molecules when the ion trap was cooled down to 105 K, excluding n = 8 and 9 that were exceptionally inactive at this temperature. Termolecular rate coefficients of each adsorption step are determined by analyzing time-dependent changes in the reactant and product ion signals. The first-step rate coefficients were found to increase exponentially from n = 1 to 7 due to increased internal degrees of freedom at larger sizes, which are favorable for accommodating the adsorption energy in a free cluster. In contrast, the adsorption rate turned to decrease for n > 7 due to weaker binding of dinitrogen as revealed by density-functional-theory (DFT) calculation. Adsorption sites on Ag
n
+ are further discussed on the basis of the maximum number of adsorbing N2 molecules observed in the experiment.
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Xu QH, Li DZ, Zhang SG. A Density-Functional Study on the Adsorption of C2H Radical onto Small Silver Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-015-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Schmidt M, Masson A, Cheng HP, Bréchignac C. Physisorption and Chemisorption on Silver Clusters. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:855-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Medel VM, Reber AC, Chauhan V, Sen P, Köster AM, Calaminici P, Khanna SN. Nature of valence transition and spin moment in Ag(n)V(+) clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8229-36. [PMID: 24824084 DOI: 10.1021/ja412064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evolution in the atomic structure, bonding characteristics, stability, and the spin magnetic moment of neutral and cationic AgnV clusters has been investigated using first-principles density functional approach with gradient corrected functional. It is shown that at small sizes, the V 4s states hybridize with Ag states to form 1S and 1P like superatomic orbitals, whereas the 3d states are localized on V giving the V atom an effective valence of 1 or 2. Starting from Ag8V(+), the V 3d states begin to participate in the bonding by hybridizing with the nearly free electron gas to form 1D superatomic orbitals increasing the V atom effective valence toward 5. For the cationic clusters, this changing valence results in three shell closures that lead to stable species. These occur for cationic clusters containing 5, 7, and 14 Ag atoms. The first two stable species correspond to filled 1S and 1P shells in two and three dimensions with a valence of 2 for V, whereas the closure at 14 Ag atoms correspond to filled 1S, 1P, and 1D shells with V site exhibiting a valence of 5. The transition from filled 1S and 1P shells to filled 1S, 1P, and 1D shells is confirmed by a quenching of the spin magnetic moment. The theoretical findings are consistent with the observed drops in intensity in the mass spectrum of AgnV(+) clusters after 5, 7, and 14 Ag atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Medel
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
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Reber AC, Gamboa GU, Khanna SN. The Oblate Structure and Unexpected Resistance in Reactivity of Ag15+ with O2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/438/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Gamboa GU, Reber AC, Khanna SN. Electronic subshell splitting controls the atomic structure of charged and neutral silver clusters. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Wu YN, Schmidt M, Leygnier J, Cheng HP, Masson A, Bréchignac C. Adsorption of small molecules on silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:024314. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3673616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Hirabayashi S, Ichihashi M, Kondow T. Enhancement of Ammonia Dehydrogenation by Introduction of Oxygen onto Cobalt and Iron Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13040-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hirabayashi
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan, and Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichihashi
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan, and Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kondow
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan, and Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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Lang SM, Bernhardt TM. Cooperative and competitive coadsorption of H2, O2, and N2 on Aux+(x=3,5). J Chem Phys 2009; 131:024310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3168396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Roithova J, Schröder D. Gas-phase models for catalysis: alkane activation and olefin epoxidation by the triatomic cation Ag2O+. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15311-8. [PMID: 18020337 DOI: 10.1021/ja075628p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization of aqueous silver nitrate is used for the preparation of the disilver-oxide cation Ag2O+ in the gas phase. The mass-selected cation is capable of activating C-H bonds of simple alkanes other than methane via H-atom abstraction, i.e., Ag2O+ + R-H --> Ag2OH+ + R* (R = C2H5, C3H7, C4H9). Clean O-atom transfer from Ag2O+ is observed with ethene as a neutral reagent, whereas oxygenation and allylic C-H abstraction compete in the case of propene. The gaseous Ag2O+ cation can thus be regarded as a minimalist model for the problems associated with the silver-mediated epoxidation of olefins more complex than ethene itself. The experimental findings are fully supported by the results of quantum chemical studies, thereby providing deep mechanistic insight into the reactions in the idealized gas phase, which also might have implications for further improvements in applied catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Barcaro G, Fortunelli A, Rossi G, Nita F, Ferrando R. Electronic and Structural Shell Closure in AgCu and AuCu Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:23197-203. [PMID: 17107165 DOI: 10.1021/jp064593x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures of AgCu clusters containing 40 atoms are investigated. The most promising structural families (fcc clusters, capped decahedra, and two types of capped polyicosahedra) are singled out by means of global optimization techniques within an atom-atom potential model. Then, representative clusters of each family are relaxed by means of density-functional methods. It is shown that, for a large majority of compositions, a complex interplay of geometric and electronic shell-closure effects stabilizes a specific polyicosahedral family, whose clusters are much lower in energy and present large HOMO-LUMO gaps. Within this family, geometric and quantum effects concur to favor magic structures associated with core-shell chemical ordering and high symmetry, so that these clusters are very promising from the point of view of their optical properties. Our results also suggest a natural growth pathway of AgCu clusters through high-stability polyicosahedral structures. Results for AuCu clusters of the same size are reported for comparison, showing that the interplay of the different effects is highly material specific.
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