1
|
Erukala S, Feinberg A, Singh A, Vilesov AF. Infrared spectroscopy of carbocations upon electron ionization of ethylene in helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084306. [PMID: 34470362 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron impact ionization of helium droplets doped with ethylene molecules and clusters yields diverse CXHY + cations embedded in the droplets. The ionization primarily produces C2H2 +, C2H3 +, C2H4 +, and CH2 +, whereas larger carbocations are produced upon the reactions of the primary ions with ethylene molecules. The vibrational excitation of the cations leads to the release of bare cations and cations with a few helium atoms attached. The laser excitation spectra of the embedded cations show well resolved vibrational bands with a few wavenumber widths-an order of magnitude less than those previously obtained in solid matrices or molecular beams by tagging techniques. Comparison with the previous studies of free and tagged CH2 +, CH3 +, C2H2 +, C2H3 +, and C2H4 + cations shows that the helium matrix typically introduces a shift in the vibrational frequencies of less than about 20 cm-1, enabling direct comparisons with the results of quantum chemical calculations for structure determination. This work demonstrates a facile technique for the production and spectroscopic study of diverse carbocations, which act as important intermediates in gas and condensed phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Erukala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexandra Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen SC, Liu MC, Huang TP, Chin CH, Wu YJ. Photodissociation and infrared spectra of ethylene cations in solid argon. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Xie ZQ, Bai J, Zhou YS, Gao Y, Park J, Guillemet T, Jiang L, Zeng XC, Lu YF. Control of crystallographic orientation in diamond synthesis through laser resonant vibrational excitation of precursor molecules. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4581. [PMID: 24694918 PMCID: PMC3974139 DOI: 10.1038/srep04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallographic orientations determine the optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of crystals. Control of crystallographic orientations has been studied by changing the growth parameters, including temperature, pressure, proportion of precursors, and surface conditions. However, molecular dynamic mechanisms underlying these controls remain largely unknown. Here we achieved control of crystallographic orientations in diamond growth through a joint experimental and theoretical study of laser resonant vibrational excitation of precursor molecules (ethylene). Resonant vibrational excitation of the ethylene molecules using a wavelength-tunable CO2 laser steers the chemical reactions and promotes proportion of intermediate oxide species, which results in preferential growth of {100}-oriented diamond films and diamond single crystals in open air. Quantum molecular dynamic simulations and calculations of chemisorption energies of radicals detected from our mass-spectroscopy experiment provide an in-depth understanding of molecular reaction mechanisms in the steering of chemical reactions and control of crystallographic orientations. This finding opens up a new avenue for controlled chemical vapor deposition of crystals through resonant vibrational excitations to steer surface chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiang Xie
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA
| | - Jaeil Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
| | - Yun Shen Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jongbok Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA
| | - Thomas Guillemet
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
| | - Yong Feng Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ng CY. State-to-State Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Ions and Neutrals by Photoionization and Photoelectron Methods. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2014; 65:197-224. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Yiu Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ji G, Xu Y, Cui B, Fang C, Kong X, Li D, Liu D. Rectifying behaviors of an Au/(C20)2/Au molecular device induced by the different positions of gate voltage. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
6
|
Vasilatou K, Merkt F. Torsional vibrational structure of the propene radical cation studied by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:124310. [PMID: 21974525 DOI: 10.1063/1.3638182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra of the X̃(+2)A(")←X̃(1)A' transition of CH(3)CHCH(2) (propene), CD(3)CDCD(2), and several partially deuterated isotopomers have been recorded in the region of their adiabatic ionization thresholds and up to 2000 cm(-1) of internal energy of the cations. The vibrational structure has been assigned on the basis of the frequency shifts resulting from deuteration of selected sites of the propene molecule. Two highly anharmonic progressions have been identified and assigned to the two torsional modes of the propene cation, the methyl and methylene torsions. The positions of the torsional levels could be approximately reproduced using one-dimensional models, allowing a semi-quantitative description of the potential energy surface along each torsional coordinate. The observation of forbidden vibrational bands and the analysis of their partially resolved rotational contours reveal the importance of the vibronic coupling between the X̃(+2)A(") and the Ã(+2)A(') states mediated by the methylene (ν(20)) and methyl (ν(21)) torsional modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Vasilatou
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jacox ME, Thompson WE. The infrared spectra of C2H4+ and C2H3 trapped in solid neon. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:064321. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3555626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
8
|
Zhou KG, Zhang YH, Wang LJ, Xie KF, Xiong YQ, Zhang HL, Wang CW. Can azulene-like molecules function as substitution-free molecular rectifiers? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15882-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Alnama K, Boyé-Péronne S, Roche AL, Gauyacq D. Excited states of C2H4 studied by (3 + 1) and (3 + 2) REMPI spectroscopy: disentangling the lowest Rydberg series from the strong π–π* V ← N transition. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701496524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Chang YC, Shi X, Lau KC, Yin QZ, Liou HT, Ng CY. Rovibronically selected and resolved two-color laser photoionization and photoelectron study of nickel carbide cation. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:054310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3464488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
11
|
Chang YC, Lam CS, Reed B, Lau KC, Liou HT, Ng CY. Rovibronically Selected and Resolved Two-Color Laser Photoionization and Photoelectron Study of the Iron Carbide Cation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4242-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810797v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-C. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - C.-S. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - B. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K.-C. Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - H. T. Liou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - C. Y. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xing X, Reed B, Kyung Bahng M, Wang P, Koo Woo H, Jong Baek S, Shing Lam C, Yiu Ng C. High-Resolution Infrared-Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoion and Pulsed Field Ionization-Photoelectron Methods for Spectroscopic Studies of Neutrals and Cations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/21/03/193-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
13
|
Xing X, Wang P, Reed B, Baek SJ, Ng CY. Infrared Vacuum-Ultraviolet Laser Pulsed Field Ionization-Photoelectron Study of CH3Br+(X̃2E3/2). J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9277-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8019649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - P. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - B. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - S.-J. Baek
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - C. Y. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xing X, Wang P, Woo HK, Bahng MK, Baek SJ, Ng C. Rotationally resolved infrared–vacuum ultraviolet–pulsed field ionization–photoelectron depletion method for infrared spectroscopic studies of neutral molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Xing X, Reed B, Bahng MK, Baek SJ, Wang P, Ng CY. Infrared–vacuum ultraviolet–pulsed field ionization–photoelectron study of CH3I+ using a high-resolution infrared laser. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:104306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2888557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
16
|
Xing X, Bahng MK, Reed B, Lam CS, Lau KC, Ng CY. Rovibrationally selected and resolved pulsed field ionization-photoelectron study of propyne: Ionization energy and spin-orbit interaction in propyne cation. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:094311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2836429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
17
|
Xing X, Reed B, Bahng MK, Ng CY. Infrared−Vacuum Ultraviolet Pulsed Field Ionization-Photoelectron Study of C2H4+ Using a High-Resolution Infrared Laser. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2572-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711684w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Beth Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Mi-Kyung Bahng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - C. Y. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xing X, Reed B, Lau KC, Baek SJ, Bahng MK, Ng CY. Assignment of rovibrational transitions of propyne in the region of 2934–2952cm−1 measured by two-color IR–vacuum ultraviolet laser photoion-photoelectron methods. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:044313. [PMID: 17672696 DOI: 10.1063/1.2748403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrared (IR) spectrum of propyne in the region of 2934-2952 cm(-1) has been recorded by the IR-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-photoion method. The spectrum is shown to consist of two near-resonant, but noncoupled vibrational bands: the nu2 symmetric methyl C-H stretching vibrational band and a combination vibrational band nucs. The previously unobserved Q line of the nucs band is observed. The rotational transition lines of the nu2=1 band produces IR-VUV-pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (IR-VUV-PFI-PE) signal at the C3H4+ (nu2+=1) photoionization threshold. The rotational transition lines associated with the nucs band do not produce IR-VUV-PFI-PE signal. Rotational transition lines of both vibrational bands are assigned and simulated; and ab initio calculations further confirm the assignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|