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Ultrafast Imaging of Laser Driven Shock Waves using Betatron X-rays from a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11010. [PMID: 30030516 PMCID: PMC6054639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Betatron radiation from laser wakefield accelerators is an ultrashort pulsed source of hard, synchrotron-like x-ray radiation. It emanates from a centimetre scale plasma accelerator producing GeV level electron beams. In recent years betatron radiation has been developed as a unique source capable of producing high resolution x-ray images in compact geometries. However, until now, the short pulse nature of this radiation has not been exploited. This report details the first experiment to utilize betatron radiation to image a rapidly evolving phenomenon by using it to radiograph a laser driven shock wave in a silicon target. The spatial resolution of the image is comparable to what has been achieved in similar experiments at conventional synchrotron light sources. The intrinsic temporal resolution of betatron radiation is below 100 fs, indicating that significantly faster processes could be probed in future without compromising spatial resolution. Quantitative measurements of the shock velocity and material density were made from the radiographs recorded during shock compression and were consistent with the established shock response of silicon, as determined with traditional velocimetry approaches. This suggests that future compact betatron imaging beamlines could be useful in the imaging and diagnosis of high-energy-density physics experiments.
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Jung D, Yin L, Albright BJ, Gautier DC, Hörlein R, Kiefer D, Henig A, Johnson R, Letzring S, Palaniyappan S, Shah R, Shimada T, Yan XQ, Bowers KJ, Tajima T, Fernández JC, Habs D, Hegelich BM. Monoenergetic ion beam generation by driving ion solitary waves with circularly polarized laser light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:115002. [PMID: 22026679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data from the Trident Laser facility is presented showing quasimonoenergetic carbon ions from nm-scaled foil targets with an energy spread of as low as ±15% at 35 MeV. These results and high-resolution kinetic simulations show laser acceleration of quasimonoenergetic ion beams by the generation of ion solitons with circularly polarized laser pulses (500 fs, λ=1054 nm). The conversion efficiency into monoenergetic ions is increased by an order of magnitude compared with previous experimental results, representing an important step towards applications such as ion fast ignition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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Jung D, Hörlein R, Gautier DC, Letzring S, Kiefer D, Allinger K, Albright BJ, Shah R, Palaniyappan S, Yin L, Fernández JC, Habs D, Hegelich BM. A novel high resolution ion wide angle spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:043301. [PMID: 21528999 DOI: 10.1063/1.3575581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel ion wide angle spectrometer (iWASP) has been developed, which is capable of measuring angularly resolved energy distributions of protons and a second ion species, such as carbon C(6 +), simultaneously. The energy resolution for protons and carbon ions is better than 10% at ∼50 MeV/nucleon and thus suitable for the study of novel laser-ion acceleration schemes aiming for ultrahigh particle energies. A wedged magnet design enables an acceptance angle of 30°(∼524 mrad) and high angular accuracy in the μrad range. First, results obtained at the LANL Trident laser facility are presented demonstrating high energy and angular resolution of this novel iWASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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Jung D, Hörlein R, Kiefer D, Letzring S, Gautier DC, Schramm U, Hübsch C, Öhm R, Albright BJ, Fernandez JC, Habs D, Hegelich BM. Development of a high resolution and high dispersion Thomson parabola. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:013306. [PMID: 21280824 DOI: 10.1063/1.3523428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the development of a novel high resolution and high dispersion Thomson parabola for simultaneously resolving protons and low-Z ions of more than 100 MeV/nucleon necessary to explore novel laser ion acceleration schemes. High electric and magnetic fields enable energy resolutions of ΔE∕E < 5% at 100 MeV/nucleon and impede premature merging of different ion species at low energies on the detector plane. First results from laser driven ion acceleration experiments performed at the Trident Laser Facility demonstrate high resolution and superior species and charge state separation of this novel Thomson parabola for ion energies of more than 30 MeV/nucleon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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Workman J, Cobble J, Flippo K, Gautier DC, Montgomery DS, Offermann DT. Phase-contrast imaging using ultrafast x-rays in laser-shocked materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:10E520. [PMID: 21034048 DOI: 10.1063/1.3485109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High-energy x-rays, >10 keV, can be efficiently produced from ultrafast laser target interactions with many applications to dense target materials in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy density physics. These same x-rays can also be applied to measurements of low-density materials inside high-density Hohlraum environments. In the experiments presented, high-energy x-ray images of laser-shocked polystyrene are produced through phase contrast imaging. The plastic targets are nominally transparent to traditional x-ray absorption but show detailed features in regions of high density gradients due to refractive effects often called phase contrast imaging. The 200 TW Trident laser is used both to produce the x-ray source and to shock the polystyrene target. X-rays at 17 keV produced from 2 ps, 100 J laser interactions with a 12 μm molybdenum wire are used to produce a small source size, required for optimizing refractive effects. Shocks are driven in the 1 mm thick polystyrene target using 2 ns, 250 J, 532 nm laser drive with phase plates. X-ray images of shocks compare well to one-dimensional hydro calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Workman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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Szabo CI, Workman J, Flippo K, Feldman U, Seely JF, Hudson LT, Henins A. Scaling studies with the dual crystal spectrometer at the OMEGA-EP laser facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:10E320. [PMID: 21034018 DOI: 10.1063/1.3494222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The dual crystal spectrometer (DCS) is an approved diagnostic at the OMEGA and the OMEGA-EP laser facilities for the measurement of high energy x-rays in the 11-90 keV energy range, e.g., for verification of the x-ray spectrum of backlighter targets of point projection radiography experiments. DCS has two cylindrically bent transmission crystal channels with image plate detectors at distances behind the crystals close to the size of the respective Rowland circle diameters taking advantage of the focusing effect of the cylindrically bent geometry. DCS, with a source to crystal distance of 1.2 m, provides the required energy dispersion for simultaneous detection of x-rays in a low energy channel (11-45 keV) and a high-energy channel (19-90 keV). A scaling study is described for varied pulse length with unchanged laser conditions (energy, focusing). The study shows that the Kα line intensity is not strongly dependent on the length of the laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Szabo
- Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Ellicott City, Maryland 21042, USA.
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Batha SH, Aragonez R, Archuleta FL, Archuleta TN, Benage JF, Cobble JA, Cowan JS, Fatherley VE, Flippo KA, Gautier DC, Gonzales RP, Greenfield SR, Hegelich BM, Hurry TR, Johnson RP, Kline JL, Letzring SA, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Luo SN, Montgomery DS, Oertel JA, Paisley DL, Reid SM, Sanchez PG, Seifter A, Shimada T, Workman JB. TRIDENT high-energy-density facility experimental capabilities and diagnostics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:10F305. [PMID: 19044618 DOI: 10.1063/1.2972020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The newly upgraded TRIDENT high-energy-density (HED) facility provides high-energy short-pulse laser-matter interactions with powers in excess of 200 TW and energies greater than 120 J. In addition, TRIDENT retains two long-pulse (nanoseconds to microseconds) beams that are available for simultaneous use in either the same experiment or a separate one. The facility's flexibility is enhanced by the presence of two separate target chambers with a third undergoing commissioning. This capability allows the experimental configuration to be optimized by choosing the chamber with the most advantageous geometry and features. The TRIDENT facility also provides a wide range of standard instruments including optical, x-ray, and particle diagnostics. In addition, one chamber has a 10 in. manipulator allowing OMEGA and National Ignition Facility (NIF) diagnostics to be prototyped and calibrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Batha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS E526, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Gautier DC, Flippo KA, Letzring SA, Shimada JWT, Johnson RP, Hurry TR, Gaillard SA, Hegelich BM. A novel backscatter focus diagnostic for the TRIDENT 200 TW laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:10F547. [PMID: 19044689 DOI: 10.1063/1.2979881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the first direct focal spot images and analysis of an ultrahigh intensity short-pulse laser focus (>5x10(19) W/cm(2)) on target. Such a focal spot characterization is typically done previous to the shot with a low-power alignment beam using equivalent plane imaging techniques. The resulting intensity of the shot is then inferred from these results. We report on the development of a backscatter focus diagnostic, which enables imaging of the on-target full-power focal spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Gautier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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