1
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Pérez-Callejo G, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Florido R, Walsh CA, Gigosos MA, Beg FN, McGuffey C, Mancini RC, Suzuki-Vidal F, Vlachos C, Bradford P, Santos JJ. X-ray imaging and radiation transport effects on cylindrical implosions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113542. [PMID: 36461474 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetization of inertial confinement implosions is a promising means of improving their performance, owing to the potential reduction of energy losses within the target and mitigation of hydrodynamic instabilities. In particular, cylindrical implosions are useful for studying the influence of a magnetic field, thanks to their axial symmetry. Here, we present experimental results from cylindrical implosions on the OMEGA-60 laser using a 40-beam, 14.5 kJ, 1.5 ns drive and an initial seed magnetic field of B0 = 30 T along the axes of the targets, compared with reference results without an imposed B-field. Implosions were characterized using time-resolved x-ray imaging from two orthogonal lines of sight. We found that the data agree well with magnetohydrodynamic simulations, once radiation transport within the imploding plasma is considered. We show that for a correct interpretation of the data in these types of experiments, explicit radiation transport must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pérez-Callejo
- Departamento de Física Teórica Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - R Florido
- iUNAT-Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M A Gigosos
- Departamento de Física Teórica Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - R C Mancini
- Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Vlachos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Bradford
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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2
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Pérez-Callejo G, Vlachos C, Walsh CA, Florido R, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Vaisseau X, Suzuki-Vidal F, McGuffey C, Beg FN, Bradford P, Ospina-Bohórquez V, Batani D, Raffestin D, Colaïtis A, Tikhonchuk V, Casner A, Koenig M, Albertazzi B, Fedosejevs R, Woolsey N, Ehret M, Debayle A, Loiseau P, Calisti A, Ferri S, Honrubia J, Kingham R, Mancini RC, Gigosos MA, Santos JJ. Cylindrical implosion platform for the study of highly magnetized plasmas at Laser MegaJoule. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:035206. [PMID: 36266806 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.035206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the potential benefits of the use of magnetic fields in inertial confinement fusion experiments has given rise to experimental platforms like the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion approach at the Z-machine (Sandia National Laboratories) or its laser-driven equivalent at OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics). Implementing these platforms at MegaJoule-scale laser facilities, such as the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) or the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is crucial to reaching self-sustained nuclear fusion and enlarges the level of magnetization that can be achieved through a higher compression. In this paper, we present a complete design of an experimental platform for magnetized implosions using cylindrical targets at LMJ. A seed magnetic field is generated along the axis of the cylinder using laser-driven coil targets, minimizing debris and increasing diagnostic access compared with pulsed power field generators. We present a comprehensive simulation study of the initial B field generated with these coil targets, as well as two-dimensional extended magnetohydrodynamics simulations showing that a 5 T initial B field is compressed up to 25 kT during the implosion. Under these circumstances, the electrons become magnetized, which severely modifies the plasma conditions at stagnation. In particular, in the hot spot the electron temperature is increased (from 1 keV to 5 keV) while the density is reduced (from 40g/cm^{3} to 7g/cm^{3}). We discuss how these changes can be diagnosed using x-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and particle diagnostics. We propose the simultaneous use of two dopants in the fuel (Ar and Kr) to act as spectroscopic tracers. We show that this introduces an effective spatial resolution in the plasma which permits an unambiguous observation of the B-field effects. Additionally, we present a plan for future experiments of this kind at LMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pérez-Callejo
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - C Vlachos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Institute of Plasma Physics & Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Florido
- iUNAT-Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Plasma Physics Group, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - P Bradford
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Ospina-Bohórquez
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Raffestin
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Colaïtis
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- CEA-CESTA, CS 60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universites, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universites, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G1R1 Alberta, Canada
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M Ehret
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Debayle
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - A Calisti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - S Ferri
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Kingham
- Plasma Physics Group, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R C Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - M A Gigosos
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J J Santos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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3
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Hu P, Hu GY, Wang YL, Tang HB, Zhang ZC, Zheng J. Pulsed magnetic field device for laser plasma experiments at Shenguang-II laser facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:014703. [PMID: 32012643 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A pulsed intense magnetic field device was developed for the Shanghai Shenguang-II (SG-II) laser facility. The device using a double-turn coil with 12 mm diameter is capable of producing a peak current of 42 kA with 280 ns rising edge and 200 ns flat top width. A peak magnetic field of 8.8 T is achieved at the center of the coil. A two-section transmission line composed by a flexible section and a rigid section is designed to meet the target chamber environment of SG-II laser facility. The flexible section realizes the soft-connection between the capacitor bank and the target chamber, which facilitates the installation of the magnetic field device and the adjustment of the coil. The rigid section is as small as possible so that it can be inserted into the target chamber from any smallest flange, realizing elastic magnetic field configuration. The magnetic coil inside the chamber can be adjusted finely through a mechanical component on the rigid transmission line outside the target chamber. The adjustment range is up to 5 cm in both radial and axial directions with ∼50 µm precision. The device has been successfully operated on SG-II laser facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Bo Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Chi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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4
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Wang YL, Hu GY, Hu P, Liang YH, Yuan P, Zheng J. Portable pulsed magnetic field generator for magnetized laser plasma experiments in low vacuum environments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:075108. [PMID: 31370450 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A portable pulsed magnetic field generator for magnetized laser plasma experiments in low vacuum environments is presented. It is based on a classical high-voltage discharge pulsed power system. A 95 kA peak current was delivered at a 65 kV discharge voltage, which generated a quasiuniform magnetic field of 12T in a Φ8 mm × 8 mm volume. A compact, sealed design was developed to avoid short-circuit breakdowns caused by an ambient low-pressure gas medium. Design improvements were made to the vacuum feedthrough, the transmission line, and the magnetic coil. The system worked well in a low vacuum environment for a laser plasma experiment using a gas target. But at intermediate ambient gas pressure, the ambient gas was ionized around the surface of the coil at first and then the ionized gas diffused inward and outward slowly, which affected the laser plasma image in the coil. Experiments and simulations indicated that the ambient gas was ionized by the induced electric field. We developed analytical models of the induced breakdown of the ambient gas to guide the experimental design of a gas target. The analysis can also be used in the experimental design of a solid target in an intense pulsed magnetic field of hundreds of tesla that the induced breakdown along solid's surface dominates the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Han Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhang Y, Shumlak U, Nelson BA, Golingo RP, Weber TR, Stepanov AD, Claveau EL, Forbes EG, Draper ZT, Mitrani JM, McLean HS, Tummel KK, Higginson DP, Cooper CM. Sustained Neutron Production from a Sheared-Flow Stabilized Z Pinch. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:135001. [PMID: 31012637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sheared-flow stabilized Z pinch has demonstrated long-lived plasmas with fusion-relevant parameters. We present the first experimental results demonstrating sustained, quasi-steady-state neutron production from the fusion Z-pinch experiment, operated with a mixture of 20% deuterium/80% hydrogen by pressure. Neutron emissions lasting approximately 5 μs are reproducibly observed with pinch currents of approximately 200 kA during an approximately 16 μs period of plasma quiescence. The average neutron yield is estimated to be (1.25±0.45)×10^{5} neutrons/pulse and scales with the square of the deuterium concentration. Coincident with the neutron signal, plasma temperatures of 1-2 keV and densities of approximately 10^{17} cm^{-3} with 0.3 cm pinch radii are measured with fully integrated diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - U Shumlak
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B A Nelson
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R P Golingo
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T R Weber
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A D Stepanov
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E L Claveau
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E G Forbes
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Z T Draper
- Aerospace & Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J M Mitrani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K K Tummel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C M Cooper
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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6
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Edamoto M, Morita T, Saito N, Itadani Y, Miura S, Fujioka S, Nakashima H, Yamamoto N. Portable and noise-tolerant magnetic field generation system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:094706. [PMID: 30278766 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully developed a portable pulsed magnetic field generation system incorporating a number of techniques to avoid the effects of noise, including shielding, a self-power capability, and a high-capability semiconductor switch. The system fits into a cubical box less than 0.5 m in linear dimensions and can easily be installed in experimental facilities, including noisy environments such as high-power laser facilities. The system can generate a magnetic field of several tesla sustainable for several tens of microseconds over a spatial scale of several centimeters. In a high-power laser experiment with Gekko-XII, the system operated stably despite being subjected to a high level of electrical noise from laser shots of 600 J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Edamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Taichi Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Naoya Saito
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yutaro Itadani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Naoji Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
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7
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Fiksel G, Backhus R, Barnak DH, Chang PY, Davies JR, Jacobs-Perkins D, McNally P, Spielman RB, Viges E, Betti R. Inductively coupled 30 T magnetic field platform for magnetized high-energy-density plasma studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:084703. [PMID: 30184699 DOI: 10.1063/1.5040756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A pulsed high magnetic field device based on the inductively coupled coil concept [D. H. Barnak et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 033501 (2018)] is described. The device can be used for studying magnetized high-energy-density plasma and is capable of producing a pulsed magnetic field of 30 T inside a single-turn coil with an inner diameter of 6.5 mm and a length of 6.3 mm. The magnetic field is created by discharging a high-voltage capacitor through a multi-turn solenoid, which is inductively coupled to a small single-turn coil. The solenoid electric current pulse of tens of kA and a duration of several μs is inductively transformed to hundreds of kA in the single-turn coil, thus enabling a high magnetic field. Unlike directly driven single-turn systems that require a high-current and low-inductive power supply, the inductively coupled system operates using a relatively low-current power supply with very relaxed requirements for its inductance. This arrangement significantly simplifies the design of the power supply and also makes it possible to place the power supply at a significant distance from the coil. In addition, the device is designed to contain possible wire debris, which makes it attractive for debris-sensitive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiksel
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Backhus
- Space Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D H Barnak
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P-Y Chang
- Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - J R Davies
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Jacobs-Perkins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P McNally
- Space Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R B Spielman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E Viges
- Space Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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8
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Yu X, Xi W, Liu Z, Kuang Y, Li H, Fu X, Liu X, Xu W, Song Y, Wu S. Design of a 150T pulsed magnetic field generator device. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Goyon C, Pollock BB, Turnbull DP, Hazi A, Divol L, Farmer WA, Haberberger D, Javedani J, Johnson AJ, Kemp A, Levy MC, Grant Logan B, Mariscal DA, Landen OL, Patankar S, Ross JS, Rubenchik AM, Swadling GF, Williams GJ, Fujioka S, Law KFF, Moody JD. Ultrafast probing of magnetic field growth inside a laser-driven solenoid. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:033208. [PMID: 28415195 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.033208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on the detection of the time-dependent B-field amplitude and topology in a laser-driven solenoid. The B-field inferred from both proton deflectometry and Faraday rotation ramps up linearly in time reaching 210 ± 35 T at the end of a 0.75-ns laser drive with 1 TW at 351 nm. A lumped-element circuit model agrees well with the linear rise and suggests that the blow-off plasma screens the field between the plates leading to an increased plate capacitance that converts the laser-generated hot-electron current into a voltage source that drives current through the solenoid. ALE3D modeling shows that target disassembly and current diffusion may limit the B-field increase for longer laser drive. Scaling of these experimental results to a National Ignition Facility (NIF) hohlraum target size (∼0.2cm^{3}) indicates that it is possible to achieve several tens of Tesla.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goyon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D P Turnbull
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Hazi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - W A Farmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Javedani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A J Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M C Levy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Grant Logan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A M Rubenchik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - G F Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K F F Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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10
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11
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Fiksel G, Agliata A, Barnak D, Brent G, Chang PY, Folnsbee L, Gates G, Hasset D, Lonobile D, Magoon J, Mastrosimone D, Shoup MJ, Betti R. Note: Experimental platform for magnetized high-energy-density plasma studies at the omega laser facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:016105. [PMID: 25638132 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An upgrade of the pulsed magnetic field generator magneto-inertial fusion electrical discharge system [O. Gotchev et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 043504 (2009)] is described. The device is used to study magnetized high-energy-density plasma and is capable of producing a pulsed magnetic field of tens of tesla in a volume of a few cubic centimeters. The magnetic field is created by discharging a high-voltage capacitor through a small wire-wound coil. The coil current pulse has a duration of about 1 μs and a peak value of 40 kA. Compared to the original, the updated version has a larger energy storage and improved switching system. In addition, magnetic coils are fabricated using 3-D printing technology which allows for a greater variety of the magnetic field topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiksel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A Agliata
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Barnak
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - G Brent
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - P-Y Chang
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - L Folnsbee
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - G Gates
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Hasset
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Lonobile
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Mastrosimone
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M J Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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12
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Rovang DC, Lamppa DC, Cuneo ME, Owen AC, McKenney J, Johnson DW, Radovich S, Kaye RJ, McBride RD, Alexander CS, Awe TJ, Slutz SA, Sefkow AB, Haill TA, Jones PA, Argo JW, Dalton DG, Robertson GK, Waisman EM, Sinars DB, Meissner J, Milhous M, Nguyen DN, Mielke CH. Pulsed-coil magnet systems for applying uniform 10-30 T fields to centimeter-scale targets on Sandia's Z facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:124701. [PMID: 25554308 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sandia has successfully integrated the capability to apply uniform, high magnetic fields (10-30 T) to high energy density experiments on the Z facility. This system uses an 8-mF, 15-kV capacitor bank to drive large-bore (5 cm diameter), high-inductance (1-3 mH) multi-turn, multi-layer electromagnets that slowly magnetize the conductive targets used on Z over several milliseconds (time to peak field of 2-7 ms). This system was commissioned in February 2013 and has been used successfully to magnetize more than 30 experiments up to 10 T that have produced exciting and surprising physics results. These experiments used split-magnet topologies to maintain diagnostic lines of sight to the target. We describe the design, integration, and operation of the pulsed coil system into the challenging and harsh environment of the Z Machine. We also describe our plans and designs for achieving fields up to 20 T with a reduced-gap split-magnet configuration, and up to 30 T with a solid magnet configuration in pursuit of the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D C Lamppa
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - M E Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A C Owen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J McKenney
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D W Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - S Radovich
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - R J Kaye
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - R D McBride
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - C S Alexander
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - T J Awe
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - S A Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A B Sefkow
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - T A Haill
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - P A Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J W Argo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D G Dalton
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G K Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - E M Waisman
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D B Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Meissner
- Milhous Company, 144 South Main Street, Amherst, Virginia 24521, USA
| | - M Milhous
- Milhous Company, 144 South Main Street, Amherst, Virginia 24521, USA
| | - D N Nguyen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C H Mielke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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13
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Fiksel G, Fox W, Bhattacharjee A, Barnak DH, Chang PY, Germaschewski K, Hu SX, Nilson PM. Magnetic reconnection between colliding magnetized laser-produced plasma plumes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:105003. [PMID: 25238366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Observations of magnetic reconnection between colliding plumes of magnetized laser-produced plasma are presented. Two counterpropagating plasma flows are created by irradiating oppositely placed plastic (CH) targets with 1.8-kJ, 2-ns laser beams on the Omega EP Laser System. The interaction region between the plumes is prefilled with a low-density background plasma and magnetized by an externally applied magnetic field, imposed perpendicular to the plasma flow, and initialized with an X-type null point geometry with B=0 at the midplane and B=8 T at the targets. The counterflowing plumes sweep up and compress the background plasma and the magnetic field into a pair of magnetized ribbons, which collide, stagnate, and reconnect at the midplane, allowing the first detailed observations of a stretched current sheet in laser-driven reconnection experiments. The dynamics of current sheet formation are in good agreement with first-principles particle-in-cell simulations that model the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiksel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA and Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Fox
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - A Bhattacharjee
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - D H Barnak
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA and Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P-Y Chang
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA and Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Germaschewski
- Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA and Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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14
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Swadling GF, Lebedev SV, Harvey-Thompson AJ, Rozmus W, Burdiak GC, Suttle L, Patankar S, Smith RA, Bennett M, Hall GN, Suzuki-Vidal F, Yuan J. Interpenetration, deflection, and stagnation of cylindrically convergent magnetized supersonic tungsten plasma flows. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:035003. [PMID: 25083650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interpenetration and interaction of supersonic, magnetized tungsten plasma flows has been directly observed via spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the Thomson scattering ion feature. A novel scattering geometry allows independent measurements of the axial and radial velocity components of the ions. The plasma flows are produced via the pulsed power driven ablation of fine tungsten wires in a cylindrical wire array z pinch. Fits of the data reveal the variations in radial velocity, axial velocity, and temperature of the ion streams as they interpenetrate and interact. A previously unobserved increase in axial velocity is measured near the array axis. This may be the result of v[over →]×B[over →] bending of the ion streams by a toroidal magnetic field, advected to and accumulated about the axis by the streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Swadling
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - A J Harvey-Thompson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1193, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J1
| | - G C Burdiak
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - L Suttle
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S Patankar
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - R A Smith
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Bennett
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - G N Hall
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAE, Mianyang 621900, China
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15
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Chang PY, Fiksel G, Hohenberger M, Knauer JP, Betti R, Marshall FJ, Meyerhofer DD, Séguin FH, Petrasso RD. Fusion yield enhancement in magnetized laser-driven implosions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:035006. [PMID: 21838372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of the ion temperature and fusion yield has been observed in magnetized laser-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions on the OMEGA Laser Facility. A spherical CH target with a 10 atm D2 gas fill was imploded in a polar-drive configuration. A magnetic field of 80 kG was embedded in the target and was subsequently trapped and compressed by the imploding conductive plasma. As a result of the hot-spot magnetization, the electron radial heat losses were suppressed and the observed ion temperature and neutron yield were enhanced by 15% and 30%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Chang
- Fusion Science Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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16
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Gotchev OV, Chang PY, Knauer JP, Meyerhofer DD, Polomarov O, Frenje J, Li CK, Manuel MJE, Petrasso RD, Rygg JR, Séguin FH, Betti R. Laser-driven magnetic-flux compression in high-energy-density plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:215004. [PMID: 20366046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.215004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The demonstration of magnetic field compression to many tens of megagauss in cylindrical implosions of inertial confinement fusion targets is reported for the first time. The OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00325-2] was used to implode cylindrical CH targets filled with deuterium gas and seeded with a strong external field (>50 kG) from a specially developed magnetic pulse generator. This seed field was trapped (frozen) in the shock-heated gas fill and compressed by the imploding shell at a high implosion velocity, minimizing the effect of resistive flux diffusion. The magnetic fields in the compressed core were probed via proton deflectrometry using the fusion products from an imploding D3He target. Line-averaged magnetic fields between 30 and 40 MG were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Gotchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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