1
|
Raclavský M, Rao KH, Chaulagain U, Lamač M, Nejdl J. High-sensitivity optical tomography of instabilities in supersonic gas flow. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2253-2256. [PMID: 38691692 DOI: 10.1364/ol.510289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Characterization of gas targets relies largely on conventional optical techniques, providing millisecond time resolution, which not only overlooks the fluctuations occurring at shorter time scales but also often challenges the sensitivity limits of optical probing as their refractive index is close to unity. Hence, the ability to resolve these fluctuations needs to be addressed as it is paramount for accurate gas jet characterization for their applications, including laser-matter interaction in laser wakefield electron acceleration or plasma x ray sources. In this Letter, we introduce an advanced gas jet characterization system capable of visualizing fast density fluctuations by Schlieren imaging, combined with density characterization by interferometric tomography, both with increased sensitivity due to the four-pass probing configuration. We demonstrate that combining the two modalities provides a substantial advancement in achieving a comprehensive, both quantitative and qualitative, characterization of gas jets.
Collapse
|
2
|
Andrianaki G, Grigoriadis A, Skoulakis A, Tazes I, Mancelli D, Fitilis I, Dimitriou V, Benis EP, Papadogiannis NA, Tatarakis M, Nikolos IK. Design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed, custom-made nozzle for laser wakefield acceleration experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103309. [PMID: 37855698 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Laser WakeField Acceleration (LWFA) is extensively used as a high-energy electron source, with electrons achieving energies up to the GeV level. The produced electron beam characteristics depend strongly on the gas density profile. When the gaseous target is a gas jet, the gas density profile is affected by parameters, such as the nozzle geometry, the gas used, and the backing pressure applied to the gas valve. An electron source based on the LWFA mechanism has recently been developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers. To improve controllability over the electron source, we developed a set of 3D-printed nozzles suitable for creating different gas density profiles according to the experimental necessities. Here, we present a study of the design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed nozzle intended for LWFA experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Andrianaki
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - A Grigoriadis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Skoulakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Tazes
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - D Mancelli
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Fitilis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - V Dimitriou
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - E P Benis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N A Papadogiannis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - M Tatarakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I K Nikolos
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lemos N, Cardoso L, Geada J, Figueira G, Albert F, Dias JM. Guiding of laser pulses in plasma waveguides created by linearly-polarized femtosecond laser pulses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3165. [PMID: 29453363 PMCID: PMC5816635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that plasma waveguides produced with ultra-short laser pulses (sub-picosecond) in gas jets are capable of guiding high intensity laser pulses. This scheme has the unique ability of guiding a high-intensity laser pulse in a plasma waveguide created by the same laser system in the very simple and stable experimental setup. A hot plasma column was created by a femtosecond class laser that expands into an on-axis parabolic low density profile suitable to act as a waveguide for high intensity laser beams. We have successfully guided ~1015 W cm−2 laser pulses in a 8 mm long hydrogen plasma waveguide with a 35% guiding efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California, 94550, USA. .,GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - L Cardoso
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Geada
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Figueira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - J M Dias
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen SN, Vranic M, Gangolf T, Boella E, Antici P, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Loiseau P, Pépin H, Revet G, Santos JJ, Schroer AM, Starodubtsev M, Willi O, Silva LO, d'Humières E, Fuchs J. Collimated protons accelerated from an overdense gas jet irradiated by a 1 µm wavelength high-intensity short-pulse laser. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13505. [PMID: 29044204 PMCID: PMC5647424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated proton acceleration in the forward direction from a near-critical density hydrogen gas jet target irradiated by a high intensity (1018 W/cm2), short-pulse (5 ps) laser with wavelength of 1.054 μm. We observed the signature of the Collisionless Shock Acceleration mechanism, namely quasi-monoenergetic proton beams with small divergence in addition to the more commonly observed electron-sheath driven proton acceleration. The proton energies we obtained were modest (~MeV), but prospects for improvement are offered through further tailoring the gas jet density profile. Also, we observed that this mechanism is very robust in producing those beams and thus can be considered as a future candidate in laser-driven ion sources driven by the upcoming next generation of multi-PW near-infrared lasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Chen
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Université Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Light Stream Labs LLC., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
| | - M Vranic
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Gangolf
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Université Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Boella
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650, boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1S2, Varennes (Québec), Canada
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Laser Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France
| | - H Pépin
- INRS-EMT, 1650, boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1S2, Varennes (Québec), Canada
| | - G Revet
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Université Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Laser Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - A M Schroer
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mikhail Starodubtsev
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - O Willi
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E d'Humières
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Laser Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Université Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wachulak PW. Contributed Review: The novel gas puff targets for laser-matter interaction experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:091501. [PMID: 27782609 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various types of targetry are used nowadays in laser matter interaction experiments. Such targets are characterized using different methods capable of acquiring information about the targets such as density, spatial distribution, and temporal behavior. In this mini-review paper, a particular type of target will be presented. The targets under consideration are gas puff targets of various and novel geometries. Those targets were investigated using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) imaging techniques, such as shadowgraphy, tomography, and pinhole camera imaging. Details about characterization of those targets in the EUV and SXR spectral regions will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw W Wachulak
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Ul. Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Golovin G, Banerjee S, Zhang J, Chen S, Liu C, Zhao B, Mills J, Brown K, Petersen C, Umstadter D. Tomographic imaging of nonsymmetric multicomponent tailored supersonic flows from structured gas nozzles. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:3491-3497. [PMID: 25967342 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental results on the production and characterization of asymmetric and composite supersonic gas flows, created by merging independently controllable flows from multiple nozzles. We demonstrate that the spatial profiles are adjustable over a large range of parameters, including gas density, density gradient, and atomic composition. The profiles were precisely characterized using three-dimensional tomography. The creation and measurement of complex gas flows is relevant to numerous applications, ranging from laser-produced plasmas to rocket thrusters.
Collapse
|
7
|
Eder SD, Samelin B, Bracco G, Ansperger K, Holst B. A free jet (supersonic), molecular beam source with automatized, 50 nm precision nozzle-skimmer positioning. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:093303. [PMID: 24089819 DOI: 10.1063/1.4821147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Low energy (thermal) free jet (supersonic) molecular beams are used in a range of applications from surface science and surface deposition to quantum coherence and gas kinetics experiments. A free jet molecular beam is created by a gas expansion from a high pressure reservoir through a small aperture (nozzle). The nozzle typically has a diameter of 2-20 μm. The central part of the beam is selected using a skimmer, typically up to 500 μm in diameter. Recent years have seen the introduction of highly spatially confined beam sources based on micrometer skimmers and micrometer or even sub-micrometer nozzles. Such sources have been applied, for example, in the investigation of superfluidity and in neutral helium microscopy. However, up till now no source design allowing the precise positioning of the micro-skimmer relative to the nozzle has been available. This is an important issue because the relative position of skimmer and nozzle can influence the beam properties considerably. Here we present the design and implementation of a new molecular beam source, which allows an automatized, 50 nm precision positioning of the skimmer relative to the nozzle. The source is liquid nitrogen cooled and the temperature can be controlled between 110 K and 350 K with a temperature fluctuation of less than ±0.1 K over several hours. Beam intensity measurements using a 5 μm nozzle and a skimmer 5 μm in diameter are presented for stagnation pressures po in the range 3-180 bars. A 2D beam profile scan, using a 9.5 μm skimmer and a 5 μm nozzle is presented as a further documentation of the versatility of the new design and as an illustration of the influence of the relative skimmer-nozzle position on the beam properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Eder
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allègaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schmid K, Veisz L. Supersonic gas jets for laser-plasma experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:053304. [PMID: 22667614 DOI: 10.1063/1.4719915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an in-depth analysis of De Laval nozzles, which are ideal for gas jet generation in a wide variety of experiments. Scaling behavior of parameters especially relevant to laser-plasma experiments as jet collimation, sharpness of the jet edges and Mach number of the resulting jet is studied and several scaling laws are given. Special attention is paid to the problem of the generation of microscopic supersonic jets with diameters as small as 150 μm. In this regime, boundary layers dominate the flow formation and have to be included in the analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Schmid
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Landgraf B, Schnell M, Sävert A, Kaluza MC, Spielmann C. High resolution 3D gas-jet characterization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:083106. [PMID: 21895232 DOI: 10.1063/1.3624694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a tomographic characterization of gas jets employed for high-intensity laser-plasma interaction experiments where the shape can be non-symmetrically. With a Mach-Zehnder interferometer we measured the phase shift for different directions through the neutral density distribution of the gas jet. From the recorded interferograms it is possible to retrieve 3-dimensional neutral density distributions by tomographic reconstruction based on the filtered back projections. We report on criteria for the smallest number of recorded interferograms as well as a comparison with the widely used phase retrieval based on an Abel inversion. As an example for the performance of our approach, we present the characterization of nozzles with rectangular openings or gas jets with shock waves. With our setup we obtained a spatial resolution of less than 60 μm for an Argon density as low as 2 × 10(17) cm(-3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Landgraf
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|