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Wakui K, Tsujimoto Y, Fujiwara M, Morohashi I, Kishimoto T, China F, Yabuno M, Miki S, Terai H, Sasaki M, Takeoka M. Ultra-high-rate nonclassical light source with 50 GHz-repetition-rate mode-locked pump pulses and multiplexed single-photon detectors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22399-22411. [PMID: 32752502 DOI: 10.1364/oe.397030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heralded single photons (HSPs) and entangled photon pairs (EPPs) via spontaneous parametric down-conversion are essential tools for the development of photonic quantum information technologies. In this paper, we report a novel ultra-high-rate nonclassical light source realized by developing 50 GHz-repetition-rate mode-locked pump pulses and multiplexed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The presence of the single-photon state in the heralded photons with our setup was indicated by the second-order intensity correlation below 1/2 at the heralding rate over 20 Mcps. Even at the rate beyond 50 Mcps, the nonclassicality was still observed with the intensity correlation below unity. Moreover, our setup is also applicable to the polarization-EPP experiment, where we obtained the maximum coincidence rate of 1.6 Mcps with the fidelity of 0.881 ± (0.254 × 10-3) to the maximally entangled state. Our versatile source could be a promising tool to explore various large-scale quantum-photonic experiments with low success probability and heavy attenuation.
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Lubin G, Tenne R, Michel Antolovic I, Charbon E, Bruschini C, Oron D. Quantum correlation measurement with single photon avalanche diode arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:32863-32882. [PMID: 31878363 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.032863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Temporal photon correlation measurement, instrumental to probing the quantum properties of light, typically requires multiple single photon detectors. Progress in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array technology highlights their potential as high-performance detector arrays for quantum imaging and photon number-resolving (PNR) experiments. Here, we demonstrate this potential by incorporating a novel on-chip SPAD array with 42% peak photon detection efficiency, low dark count rate and crosstalk probability of 0.14% per detection in a confocal microscope. This enables reliable measurements of second and third order photon correlations from a single quantum dot emitter. Our analysis overcomes the inter-detector optical crosstalk background even though it is over an order of magnitude larger than our faint signal. To showcase the vast application space of such an approach, we implement a recently introduced super-resolution imaging method, quantum image scanning microscopy (Q-ISM).
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Tiedau J, Meyer-Scott E, Nitsche T, Barkhofen S, Bartley TJ, Silberhorn C. A high dynamic range optical detector for measuring single photons and bright light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1-15. [PMID: 30645350 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Detecting light is fundamental to all optical experiments and applications. At the single photon level, the quantized nature of light requires specialised detectors, which typically saturate when more than one photon is incident. Here, we report on a massively-multiplexed single-photon detector, which exploits the saturation regime of a single click detector to exhibit a dynamic range of 123 dB, enabling measurement from optical energies as low as 10- 7 photons per pulse to ∼ 2.5 × 105photons per pulse. This allows us to calibrate a single photon detector directly to a power meter, as well as characterize the nonclassical features of a variety of quantum states.
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Liu C, Ren Y, Zhao J, Mirhosseini M, Hashemi Rafsanjani SM, Xie G, Pang K, Song H, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Li L, Bienfang JC, Migdall A, Brun TA, Tur M, Boyd RW, Willner AE. Switchable detector array scheme to reduce the effect of single-photon detector's deadtime in a multi-bit/photon quantum link. OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 441:10.1016/j.optcom.2019.01.081. [PMID: 31551611 PMCID: PMC6758556 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explore the use of a switchable single-photon detector (SPD) array scheme to reduce the effect of a detector's deadtime for a multi-bit/photon quantum link. The case of data encoding using M possible orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) states is specifically studied in this paper. Our method uses N SPDs with a controllable M × N optical switch and we use a Monte Carlo-based method to simulate the quantum detection process. The simulation results show that with the use of the switchable SPD array, the detection system can allow a higher incident photon rate than what might otherwise be limited by detectors' deadtime. For the case of M = 4, N = 20, a 50-ns deadtime for the individual SPDs, an average photon number per pulse of 0.1, and under the limit that at most 10 % of the photon-containing pulses are missed, the switchable SPD array will allow an incident photon rate of 2250 million counts/s (Mcts/s). This is 25 times the 90 Mcts/s incident photon rate that a non-switchable, 4-SPD array will allow. The increase in incident photon rate is more than the 5 times increase, which is the simple increase in the number of SPDs and the number of OAM encoding states (e.g., N/M = 20/4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yongxiong Ren
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiapeng Zhao
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Mohammad Mirhosseini
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | | - Guodong Xie
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kai Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Haoqian Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Long Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bienfang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Alan Migdall
- National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Todd A. Brun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Moshe Tur
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Robert W. Boyd
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Alan E. Willner
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Eisaman MD, Fan J, Migdall A, Polyakov SV. Invited review article: Single-photon sources and detectors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:071101. [PMID: 21806165 DOI: 10.1063/1.3610677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We review the current status of single-photon-source and single-photon-detector technologies operating at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. We discuss applications of these technologies to quantum communication, a field currently driving much of the development of single-photon sources and detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Eisaman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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