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Rossi L, Gerritsen JW, Nelemans L, Khajetoorians AA, Bryant B. An ultra-compact low temperature scanning probe microscope for magnetic fields above 30 T. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:113706. [PMID: 30501346 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of a highly compact high field scanning probe microscope (HF-SPM) for operation at cryogenic temperatures in an extremely high magnetic field, provided by a water-cooled Bitter magnet able to reach 38 T. The HF-SPM is 14 mm in diameter: an Attocube nano-positioner controls the coarse approach of a piezoresistive atomic force microscopy cantilever to a scanned sample. The Bitter magnet constitutes an extreme environment for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) due to the high level of vibrational noise; the Bitter magnet noise at frequencies up to 300 kHz is characterized, and noise mitigation methods are described. The performance of the HF-SPM is demonstrated by topographic imaging and noise measurements at up to 30 T. Additionally, the use of the SPM as a three-dimensional dilatometer for magnetostriction measurements is demonstrated via measurements on a magnetically frustrated spinel sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rossi
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Gerritsen
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Nelemans
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A A Khajetoorians
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Bryant
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ding X, Chai YS, Balakirev F, Jaime M, Yi HT, Cheong SW, Sun Y, Zapf V. Measurement of the angle dependence of magnetostriction in pulsed magnetic fields using a piezoelectric strain gauge. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:085109. [PMID: 30184619 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a high resolution method for measuring magnetostriction in millisecond pulsed magnetic fields at cryogenic temperatures with a sensitivity of 1.11×10-11/Hz . The sample is bonded to a thin piezoelectric plate such that when the sample's length changes, it strains the piezoelectric and induces a voltage change. This method is more sensitive than a fiber-Bragg grating method. It measures two axes simultaneously instead of one. The gauge is small and versatile, functioning in DC and millisecond pulsed magnetic fields. We demonstrate its use by measuring the magnetostriction of Ca3Co1.03Mn0.97O6 single crystals in pulsed magnetic fields. By comparing our data to new and previously published results from a fiber-Bragg grating magnetostriction setup, we confirm that this method detects magnetostriction effects. We also demonstrate the small size and versatility of this technique by measuring angle dependence with respect to the applied magnetic field in a rotator probe in 65 T millisecond pulsed magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxin Ding
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Materials Physics and Applications (MPA)-Magnet (MAG) Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Yi-Sheng Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fedor Balakirev
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Materials Physics and Applications (MPA)-Magnet (MAG) Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Marcelo Jaime
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Materials Physics and Applications (MPA)-Magnet (MAG) Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Young Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivien Zapf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Materials Physics and Applications (MPA)-Magnet (MAG) Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Jaime M, Corvalán Moya C, Weickert F, Zapf V, Balakirev FF, Wartenbe M, Rosa PFS, Betts JB, Rodriguez G, Crooker SA, Daou R. Fiber Bragg Grating Dilatometry in Extreme Magnetic Field and Cryogenic Conditions. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112572. [PMID: 29117137 PMCID: PMC5713182 DOI: 10.3390/s17112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we review single mode SiO2 fiber Bragg grating techniques for dilatometry studies of small single-crystalline samples in the extreme environments of very high, continuous, and pulsed magnetic fields of up to 150 T and at cryogenic temperatures down to <1 K. Distinct millimeter-long materials are measured as part of the technique development, including metallic, insulating, and radioactive compounds. Experimental strategies are discussed for the observation and analysis of the related thermal expansion and magnetostriction of materials, which can achieve a strain sensitivity (ΔL/L) as low as a few parts in one hundred million (≈10−8). The impact of experimental artifacts, such as those originating in the temperature dependence of the fiber’s index of diffraction, light polarization rotation in magnetic fields, and reduced strain transfer from millimeter-long specimens, is analyzed quantitatively using analytic models available in the literature. We compare the experimental results with model predictions in the small-sample limit, and discuss the uncovered discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Jaime
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
- Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Carolina Corvalán Moya
- Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
- Gerencia de Materiales, Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica, Avda. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional Tres de Febrero, Valentín Gómez 4828, Caseros, B1678ABJ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Franziska Weickert
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Vivien Zapf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Fedor F Balakirev
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Mark Wartenbe
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Priscila F S Rosa
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Materials, Physics, and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Jonathan B Betts
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - George Rodriguez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Group, Materials, Physics, and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Scott A Crooker
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Ramzy Daou
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Sciences des Matériaux, Normandie Université, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen, Université de Caen Normandie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 14050 Caen, France.
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Küchler R, Wörl A, Gegenwart P, Berben M, Bryant B, Wiedmann S. The world's smallest capacitive dilatometer, for high-resolution thermal expansion and magnetostriction in high magnetic fields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083903. [PMID: 28863703 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For the characterization of novel quantum phases of matter, it is often required to study materials under multi-extreme conditions, in particular down to very low temperatures and in very high magnetic fields. We developed the world's smallest high-resolution capacitive dilatometer suitable for temperatures down to 10 mK and usage in high magnetic fields up to 37.5 T. Despite the extreme miniaturization, the capacitive dilatometer can resolve length changes down to 0.01 Å. This is an unprecedented resolution in a capacitive dilatometer of this compact size. Many cryogenic devices have limited space. Due to the extremely reduced cell size (3 cm3, 12 g), implementation or new applications in many of these sample space lacking devices are now possible. As an important example, the minute device can now be rotated in any standard cryostat, including dilution refrigerators or the commercial physical property measurement system. The present super compact design provides also for high resolution thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements in a 15.2 mm diameter tube, enabling its use in the 32 mm bore, 37.5 T Bitter magnet at the High Field Magnet Laboratory in Nijmegen down to a temperature of 300 mK.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Küchler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer St. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Wörl
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Gegenwart
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - M Berben
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL) and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Bryant
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL) and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Wiedmann
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL) and Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Küchler R, Stingl C, Gegenwart P. A uniaxial stress capacitive dilatometer for high-resolution thermal expansion and magnetostriction under multiextreme conditions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:073903. [PMID: 27475567 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermal expansion and magnetostriction are directional dependent thermodynamic quantities. For the characterization of novel quantum phases of matter, it is required to study materials under multi-extreme conditions, in particular, down to very low temperatures, in very high magnetic fields or under high pressure. We developed a miniaturized capacitive dilatometer suitable for temperatures down to 20 mK and usage in high magnetic fields, which exerts a large spring force between 40 to 75 N on the sample. This corresponds to a uniaxial stress up to 3 kbar for a sample with cross section of (0.5 mm)(2). We describe design and performance test of the dilatometer which resolves length changes with high resolution of 0.02 Å at low temperatures. The miniaturized device can be utilized in any standard cryostat, including dilution refrigerators or the commercial physical property measurement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Küchler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Stingl
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Gegenwart
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
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Küchler R, Bauer T, Brando M, Steglich F. A compact and miniaturized high resolution capacitance dilatometer for measuring thermal expansion and magnetostriction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:095102. [PMID: 23020414 DOI: 10.1063/1.4748864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design, construction, calibration, and two different applications of a miniature capacitance dilatometer. The device is suitable for thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements from 300 K down to about 25 mK, with a resolution of 0.02 Å at low temperatures. The main body of the dilatometer is fabricated from a single block of a Be-Cu alloy by electrical discharge milling. This creates an extremely compact high-resolution measuring cell. We have successfully tested and operated dilatometers of this new type with the commonly used physical property measurement system by quantum design, as well as with several other cryogenic refrigeration systems down to 25 mK and in magnetic fields up to 20 T. Here, the capacitance is measured with a commercially available capacitance bridge. Using a piezoelectric rotator from Attocube Systems, the cell can be rotated at T = 25 mK inside of an inner vacuum chamber of 40 mm diameter. The miniaturized design for the one-axis rotation setup allows a rotation of 360°.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Küchler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Daou R, Weickert F, Nicklas M, Steglich F, Haase A, Doerr M. High resolution magnetostriction measurements in pulsed magnetic fields using fiber Bragg gratings. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:033909. [PMID: 20370194 DOI: 10.1063/1.3356980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new high resolution apparatus for measuring magnetostriction suitable for use at cryogenic temperatures in pulsed high magnetic fields which we have developed at the Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden. Optical fiber strain gauges based on fiber Bragg gratings are used to measure the strain in small (approximately 1 mm) samples. We describe the implementation of a fast measurement system capable of resolving strains in the order of 10(-7) with a full bandwidth of 47 kHz, and demonstrate its use on single crystal samples of GdSb and GdSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzy Daou
- Max Planck Institute for the Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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