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Simoncig A, Manfredda M, Rösner B, Mahne N, Raimondi L, Capotondi F, Pedersoli E, De Ninno G, Parisse P, Zangrando M. Tomography of a seeded free-electron laser focal spot: qualitative and quantitative comparison of two reconstruction methods for spot size characterization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:36086-36099. [PMID: 34809028 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Performing experiments at free-electron lasers (FELs) requires an exhaustive knowledge of the pulse temporal and spectral profile, as well as the focal spot shape and size. Operating FELs in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) spectral regions calls for designing ad-hoc optical layouts to transport and characterize the EUV/SXR beam, as well as tailoring its spatial dimensions at the focal plane down to sizes in the few micrometers range. At the FERMI FEL (Trieste, Italy) this task is carried out by the Photon Analysis Delivery and Reduction System (PADReS). In particular, to meet the different experimental requests on the focal spot shape and size, a proper tuning of the optical systems is required, and this should be monitored by means of dedicated techniques. Here, we present and compare two reconstruction methods for spot characterization: single-shot imprints captured via ablation on a poly(methyl methacrylate) sample (PMMA) and pulse profiles retrieved by means of a Hartmann wavefront sensor (WFS). By recording complementary datasets at and nearby the focal plane, we exploit the tomography of the pulse profile along the beam propagation axis, as well as a qualitative and quantitative comparison between these two reconstruction methods.
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2
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Desjardins K, Medjoubi K, Sacchi M, Popescu H, Gaudemer R, Belkhou R, Stanescu S, Swaraj S, Besson A, Vijayakumar J, Pautard S, Noureddine A, Mercère P, Da Silva P, Orsini F, Menneglier C, Jaouen N. Backside-illuminated scientific CMOS detector for soft X-ray resonant scattering and ptychography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1577-1589. [PMID: 33147182 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752001262x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impressive progress in the performance of synchrotron radiation sources is nowadays driven by the so-called `ultimate storage ring' projects which promise an unprecedented improvement in brightness. Progress on the detector side has not always been at the same pace, especially as far as soft X-ray 2D detectors are concerned. While the most commonly used detectors are still based on microchannel plates or CCD technology, recent developments of CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)-type detectors will play an ever more important role as 2D detectors in the soft X-ray range. This paper describes the capabilities and performance of a camera equipped with a newly commercialized backside-illuminated scientific CMOS (sCMOS-BSI) sensor, integrated in a vacuum environment, for soft X-ray experiments at synchrotron sources. The 4 Mpixel sensor reaches a frame rate of up to 48 frames s-1 while matching the requirements for X-ray experiments in terms of high-intensity linearity (>98%), good spatial homogeneity (<1%), high charge capacity (up to 80 ke-), and low readout noise (down to 2 e- r.m.s.) and dark current (3 e- per second per pixel). Performance evaluations in the soft X-ray range have been carried out at the METROLOGIE beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron. The quantum efficiency, spatial resolution (24 line-pairs mm-1), energy resolution (<100 eV) and radiation damage versus the X-ray dose (<600 Gy) have been measured in the energy range from 40 to 2000 eV. In order to illustrate the capabilities of this new sCMOS-BSI sensor, several experiments have been performed at the SEXTANTS and HERMES soft X-ray beamlines of the SOLEIL synchrotron: acquisition of a coherent diffraction pattern from a pinhole at 186 eV, a scattering experiment from a nanostructured Co/Cu multilayer at 767 eV and ptychographic imaging in transmission at 706 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kadda Medjoubi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Maurizio Sacchi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Horia Popescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Roland Gaudemer
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Rachid Belkhou
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Stefan Stanescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Sufal Swaraj
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Adrien Besson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Mercère
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Paulo Da Silva
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Fabienne Orsini
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | | | - Nicolas Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
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3
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Menteş TO, Genuzio F, Schánilec V, Sadílek J, Rougemaille N, Locatelli A. Coherent x-ray scattering in an XPEEM setup. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 216:113035. [PMID: 32544784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, one of the most successful imaging tools at synchrotrons, is known to have limitations related to the application of external fields and to the short electron mean free path. In order to overcome such issues, we adapt an existing XPEEM instrument to simultaneously perform coherent x-ray scattering measurements in reflectivity mode, thus adding a complementary method to XPEEM. Photon-in photon-out x-ray scattering provides the sensitivity to buried interfaces as well as the possibility to work under external fields, which is challenging when using charged particles for imaging. XPEEM, in turn, greatly alleviates the difficulties associated with the reconstruction methods used in coherent diffraction imaging. The combination of the two methods is demonstrated for an artifical spin-ice lattice showing both chemical and magnetic contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Menteş
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza-Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - F Genuzio
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza-Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - V Schánilec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, Grenoble 38000, France; Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Sadílek
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - N Rougemaille
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - A Locatelli
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza-Trieste 34149, Italy
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4
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Manfredda M, Raimondi L, Mahne N, Zangrando M. Focal shift induced by source displacements and optical figure errors. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1503-1513. [PMID: 31490138 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work the longitudinal shifts of the focal plane of an ellipsoidal mirror induced by longitudinal shifts of the source and by the optical figure error of the mirror itself are investigated. The case of an ideal mirror illuminated by a Gaussian beam is considered first, deriving an analytical formula predicting the source-to-focus shift. Then the realistic case of a mirror affected by surface shape defects is examined, by taking into account metrological data and numerically solving the Huygens-Fresnel integral. The analytical and numerical solutions in the ideal and real cases are compared. Finally, it is shown that an additional dependence of the focal shift is introduced on the wavelength and the pointing angle of the source. Both effects are investigated by numerical computations. We limit the treatment in the XUV spectral range, choosing as a test bench the Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror system of the DiProI and LDM end-stations and at the FERMI seeded free-electron laser (FEL). The work is primarily aimed at disentangling the different causes of focal shift at FEL light sources, where source position, wavelength and pointing angle are either tunable or rapidly fluctuating. The method can be easily extended to parabolic reflectors and refractors (lenses) with other kinds of illuminating sources and wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Nicola Mahne
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali - CNR, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
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5
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Raimondi L, Manfredda M, Mahne N, Cocco D, Capotondi F, Pedersoli E, Kiskinova M, Zangrando M. Kirkpatrick-Baez active optics system at FERMI: system performance analysis. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1462-1472. [PMID: 31490133 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519007938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
FERMI is the first and only seeded EUV-SXR free-electron laser (FEL) facility available to users; it operates at Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste (Italy) and it presents five operating endstations. Three of them, namely LDM (Low Density Matter), DiProI (Diffraction and Projection Imaging) and MagneDyn (Magneto-Dynamical studies), use a Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) active X-ray optics system to focus the FEL pulses into the experimental chambers. The present work reports on the final results of the upgraded KB Active Optics Systems (KAOS), which have been mechanically modified in order to improve stability and repeatability with respect to the original design. The results have been obtained on both the FERMI FEL lines, FEL1 and FEL2, and are particularly relevant for the latter as it is the low-wavelength line recently opened to users. After a thorough description of the new mechanical layout of the system and the aspects that have been improved after the refurbishment, a set of simulations of the optical performances are presented. The code used to simulate the behavior of KAOS is WISEr, a physical-optics-based tool, which is freely accessible, and integrated into the Oasys platform, that takes into account the specific surface metrology characterization of the beamline mirrors, including figure errors and microroughness power spectral density. The results of WISEr are then used as a reference for the actual optimization of the optical system. This procedure relies heavily on a wavefront sensor (WFS) mounted out of focus to optimize the refocusing mirrors alignment as well as their curvature bending (by minimization of the coefficients of the Zernike wavefront expansion). Moreover, the WFS data are used to reconstruct the focal spot parameters by means of a back-propagation of the electric field. Finally, these results are compared with those obtained after the FEL ablation of a PMMA layer positioned on the focal plane, and analyzed ex situ in a post-mortem fashion. The mechanically refurbished optical system and the multi-technique alignment approach, aimed at optimizing the mirrors' curvature, pitch and roll angles, allowed a focal spot of 1.8 µm × 2.4 µm at 4.14 nm wavelength (FEL2) to be inferred, confirmed by the PMMA ablation imprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Manfredda
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Mahne
- IOM-CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SS 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Cocco
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, MS-19, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maya Kiskinova
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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6
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Gutt C, Sant T, Ksenzov D, Capotondi F, Pedersoli E, Raimondi L, Nikolov IP, Kiskinova M, Jaiswal S, Jakob G, Kläui M, Zabel H, Pietsch U. Probing ultrafast changes of spin and charge density profiles with resonant XUV magnetic reflectivity at the free-electron laser FERMI. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:055101. [PMID: 28713843 PMCID: PMC5500121 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of resonant magnetic XUV reflectivity experiments performed at the XUV free-electron laser FERMI. Circularly polarized XUV light with the photon energy tuned to the Fe M2,3 edge is used to measure resonant magnetic reflectivities and the corresponding Q-resolved asymmetry of a Permalloy/Ta/Permalloy trilayer film. The asymmetry exhibits ultrafast changes on 240 fs time scales upon pumping with ultrashort IR laser pulses. Depending on the value of the wavevector transfer Qz , we observe both decreasing and increasing values of the asymmetry parameter, which is attributed to ultrafast changes in the vertical spin and charge density profiles of the trilayer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gutt
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - T Sant
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - D Ksenzov
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - F Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - I P Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Kiskinova
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - G Jakob
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kläui
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - U Pietsch
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
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7
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Sala S, Daurer BJ, Hantke MF, Ekeberg T, Loh ND, Maia FRNC, Thibault P. Ptychographic imaging for the characterization of X-ray free-electron laser beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/849/1/012032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Dynamics of the MnAs α/β-Striped Microstructure and of the Fe Magnetization Reversal in Fe/MnAs/GaAs(001): An Optical-Laser Pump–Free-Electron-Laser Probe Scattering Experiment. PHOTONICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Element Selective Probe of the Ultra-Fast Magnetic Response to an Element Selective Excitation in Fe-Ni Compounds Using a Two-Color FEL Source. PHOTONICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics4010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Merolle L, Altissimo M, Bianco A. Current status of the TwinMic beamline at Elettra: a soft X-ray transmission and emission microscopy station. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1526-1537. [PMID: 27787260 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516014405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current status of the TwinMic beamline at Elettra synchrotron light source, that hosts the European twin X-ray microscopy station, is reported. The X-ray source, provided by a short hybrid undulator with source size and divergence intermediate between bending magnets and conventional undulators, is energy-tailored using a collimated plane-grating monochromator. The TwinMic spectromicroscopy experimental station combines scanning and full-field imaging in a single instrument, with contrast modes such as absorption, differential phase, interference and darkfield. The implementation of coherent diffractive imaging modalities and ptychography is ongoing. Typically, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy images are simultaneously collected in transmission and differential phase contrast and can be complemented by chemical and elemental analysis using across-absorption-edge imaging, X-ray absorption near-edge structure or low-energy X-ray fluorescence. The lateral resolutions depend on the particular imaging and contrast mode chosen. The TwinMic range of applications covers diverse research fields such as biology, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, environment, geochemistry, food, agriculture and materials science. They will be illustrated in the paper with representative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Matteo Altissimo
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Anna Bianco
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
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11
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Widely tunable two-colour seeded free-electron laser source for resonant-pump resonant-probe magnetic scattering. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10343. [PMID: 26757813 PMCID: PMC4735510 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of free-electron laser (FEL) sources delivering two synchronized pulses of different wavelengths (or colours) has made available a whole range of novel pump–probe experiments. This communication describes a major step forward using a new configuration of the FERMI FEL-seeded source to deliver two pulses with different wavelengths, each tunable independently over a broad spectral range with adjustable time delay. The FEL scheme makes use of two seed laser beams of different wavelengths and of a split radiator section to generate two extreme ultraviolet pulses from distinct portions of the same electron bunch. The tunability range of this new two-colour source meets the requirements of double-resonant FEL pump/FEL probe time-resolved studies. We demonstrate its performance in a proof-of-principle magnetic scattering experiment in Fe–Ni compounds, by tuning the FEL wavelengths to the Fe and Ni 3p resonances. Two-colour X-ray free electron laser is a powerful tool for pump–probe measurements, but currently constrained by limited tunability. Here, Ferrari et al. develop a configuration that allows tuning both the pump and the probe to specific electronic excitations, providing element selectivity.
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12
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Capotondi F, Pedersoli E, Bencivenga F, Manfredda M, Mahne N, Raimondi L, Svetina C, Zangrando M, Demidovich A, Nikolov I, Danailov M, Masciovecchio C, Kiskinova M. Multipurpose end-station for coherent diffraction imaging and scattering at FERMI@Elettra free-electron laser facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:544-552. [PMID: 25931067 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Diffraction and Projection Imaging (DiProI) beamline at FERMI, the Elettra free-electron laser (FEL), hosts a multi-purpose station that has been opened to users since the end of 2012. This paper describes the core capabilities of the station, designed to make use of the unique features of the FERMI-FEL for performing a wide range of static and dynamic scattering experiments. The various schemes for time-resolved experiments, employing both soft X-ray FEL and seed laser IR radiation are presented by using selected recent results. The ongoing upgrade is adding a reflection geometry setup for scattering experiments, expanding the application fields by providing both high lateral and depth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Michele Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Nicola Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Cristian Svetina
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | | | - Ivaylo Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Miltcho Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | | | - Maya Kiskinova
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
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13
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Spezzani C, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Vidal F, Ciavardini A, Delaunay R, Capotondi F, Pedersoli E, Coreno M, Svetina C, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, Ivanov R, Nikolov I, Demidovich A, Danailov MB, Popescu H, Eddrief M, De Ninno G, Kiskinova M, Sacchi M. Magnetization and microstructure dynamics in Fe/MnAs/GaAs(001): Fe magnetization reversal by a femtosecond laser pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:247202. [PMID: 25541801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.247202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thin film magnetization reversal without applying external fields is an attractive perspective for applications in sensors and devices. One way to accomplish it is by fine-tuning the microstructure of a magnetic substrate via temperature control, as in the case of a thin Fe layer deposited on a MnAs/GaAs(001) template. This work reports a time-resolved resonant scattering study exploring the magnetic and structural properties of the Fe/MnAs system, using a 100 fs optical laser pulse to trigger local temperature variations and a 100 fs x-ray free-electron laser pulse to probe the induced magnetic and structural dynamics. The experiment provides direct evidence that a single optical laser pulse can reverse the Fe magnetization locally. It reveals that the time scale of the magnetization reversal is slower than that of the MnAs structural transformations triggered by the optical pulse, which take place after a few picoseconds already.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Spezzani
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Vidal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-ISM, via Salaria km 29, 300-00016 Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - R Delaunay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7614, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - F Capotondi
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Pedersoli
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy and CNR-ISM, via Salaria km 29, 300-00016 Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - C Svetina
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Graduate School of Nanotechnology, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Zangrando
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Ivanov
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - I Nikolov
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Demidovich
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M B Danailov
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - H Popescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - M Eddrief
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - G De Ninno
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Kiskinova
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Sacchi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, France
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14
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Two-colour pump-probe experiments with a twin-pulse-seed extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2476. [PMID: 24048228 PMCID: PMC3791458 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of matter driven to extreme non-equilibrium states by an intense ultrashort X-ray pulse is becoming reality, thanks to the advent of free-electron laser technology that allows development of different schemes for probing the response at variable time delay with a second pulse. Here we report the generation of two-colour extreme ultraviolet pulses of controlled wavelengths, intensity and timing by seeding of high-gain harmonic generation free-electron laser with multiple independent laser pulses. The potential of this new scheme is demonstrated by the time evolution of a titanium-grating diffraction pattern, tuning the two coherent pulses to the titanium M-resonance and varying their intensities. This reveals that an intense pulse induces abrupt pattern changes on a time scale shorter than hydrodynamic expansion and ablation. This result exemplifies the essential capabilities of the jitter-free multiple-colour free-electron laser pulse sequences to study evolving states of matter with element sensitivity. Free-electron lasers are a powerful new tool for studying properties and transient states of matter. Here, the authors use a novel seed scheme for generation of two XUV laser pulses of controlled wavelength and time separation that enables access to ultrafast phenomena with elemental sensitivity.
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15
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Bencivenga F, Capotondi F, Casolari F, Dallari F, Danailov MB, De Ninno G, Fausti D, Kiskinova M, Manfredda M, Masciovecchio C, Pedersoli E. Multi-colour pulses from seeded free-electron-lasers: towards the development of non-linear core-level coherent spectroscopies. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:487-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on new opportunities for ultrafast science thanks to the use of two-colour extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses at the FERMI free electron laser (FEL) facility. The two pulses have been employed to carry out a pioneering FEL-pump/FEL-probe diffraction experiment using a Ti target and tuning the FEL pulses to the M2/3-edge in order to explore the dependence of the dielectric constant on the excitation fluence. The future impact that the use of such a two-colour FEL emission will have on the development of ultrafast wave-mixing methods in the XUV/soft X-ray range is addressed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A
- Basovizza, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics
- Nova Gorica, SI-5000, Slovenia
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16
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Capotondi F, Pedersoli E, Mahne N, Menk RH, Passos G, Raimondi L, Svetina C, Sandrin G, Zangrando M, Kiskinova M, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Fleckenstein H, Chapman HN, Schulz J, Bach J, Frömter R, Schleitzer S, Müller L, Gutt C, Grübel G. Invited article: Coherent imaging using seeded free-electron laser pulses with variable polarization: first results and research opportunities. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:051301. [PMID: 23742525 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
FERMI@Elettra, the first vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) using by default a "seeded" scheme, became operational in 2011 and has been opened to users since December 2012. The parameters of the seeded FERMI FEL pulses and, in particular, the superior control of emitted radiation in terms of spectral purity and stability meet the stringent requirements for single-shot and resonant coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) experiments. The advantages of the intense seeded FERMI pulses with variable polarization have been demonstrated with the first experiments performed using the multipurpose experimental station operated at the diffraction and projection imaging (DiProI) beamline. The results reported here were obtained with fixed non-periodic targets during the commissioning period in 2012 using 20-32 nm wavelength range. They demonstrate that the performance of the FERMI FEL source and the experimental station meets the requirements of CDI, holography, and resonant magnetic scattering in both multi- and single-shot modes. Moreover, we present the first magnetic scattering experiments employing the fully circularly polarized FERMI pulses. The ongoing developments aim at pushing the lateral resolution by using shorter wavelengths provided by double-stage cascaded FERMI FEL-2 and probing ultrafast dynamic processes using different pump-probe schemes, including jitter-free seed laser pump or FEL-pump∕FEL-probe with two color FEL pulses generated by the same electron bunch.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capotondi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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17
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Müller L, Gutt C, Streit-Nierobisch S, Walther M, Schaffert S, Pfau B, Geilhufe J, Büttner F, Flewett S, Günther CM, Eisebitt S, Kobs A, Hille M, Stickler D, Frömter R, Oepen HP, Lüning J, Grübel G. Endstation for ultrafast magnetic scattering experiments at the free-electron laser in Hamburg. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:013906. [PMID: 23387667 DOI: 10.1063/1.4773543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An endstation for pump-probe small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments at the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) is presented. The endstation houses a solid-state absorber, optical incoupling for pump-probe experiments, time zero measurement, sample chamber, and detection unit. It can be used at all FLASH beamlines in the whole photon energy range offered by FLASH. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by showing the results of resonant magnetic SAXS measurements on cobalt-platinum multilayer samples grown on freestanding Si(3)N(4) membranes and pump-laser-induced grid structures in multilayer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Corso AJ, Zuppella P, Windt DL, Zangrando M, Pelizzo MG. Extreme ultraviolet multilayer for the FERMI@Elettra free electron laser beam transport system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:8006-8014. [PMID: 22453472 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the design of a Pd/B₄C multilayer structure optimized for high reflectance at 6.67 nm. The structure has been deposited and also characterized along one year in order to investigate its temporal stability. This coating has been developed for the beam transport system of FERMI@Elettra Free Electron Laser: the use of an additional aperiodic capping layer on top of the structure combines the high reflectance with filter properties useful in rejecting the fundamental harmonic when the goal is to select the third FEL harmonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jody Corso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-rays Optical Research, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
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