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Borràs VJ, González-Vázquez J, Argenti L, Martín F. Attosecond photoionization delays in the vicinity of molecular Feshbach resonances. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade3855. [PMID: 37043566 PMCID: PMC10096576 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Temporal delays extracted from photoionization phases are currently determined with attosecond resolution by using interferometric methods. Such methods require special care when photoionization occurs near Feshbach resonances due to the interference between direct ionization and autoionization. Although theory can accurately handle these interferences in atoms, in molecules, it has to face an additional, so far insurmountable problem: Autoionization is slow, and nuclei move substantially while it happens, i.e., electronic and nuclear motions are coupled. Here, we present a theoretical framework to account for this effect and apply it to evaluate time-resolved and vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra and photoionization phases of N2 irradiated by a combination of an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse train and an infrared pulse. We show that Feshbach resonances lead to unusual non-Franck-Condon vibrational progressions and to ionization phases that strongly vary with photoelectron energy irrespective of the vibrational state of the remaining molecular cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent J. Borràs
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Argenti
- Department of Physics and CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32186, USA
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Fernández-Milán P, Borràs VJ, González-Vázquez J, Martín F. Photoionization of the water molecule with XCHEM. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134305. [PMID: 37031111 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated total and partial photoionization cross sections, β asymmetry parameters, and molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) of the water molecule by using the XCHEM methodology. This method accounts for electron correlation in the electronic continuum, which is crucial to describe Feshbach resonances and their autoionization decay. We have identified a large number of Feshbach resonances, some of them previously unknown, in the region between 12.2 and 18.7 eV, for which we provide energy positions and widths. Many of these resonances lead to pronounced peaks in the photoionization spectra, some of them remarkably wide (up to 0.2 eV, for resonances converging to the third ionization threshold), which should be observable in high-energy resolution experiments. We show that, in the vicinity of these peaks, both asymmetry parameters and MFPADs vary very rapidly with photoelectron energy, which, as in atoms and simpler molecules, reflects the interference between direct ionization and autoionization, which is mostly driven by electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernández-Milán
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V J Borràs
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Marggi Poullain S, Klinker M, González-Vázquez J, Martín F. Resonant photoionization of O 2 up to the fourth ionization threshold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16497-16504. [PMID: 31322631 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02150g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed theoretical study of valence-shell photoionization of the oxygen molecule by using the recently proposed XCHEM method. This method makes use of a hybrid Gaussian and B-spline basis in the framework of a close-coupling approach to describe electron correlation in the molecular electronic continuum at a level comparable to that provided by multi-reference configuration interaction methods in bound state calculations. The computed total and partial photoionization cross sections are presented and discussed, with emphasis on the series of autoionizing resonances that appear between the first and the fourth ionization thresholds, i.e., photon energies between 12 and 18 eV. More than fifty autoionizing states are identified, including series not previously reported in the literature, and their energy positions and widths are provided. The present results illustrate the potential of the XCHEM approach to accurately describe molecular autoionization, which is mostly due to electron correlation. This is relevant in view of current experimental efforts aimed at providing real-time (attosecond) imaging of autoionization dynamics in molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Marggi Poullain
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Markus Klinker
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Klinker M, Marante C, Argenti L, González-Vázquez J, Martín F. Electron Correlation in the Ionization Continuum of Molecules: Photoionization of N 2 in the Vicinity of the Hopfield Series of Autoionizing States. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:756-762. [PMID: 29364687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of autoionization lifetimes by using time-resolved experimental techniques is a promising approach when energy-resolved spectroscopic methods do not work. Attosecond time-resolved experiments have recently provided the first quantitative determination of autoionization lifetimes of the lowest members of the well-known Hopfield series of resonances in N2. In this work, we have used the recently developed XCHEM approach to study photoionization of the N2 molecule in the vicinity of these resonances. The XCHEM approach allows us to describe electron correlation in the molecular electronic continuum at a level similar to that provided by multireference configuration interaction methods in bound state calculations, a necessary condition to accurately describe autoionization, shakeup, and interchannel couplings occurring in this range of photon energies. Our results show that electron correlation leading to interchannel mixing is the main factor that determines the magnitude and shape of the N2 photoionization cross sections, as well as the lifetimes of the Hopfield resonances. At variance with recent speculations, nonadiabatic effects do not seem to play a significant role. These conclusions are supported by the very good agreement between the calculated cross sections and those determined in synchrotron radiation and attosecond experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Klinker
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain , EU
| | - Carlos Marante
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain , EU
| | - Luca Argenti
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain , EU
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain , EU
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain , EU
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid, Spain , EU
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain , EU
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Kostko O, Kim SK, Leone SR, Ahmed M. Mass-Analyzed Threshold Ionization (MATI) Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules Using VUV Synchrotron Radiation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14206-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9008338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Cao Z, Zhang B, Wang S, Kong R, Zhao Y, Shan X, Sheng L. Observation of mass analyzed threshold ionization using synchrotron radiation on a new-style time of flight mass spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:043104. [PMID: 17477646 DOI: 10.1063/1.2727462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and applicable apparatus that combines mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) with continuous molecular-beam mass spectrometry using tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. The new design, in which the spoiling field and the pulsed ionization field are perpendicular to each other, can obtain efficiently the ionic spectra of molecule. The MATI spectra of Ar and N(2) have been recorded in the energy region between 15.5 and 17.5 eV to illustrate the feasibility of this scheme. With its unique features, the important experiment considerations are potentially a powerful tool for study of information of ionization energies and ionic states of complex organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Huibei, PR China
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Shemansky DE. Evaluation of electron impact excitation of N2X1Σg+(0) into the N2+X2Σg+(v), A2Πu(v), and B2Σu+(v) states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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King GC, Zubek M, Rutter PM, Read FH. A high resolution threshold electron spectrometer for use in photoionisation studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/20/4/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Krummacher S, Schmidt V, Wuilleumier F. Inner-shell photoionisation in molecules: the nitrogen case. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/13/20/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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West JB, Codling K, Parr AC, Ederer DL, Cole BE, Stockbauer R, Dehmer JL. Branching ratios and photoelectron angular distributions through the Hopfield bands in N2between 650 and 730 AA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/14/11/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rubensson J, Lüning J, Neeb M, Küpper B, Eisebitt S, Eberhardt W. Photoelectron soft x-ray fluorescence coincidence spectroscopy on free molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:3919-3922. [PMID: 10061146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Merkt F, Guyon PM. The zero‐kinetic‐energy photoelectron spectrum of nitrogen between 15.5 and 26.5 eV. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Merkt F, Softley TP. Rotationally resolved zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectrum of nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:302-314. [PMID: 9907864 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Dujardin G, Leach S, Dutuit O, Govers T, Guyon PM. Autoionization processes insym‐trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene: Studies involving threshold photoelectrons and ion fluorescence. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.445813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kato T, Tanaka K, Koyano I. State selected ion–molecule reactions by a TESICO technique. V. N2+(v)+Ar→N2+Ar+. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.443899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tabche‐Fouhaile A, Ito K, Nenner I, Fröhlich H, Guyon PM. N+2(A→X) and N+2(B→X) fluorescence excitation spectra by photon impact. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.443639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Partial cross sections and density-of-states effects in the valence-band photoemission from solid nitrogen. Chem Phys Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(82)83499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stockbauer R. Threshold photoelectron spectra of atmospheric molecules. I. Description of method and application to H2, D2, and N2. J Chem Phys 1979. [DOI: 10.1063/1.437769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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