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Chen WC, Cheng YC. Elucidating the Magnitude of Internal Reorganization Energy of Molecular Excited States from the Perspective of Transition Density. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7644-7657. [PMID: 32864966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying vibronic couplings in molecular excited states is crucial for the elucidation of a broad range of photophysical phenomena. In this study, we compare different theoretical approaches for the calculation of reorganization energy, a measure of vibronic coupling strength, and provide a rigorous derivation to show that molecular transition density characterizing electron-hole excitation could be used to quantify the magnitude of reorganization energy. The theory enables a descriptor based on molecular-orbital coefficients and atomic transition densities to quantify the magnitude of reorganization energies in molecular excited states. Applying the approach to low-lying excited states of polyacenes, we demonstrate that transition density distribution explains the difference in the magnitude of the reorganization energy of different excited states. Furthermore, to clarify the applicability of the transition density descriptor in molecular design for small-reorganization energy molecules, we investigate a broad range of molecular chromophores to show the effectiveness of the proposed theory. With this perspective on the relationship between reorganization energy and transition density, we successfully provide a quantitative rule to identify π-conjugated systems with small reorganization energy in the excited state, which should be useful for the development of novel optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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2
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Structures of Annulenes and Model Annulene Systems in the Ground and Lowest Excited States. Symmetry (Basel) 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/sym2041846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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3
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Piuzzi F, Dimicoli I, Mons M, Millié P, Brenner V, Zhao Q, Soep B, Tramer A. Spectroscopy, dynamics and structures of jet formed anthracene clusters. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Moroni L, Salvi PR, Gellini C, Dellepiane G, Comoretto D, Cuniberti C. Two-Photon Spectroscopy of π-Conjugated Polymers: The Case of Poly[1,6-bis(3,6-dihexadecyl-N-carbazolyl)-2,4-hexadiyne] (PolyDCHD-HS). J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010677o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Catani L, Gellini C, Moroni L, Salvi PR. Two-Photon Fluorescence Excitation Spectrum of 1,6-Methano-[10]annulene. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Catani
- Laboratorio di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Gino Capponi 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gellini
- Laboratorio di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Gino Capponi 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Moroni
- Laboratorio di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Gino Capponi 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Pier Remigio Salvi
- Laboratorio di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Gino Capponi 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Nonresonant two-photon electronic spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules is reviewed for the period since 1979. Emphasis is placed on studies that expose patterns in the two-photon fluorescence (also ionization, optoacoustic) excitation spectra of aromatic hydrocarbons and the effect of vibrations and substitution, particularly within the framework of pseudoparity rules. A section is devoted to biological molecules and the emerging use of two-photon-induced fluorescence anisotropy. Relevant theoretical results are discussed, with emphasis on quantum chemical predictions of vibronic coupling and substituent effects on two-photon absorptivity and tensor properties of individual molecules. This chapter includes higher-order spectroscopy, and a limited number of three- and four-photon studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Callis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Catani L, Gellini C, Salvi PR, Marconi G. The low-lying excited states of 1,6-methan [10] annulene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(96)04546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Jas GS, Wan C, Kuczera K, Johnson CK. Picosecond Time-Resolved Fourier-Transform Raman Spectroscopy and Normal-Mode Analysis of the Ground State and Singlet Excited State of Anthracene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960607v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gouri S. Jas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Chaozhi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Krzysztof Kuczera
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Carey K. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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Gellini C, Salvi P, Orlic N. Inductive effects in alternants hydrocarbons: the two-photon spectra of biphenylene and 2,3,6,7-tetra-ethyl-biphenylene. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)01101-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Wortmann R, Elich K, Lebus S, Liptay W. Experimental determination of theS1torsional potential of 9,9’‐bianthryl in 2‐methyl‐butane by simultaneous Franck–Condon and band shape analysis of temperature dependent optical fluorescence spectra. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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15
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Nickel B, Karbach HJ. Complete spectra of the delayed luminescence from aromatic compounds in liquid solutions: On the observability of direct radiative triplet-triplet annihilation. Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(90)89015-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lindrum M, Nickel B. Transient spectral hole-burning in the S0→S1 absorption band of anthracene in a polymethylmethacrylate matrix. Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(90)80078-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gutmann M, Baum H, Gonska H, Schönzart PF, Hohlneicher G. High-resolution one- and two-photon spectroscopy of matrix-isolated molecules. I. Construction and performance of the spectrometer. Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(90)89052-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zerbetto F, Zgierski MZ. Theoretical analysis of Franck-Condon and vibronic activity of the ag and b3g modes in the S0↔ S1 transitions in anthracene. Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(88)87103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Theoretical studies on the two-photon vibronic spectra of azines: Pyridine, pyrazine and pyrimidine. Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(88)85001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Marconi G, Venuti E. Vibronic activity in the two-photon spectrum of pyrimidine. J Mol Struct 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(98)80068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marconi G. Vibronic activity in MCD spectra: Calculation of the induced B terms in the “orbital following” framework. Chem Phys Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(88)87441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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