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Rotermund BM, Mezyk SP, Sperling JM, Beck NB, Wineinger H, Cook AR, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Horne GP. Chemical Kinetics for the Oxidation of Californium(III) Ions with Select Radiation-Induced Inorganic Radicals (Cl 2•- and SO 4•-). J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:590-598. [PMID: 38215218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite the availability of transuranic elements increasing in recent years, our understanding of their most basic and inherent radiation chemistry is limited and yet essential for the accurate interpretation of their physical and chemical properties. Here, we explore the transient interactions between trivalent californium ions (Cf 3 + ) and select inorganic radicals arising from the radiolytic decomposition of common anions and functional group constituents, specifically the dichlorine (Cl2•-) and sulfate (SO4•-) radical anions. Chemical kinetics, as measured using integrated electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy techniques, are presented for the reactions of these two oxidizing radicals with Cf 3 + ions. The derived and ionic strength-corrected second-order rate coefficients (k) for these radiation-induced processes are k(Cf 3 + + Cl2•-) = (8.28 ± 0.61) × 105 M-1 s-1 and k(Cf 3 + + SO4•-) = (9.50 ± 0.43) × 108 M-1 s-1 under ambient temperature conditions (22 ± 1 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Rotermund
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Stephen P Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840-9507, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Nicholas B Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Hannah Wineinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Andrew R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Gregory P Horne
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho 83415, United States
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Janik I, Tripathi GNR. The selenocyanate dimer radical anion in water: Transient Raman spectra, structure, and reaction dynamics. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094304. [PMID: 30849895 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenocyanate dimer radical anion (SeCN)2 •-, prepared by electron pulse irradiation of selenocyanate anion (SeCN)- in water, has been examined by transient absorption, time-resolved Raman spectra, and range-separated hybrid density functional (ωB97x and LC-ωPBE) theory. The Raman spectrum, excited in resonance with the 450 nm (λmax) absorption of the radical, is dominated by a very strong band at 140.5 cm-1, associated with the Se-Se stretching vibration, its overtones and combinations. A striking feature of the (SeCN)2 •- Raman spectrum is the relative sharpness of the 140.5 cm-1 band compared to the S-S band at 220 cm-1 in thiocyanate radical anion (SCN)2 •-, the difference of which is explained in terms of a time-averaged site effect. Calculations, which reproduce experimental frequencies fairly well, predict a molecular geometry with the SeSe bond length of 2.917 (±0.04) Å, the SeC bond length of 1.819 (±0.004) Å, and the CN bond length of 1.155 (±0.002) Å. An anharmonicity of 0.44 cm-1 has been determined for the 140.5 cm-1 Se-Se vibration which led to a dissociation energy of ∼1.4 eV for the SeSe bond, using the Morse potential in a diatomic approximation. This value, estimated for the radical confined in a solvent cage, compares well with the calculated gas-phase energy, 1.32 ± 0.04 eV, required for the radical to dissociate into (SeCN)• and (SeCN)- fragments. The enthalpy of dissociation in water has been measured (0.36 eV) and compared with the value estimated by accounting for the solvent dielectric effects in structural calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Janik
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - G N R Tripathi
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamaguchi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
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Kelm M, Metz V, Bohnert E, Janata E, Bube C. Interaction of hydrogen with radiolysis products in NaCl solution — comparing pulse radiolysis experiments with simulations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011; 80:426-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cole SK, Cooper WJ, Fox RV, Gardinali PR, Mezyk SP, Mincher BJ, O'Shea KE. Free radical chemistry of disinfection byproducts. 2. Rate constants and degradation mechanisms of trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin). Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:863-9. [PMID: 17328195 DOI: 10.1021/es061410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Absolute rate constants for the free-radical-induced degradation of trichloronitromethane (TCNM, chloropicrin) were determined using electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy. Rate constants for hydroxyl radical, *OH, and hydrated electron, e(aq)-, reactions were (4.97 +/- 0.28) x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) and (2.13 +/- 0.03) x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. It appears that the *OH adds to the nitro-group, while the e(aq)- reacts via dissociative electron attachment to give two carbon centered radicals. The mechanisms of these free radical reactions with TCNM were investigated, using 60Co gamma irradiation at various absorbed doses, measuring the disappearance of TCNM and the appearance of the product nitrate and chloride ions. The rate constants and mechanistic data were combined in a kinetic computer model that was used to describe the major free radical pathways for the destruction of TCNM in solution. These data are applicable to other advanced oxidation/reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kirkham Cole
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Old Dominion University, Kaufman Hall, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
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Karna S, Grein F, Engels B, Peyerimhoff S. Ab initio configuration-interaction studies of the ground state potential energy and hyperfine coupling constants of 35Cl- 2. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979000100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.P. Karna
- a Department of Chemistry , University of New Brunswick , Frederiction , N. B. , Canada , E3B 6E2
- c Department 48B/MS428 , IBM Corporation , Kingston , New York , 12401 , U.S.A
| | - Friedrich Grein
- a Department of Chemistry , University of New Brunswick , Frederiction , N. B. , Canada , E3B 6E2
| | - B. Engels
- b Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Wegelerstrasse 12, D-5300 , Bonn 1 , F.R. Germany
| | - S.D. Peyerimhoff
- b Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Wegelerstrasse 12, D-5300 , Bonn 1 , F.R. Germany
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Du Y, Guan X, Kwok WM, Chu LM, Phillips DL. Comparison of the Dehalogenation of Dihalomethanes (CH2XI, where X = Cl, Br, I) Following Ultraviolet Photolysis in Aqueous and NaCl Saltwater Environments. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:5872-82. [PMID: 16833922 DOI: 10.1021/jp0504928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet photolysis of low concentrations of CH(2)XI (X = Cl, Br, I) were investigated in water and saltwater solutions by photochemistry and picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. Photolysis in both kinds of solutions formed mostly CH(2)(OH)(2) and HI and HX products. However, photolysis of the CH(2)XI molecules in saltwater resulted in production of some CH(2)XCl products not observed in aqueous solutions without salt present. The appearance of these new products in saltwater solutions is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of CH(2)(OH)(2), HI, and HX products compared to photolysis in aqueous solutions without salt present. The possible implications for photolysis of CH(2)XI and other polyhalomethanes in seawater and other salt aqueous environments compared to nonsaltwater solvated environments is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China
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Zhu L, Nicovich JM, Wine PH. Kinetics Studies of Aqueous Phase Reactions of Cl Atoms and Cl2- Radicals with Organic Sulfur Compounds of Atmospheric Interest. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3903-11. [PMID: 16833708 DOI: 10.1021/jp044306u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A laser flash photolysis-long path UV-visible absorption technique has been employed to investigate the kinetics of aqueous phase reactions of chlorine atoms (Cl) and dichloride radicals (Cl2(-)) with four organic sulfur compounds of atmospheric interest, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; CH3S(O)CH3), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2; CH3(O)S(O)CH3), methanesulfinate (MSI; CH3S(O)O-), and methanesulfonate (MS; CH3(O)S(O)O-). Measured rate coefficients at T = 295 +/- 1 K (in units of M(-1) s(-1)) are as follows: Cl + DMSO, (6.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(9); Cl2(-) + DMSO, (1.6 +/- 0.8) x 10(7); Cl + DMSO2, (8.2 +/- 1.6) x 10(5); Cl2(-) + DMSO2, (8.2 +/- 5.5) x 10(3); Cl2(-) + MSI, (8.0 +/- 1.0) x 10(8); Cl + MS, (4.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(5); Cl2(-) + MS, (3.9 +/- 0.7) x 10(3). Reported uncertainties are estimates of accuracy at the 95% confidence level and the rate coefficients for MSI and MS reactions with Cl2(-) are corrected to the zero ionic strength limit. The absorption spectrum of the DMSO-Cl adduct is reported; peak absorbance is observed at 390 nm and the peak extinction coefficient is found to be 5760 M(-1) cm(-1) with a 2sigma uncertainty of +/-30%. Some implications of the new kinetics results for understanding the atmospheric sulfur cycle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Guan X, Du Y, Li YL, Kwok WM, Phillips DL. Comparison of the dehalogenation of polyhalomethanes and production of strong acids in aqueous and salt (NaCl) water environments: Ultraviolet photolysis of CH[sub 2]I[sub 2]. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8399-409. [PMID: 15511161 DOI: 10.1063/1.1803508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultraviolet photolysis of CH(2)I(2) was studied in water and salt water solutions using photochemistry and picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. Photolysis in both types of environments produces mainly CH(2)(OH)(2) and HI products. However, photolysis of CH(2)I(2) in salt water leads to the formation of different products/intermediates (CH(2)ICl and Cl(2) (-)) not observed in the absence of salt in aqueous solutions. The amount of CH(2)(OH)(2) and HI products appears to decrease after photolysis of CH(2)I(2) in salt water compared to pure water. We briefly discuss possible implications of these results for photolysis of CH(2)I(2) and other polyhalomethanes in sea water and other salt aqueous environments compared to nonsalt water solvated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Yu XY, Bao ZC, Barker JR. Free Radical Reactions Involving Cl•, Cl2-•, and SO4-• in the 248 nm Photolysis of Aqueous Solutions Containing S2O82- and Cl-. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036211i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - Zhen-Chuan Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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George C, Chovelon JM. A laser flash photolysis study of the decay of SO4- and Cl2- radical anions in the presence of Cl- in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 2002; 47:385-393. [PMID: 11999614 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The rate constant for the reaction of sulphate radical (SO4-) with Cl- has been determined using laser photolysis, at 248 nm, of peroxodisulphate anions to produce the radicals and time resolved optical absorption of the transient species (at 450 or 480 nm for SO4- and 350 nm for Cl2-) for the kinetic determinations. The experiments were performed, in the absence of added sulphate, as a function of temperature and ionic strength and yielded (at an ionic strength of 0.0157 M): kIV = (9.90+/-0.16) x 10(9) exp((-7.12+/-2.0) kJ mol(-1)/RT) M(-1) s(-1), where the errors reflect the 2sigma statistical error. This reaction produces Cl2-, the formation and decay of which were also monitored allowing a determination of the rate constant of its second-order self-recombination reaction which gave k = (6.50+/-1.40) x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) at 293 K and zero ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian George
- Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie à l'Environnement, CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France.
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German ED, Kuznetsov AM. Nonadiabatic Redox Reactions in Solution: A Model of Two Classical Morse Potentials and Its Comparison with Harmonic Approximation. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst D. German
- The A. N. Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lininskii prospect 31, 117 071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Kuznetsov
- The A. N. Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lininskii prospect 31, 117 071 Moscow, Russia
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