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Mitsumi M, Ezaki K, Komatsu Y, Toriumi K, Miyatou T, Mizuno M, Azuma N, Miyazaki Y, Nakano M, Kitagawa Y, Hanashima T, Kiyanagi R, Ohhara T, Nakasuji K. Proton Order-Disorder Phenomena in a Hydrogen-Bonded Rhodium-η(5)-Semiquinone Complex: A Possible Dielectric Response Mechanism. Chemistry 2015; 21:9682-96. [PMID: 26032896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A newly synthesized one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) rhodium(II)-η(5)-semiquinone complex, [Cp*Rh(η(5)-p-HSQ-Me4)]PF6 ([1]PF6; Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; HSQ = semiquinone) exhibits a paraelectric-antiferroelectric second-order phase transition at 237.1 K. Neutron and X-ray crystal structure analyses reveal that the H-bonded proton is disordered over two sites in the room-temperature (RT) phase. The phase transition would arise from this proton disorder together with rotation or libration of the Cp* ring and PF6(-) ion. The relative permittivity εb' along the H-bonded chains reaches relatively high values (ca., 130) in the RT phase. The temperature dependence of (13)C CP/MAS NMR spectra demonstrates that the proton is dynamically disordered in the RT phase and that the proton exchange has already occurred in the low-temperature (LT) phase. Rate constants for the proton exchange are estimated to be 10(-4)-10(-6) s in the temperature range of 240-270 K. DFT calculations predict that the protonation/deprotonation of [1](+) leads to interesting hapticity changes of the semiquinone ligand accompanied by reduction/oxidation by the π-bonded rhodium fragment, producing the stable η(6)-hydroquinone complex, [Cp*Rh(3+)(η(6)-p-H2Q-Me4)](2+) ([2](2+)), and η(4)-benzoquinone complex, [Cp*Rh(+)(η(4)-p-BQ-Me4)] ([3]), respectively. Possible mechanisms leading to the dielectric response are discussed on the basis of the migration of the protonic solitons comprising of [2](2+) and [3], which would be generated in the H-bonded chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Mitsumi
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo and, Research Center for New Functional Materials, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297 (Japan).
| | - Kazunari Ezaki
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo and, Research Center for New Functional Materials, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297 (Japan)
| | - Yuuki Komatsu
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo and, Research Center for New Functional Materials, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297 (Japan)
| | - Koshiro Toriumi
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo and, Research Center for New Functional Materials, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297 (Japan)
| | - Tatsuya Miyatou
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 (Japan)
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 (Japan).
| | - Nobuaki Azuma
- Research Center for Structural Thermodynamics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan)
| | - Yuji Miyazaki
- Research Center for Structural Thermodynamics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan).
| | - Motohiro Nakano
- Research Center for Structural Thermodynamics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan)
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan).
| | - Takayasu Hanashima
- Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, CROSS Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106 (Japan)
| | - Ryoji Kiyanagi
- J-PARC center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Ohhara
- J-PARC center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan).
| | - Kazuhiro Nakasuji
- School of Materials Science, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505 (Japan)
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Dalal NS, Pierce KL, Palomar J, Fu R. Single-Crystal Magic-Angle Spinning 17O NMR and Theoretical Studies of the Antiferroelectric Phase Transition in Squaric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0220478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Dalal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - K. L. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Palomar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Klymachyov AN, Dalal NS. Squaric acid as an internal standard for temperature measurements in 13C MAS NMR. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 1996; 7:127-134. [PMID: 8986025 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-2040(96)01245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Squaric acid (3,4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione) is suggested as an internal standard for temperature measurements in 13C MAS NMR studies in the temperature range from 373 K to 520 K. Compared to previously utilized standards, squaric acid has several important advantages, such as fast kinetics of the phase transition, higher temperature range for 13C studies, and an almost constant sample volume through the transition temperature range. Thus, we found squaric acid to be suitable for the probe calibration with the reference temperature at 373.2 K. Moreover, upon partial deuteration the reference temperature can be gradually increased to 520 K. Additionally, the described procedure makes it possible to quantitatively estimate the temperature gradient across the sample. We also discuss the effect of spinning related stress on the temperature measurement technique and how this effect could be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Klymachyov
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University Morgantown 26506, USA
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