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Via-Nadal M, Rodríguez Mayorga MA, Ramos Cordoba E, Matito E. Natural Range Separation of the Coulomb Hole. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:184106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0085284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural range separation of the Coulomb hole into two components, one of them being predominant at long interelectronic separations (hcI ) and the other at short distances (hcII ), is exhaustively analyzed throughout various examples that put forward the most relevant features of this approach and how they can be used to develop efficient ways to capture electron correlation. We show that hcI, which only depends on the first-order reduced density matrix, can be used to identify molecules with a predominant nondynamic correlation regime and differentiate between two types of nondynamic correlation, types A and B. Through the asymptotic properties of the hole components, we explain how hcI can retrieve the long-range part of electron correlation. We perform an exhaustive analysis of the hydrogen molecule in a minimal basis set, dissecting the hole contributions into spin components. We also analyze the simplest molecule presenting a dispersion interaction and how hcII helps identify it. The study of several atoms in different spin states reveals that the Coulomb hole components distinguish correlation regimes that are not apparent from the entire hole. The results of this work hold out the promise to aid in developing new electronic structure methods that efficiently capture electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eloy Ramos Cordoba
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Donostia International Physics Center, Spain
| | - Eduard Matito
- Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia International Physics Center, Spain
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Todd LG, Hollett JW. Measuring correlated electron motion in atoms with the momentum-balance density. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074110. [PMID: 33607904 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new measures of relative electron motion are introduced: equimomentum, antimomentum, and momentum-balance. The equimomentum is the probability that two electrons have the exact same momentum, whereas the antimomentum is the probability that their momenta are the exact opposite. Momentum-balance (MB) is the difference between the equimomentum and antimomentum and, therefore, indicates if equal or opposite momentum is more probable in a system of electrons. The equimomentum, antimomentum, and MB densities are also introduced, which are the local contribution to each quantity. The MB and MB density of the extrapolated-full configuration interaction wave functions of atoms of the first three rows of the periodic table are analyzed, with a particular focus on contrasting the correlated motion of electrons with opposite-spin and parallel-spin. Coulomb correlation between opposite-spin electrons leads to a higher probability of equimomentum, whereas Fermi correlation between parallel-spin electrons leads to a higher probability of antimomentum. The local contribution to MB, given an electron is present, is a minimum at the nucleus and generally increases as the distance from the nucleus increases. There are also interesting similarities between the effects of Fermi correlation and Coulomb correlation (of opposite-spin electrons) on MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy G Todd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Joshua W Hollett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
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Rodríguez-Mayorga M, Via-Nadal M, Solà M, Ugalde JM, Lopez X, Matito E. Electron-Pair Distribution in Chemical Bond Formation. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1916-1923. [PMID: 29381071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical formation process has been studied from relaxation holes, Δh(u), resulting from the difference between the radial intracule density and the nonrelaxed counterpart, which is obtained from atomic radial intracule densities and the pair density constructed from the overlap of the atomic densities. Δh(u) plots show that the internal reorganization of electron pairs prior to bond formation and the covalent bond formation from electrons in separate atoms are completely recognizable processes from the shape of the relaxation hole, Δh(u). The magnitude of Δh(u), the shape of Δh(u) ∀ u < Req, and the distance between the minimum and the maximum in Δh(u) provide further information about the nature of the chemical bond formed. A computational affordable approach to calculate the radial intracule density from approximate pair densities has been also suggested, paving the way to study electron-pair distributions in larger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodríguez-Mayorga
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, University of Girona , C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Via-Nadal
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, University of Girona , C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - X Lopez
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - E Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
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Geier J. Radial Exchange Density and Electron Delocalization in Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5187-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800202w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Geier
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albertstraβe 21, D-79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Gori-Giorgi P, Seidl M, Savin A. Intracule densities in the strong-interaction limit of density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:3440-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b803709b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Toulouse J, Assaraf R, Umrigar CJ. Zero-variance zero-bias quantum Monte Carlo estimators of the spherically and system-averaged pair density. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:244112. [PMID: 17614542 DOI: 10.1063/1.2746029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We construct improved quantum Monte Carlo estimators for the spherically and system-averaged electron pair density (i.e., the probability density of finding two electrons separated by a relative distance u), also known as the spherically averaged electron position intracule density I(u), using the general zero-variance zero-bias principle for observables, introduced by Assaraf and Caffarel. The calculation of I(u) is made vastly more efficient by replacing the average of the local delta-function operator by the average of a smooth nonlocal operator that has several orders of magnitude smaller variance. These new estimators also reduce the systematic error (or bias) of the intracule density due to the approximate trial wave function. Used in combination with the optimization of an increasing number of parameters in trial Jastrow-Slater wave functions, they allow one to obtain well converged correlated intracule densities for atoms and molecules. These ideas can be applied to calculating any pair-correlation function in classical or quantum Monte Carlo calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Toulouse
- Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Lopez X, Ugalde JM, Ludeña EV. Extracular densities of the non-Born–Oppenheimer Hookean H2 molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Valderrama E, Fradera X, Ugalde JM. Electron–electron counterbalance density for molecules: Exchange and correlation effects. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1384417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fradera X, Duran M, Mestres J. Interpretation of Molecular Intracule and Extracule Density Distributions in Terms of Valence Bond Structures: Two-Electron Systems and Processes. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001741p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fradera
- Institute of Computational Chemistry, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Duran
- Institute of Computational Chemistry, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Mestres
- Department of Molecular Design and Informatics, N.V. Organon, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands
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Fradera X, Duran M, Mestres J. The mapping of the local contributions of Fermi and Coulomb correlation into intracule and extracule density distributions. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1305920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fradera X, Duran M, Mestres J. Comparative electronic analysis between hydrogen transfers in the CH4/CH3+, CH4/CH3, and CH4/CH3- systems: on the electronic nature of the hydrogen (H-, H, H+) being transferred. II. Analysis of electron-pair interactions from intracule and extracule densities. CAN J CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/v00-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the hydrogen transferred in the CH3/CH4+, CH3/CH4·, and CH3/CH4- systems is investigated by analyzing the topology of the contracted intracule and extracule electron-pair densities and their respective Laplacians. The CH3/CH4+, CH3/CH4·, and CH3/CH4- systems are taken as simple models for the study of hydride (H-), hydrogen (H·), and proton (H+) transfer reactions, respectively, under a constrained C-C distance. The study is focused on the comparison of the intracule and extracule densities at the intermediate structures for the three H-transfer reactions, complementing a previous investigation of the same model reactions based on the analysis of one-electron densities. The results obtained by analyzing the contracted electron-pair densities are consistent with those obtained from the analysis of one-electron densities. The electronic nature of the H atom being transferred in the three systems can be differentiated by the topologies of the corresponding intracule and extracule densities. However, the analysis underlies also the difficulties to interpretation of the topologies of contracted electron-pair densities, as different electron-electron interactions may contribute to the same point in the intracule or extracule spaces. In particular, for the systems studied, the contribution of the electron-electron interaction associated to the probability of having two electrons on the H being transferred is not reflected separately neither in the intracule nor in the extracule distributions. Nevertheless, the nature of the H being transferred can still be studied by comparing the importance of the electron-electron interactions associated to the probability of having one electron in C and one in the transferring H. The effects of inclusion of electron correlation are also discussed by means of (HF-CISD//HF) intracule and extracule density difference maps.Key words: hydrogen transfer, electron-pair density, intracule density, extracule density, topological density analyisis.
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Cioslowski J, Liu G. Topology of electron-electron interactions in atoms and molecules. II. The correlation cage. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Koga T, Matsuyama H. Electronic extracule moments of atoms in position and momentum spaces. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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A Consistent Calculation of Atomic Energy Shell Corrections Strutinsky's Method in the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan Scheme. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(08)60183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fradera X, Duran M, Mestres J. The relevance of the Laplacian of intracule and extracule density distributions for analyzing electron–electron interactions in molecules. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cioslowski J, Liu G. Topology of electron–electron interactions in atoms and molecules. I. The Hartree–Fock approximation. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wang J, Smith VH. Evaluation of electron pair densities and their Laplacians in atomic systems. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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