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Jafari T, Razvan Bacanu G, Shugai A, Nagel U, Walkey M, Hoffman G, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ, Rõõm T. Terahertz spectroscopy of the helium endofullerene He@C 60. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9943-9952. [PMID: 35445229 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the quantized translational motion of single He atoms encapsulated in molecular cages by terahertz absorption. The temperature dependence of the THz absorption spectra of 3He@C60 and 4He@C60 crystal powder samples was measured between 5 and 220 K. At 5 K there is an absorption line at 96.8 cm-1 (2.90 THz) in 3He@C60 and at 81.4 cm (2.44 THz) in 4He@C60, while additional absorption lines appear at higher temperature. An anharmonic spherical oscillator model with a displacement-induced dipole moment was used to model the absorption spectra. Potential energy terms with powers of two, four and six and induced dipole moment terms with powers one and three in the helium atom displacement from the fullerene cage center were sufficient to describe the experimental results. Excellent agreement is found between potential energy functions derived from measurements on the 3He and 4He isotopes. One absorption line corresponds to a three-quantum transition in 4He@C60, allowed by the anharmonicity of the potential function and by the non-linearity of the dipole moment in He atom displacement. The potential energy function of icosahedral symmetry does not explain the fine structure observed in the low temperature spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeeha Jafari
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | | | - Anna Shugai
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Urmas Nagel
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Mark Walkey
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriela Hoffman
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Richard J Whitby
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Toomas Rõõm
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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2
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Jalife S, Arcudia J, Pan S, Merino G. Noble gas endohedral fullerenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6642-6652. [PMID: 33033593 PMCID: PMC7500087 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the available experimental and theoretical investigations on noble gas (Ng) endohedral fullerenes, addressing essential questions related to the mutual effects that confinement of one or more Ng atoms induces on the electronic structure, bonding, and different properties of fullerenes. It also summarizes the different contributions to the mechanisms of formation and decomplexation, the reactivity towards Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions, the chemical bonding situation of Ng endohedral fullerenes, and the interactions that dominate within these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Jalife
- Departamento de Física Aplicada , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados , Antigua carretera a Progreso Km 6, Cordemex, Loma Bonita Xcumpich , 97310 Mérida , Yucatán , Mexico . ; ;
| | - Jessica Arcudia
- Departamento de Física Aplicada , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados , Antigua carretera a Progreso Km 6, Cordemex, Loma Bonita Xcumpich , 97310 Mérida , Yucatán , Mexico . ; ;
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados , Antigua carretera a Progreso Km 6, Cordemex, Loma Bonita Xcumpich , 97310 Mérida , Yucatán , Mexico . ; ;
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3
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Zhang D. Quantum mechanical calculation of nanomaterial-ligand interaction energies by molecular fractionation with conjugated caps method. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44645. [PMID: 28300179 PMCID: PMC5353613 DOI: 10.1038/srep44645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular fractionation with conjugate caps (MFCC) method is introduced for the efficient estimation of quantum mechanical (QM) interaction energies between nanomaterial (carbon nanotube, fullerene, and graphene surface) and ligand (charged and neutral). In the calculations, nanomaterials are partitioned into small fragments and conjugated caps that are properly capped, and the interaction energies can be obtained through the summation of QM calculations of the fragments from which the contribution of the conjugated caps is removed. All the calculations were performed by density functional theory (DFT) and dispersion contributions for the attractive interactions were investigated by dispersion corrected DFT method. The predicted interaction energies by MFCC at each computational level are found to give excellent agreement with full system (FS) calculations with the mean energy deviation just a fractional kcal/mol. The accurate determination of nanomaterial-ligand interaction energies by MFCC suggests that it is an effective method for performing QM calculations on nanomaterial-ligand systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
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4
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Jalife S, Mondal S, Cabellos JL, Pan S, Méndez-Rojas MÁ, Fernández I, Frenking G, Merino G. Breaking the Isolated Pentagon Rule by Encapsulating Xe2
in C60
: The Guest Defines the Shape of the Host. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Said Jalife
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida México
| | - Sukanta Mondal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida México
| | - José Luis Cabellos
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida México
| | - Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal India
| | - Miguel Ángel Méndez-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Universidad de las Américas-Puebla; Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Catarina Mártir, A.P. 100 72820 Cholula México
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid España
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida México
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5
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Gromov EV, Klaiman S, Cederbaum LS. Influence of caged noble-gas atom on the superatomic and valence states of C60−. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Pan S, Mandal S, Chattaraj PK. Cucurbit[6]uril: A Possible Host for Noble Gas Atoms. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:10962-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Subhajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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7
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Nikolaienko TY, Kryachko ES. Formation of dimers of light noble atoms under encapsulation within fullerene's voids. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:185. [PMID: 25983673 PMCID: PMC4424231 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) He2 diatomic trapped inside buckminsterfullerene's void and preserving its diatomic bonding is itself a controversial phenomenon due to the smallness of the void diameter comparing to the He-He equilibrium distance. We propound a computational approach, including smaller fullerenes, C20 and C28, to demonstrate that encapsulation of He2 inside the studied fullerenes exhibits an interesting quantum behavior resulting in a binding at shorter, non-vdW internuclear distances, and we develop a computational model to interpret these He-He bonding patterns in terms of Bader's atom-in-molecule theory. We also conjecture a computational existence of He2@C60 on a solid basis of its theoretical UV absorption spectrum and a comparison with that of C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymofii Yu Nikolaienko
- />Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Eugene S Kryachko
- />Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, 14-b, Metrolohichna str., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
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8
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Kumar P, Ramachandran C, Mishra BK, Sathyamurthy N. Interaction of rare gas dimers in the confines of a carbon nanotube. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Sure R, Tonner R, Schwerdtfeger P. A systematic study of rare gas atoms encapsulated in small fullerenes using dispersion corrected density functional theory. J Comput Chem 2014; 36:88-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sure
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand; Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn; Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg; 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand; Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg; 35032 Marburg Germany
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10
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Dabbagh HA, Zamani M, Farrokhpour H. DFT investigation of endohedral boron oxide nanocapsules: Encapsulation of He, Ne, Ar, H, N, and Cl atoms. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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JIN LIANJI, ZHANG MIN, SU ZHONGMIN, SHI LILI. THEORETICAL STUDY ON ENDOHEDRAL COMPLEXES C2H2–C60, C2H4–C60, AND C2H6–C60. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633608003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three endohedral fullerenes C 2 H 2– C 60, C 2 H 4– C 60, and C 2 H 6– C 60 are investigated theoretically using density functional theory. Their electronic and structural properties are studied. The calculations suggest that the formations of these complexes are endothermic; the dopant and C 60 cage affect each other rarely except for the slight distortion of C 60 cage and compression of the hydrocarbon molecules. A small quantity of electron transfer from C 60 to the hydrocarbon molecule was also observed. Accordingly, C 60 could theoretically be a good container for some small hydrocarbon molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- LIANJI JIN
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - MIN ZHANG
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - ZHONGMIN SU
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - LILI SHI
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
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12
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Morinaka Y, Tanabe F, Murata M, Murata Y, Komatsu K. Rational synthesis, enrichment, and (13)C NMR spectra of endohedral C(60) and C(70) encapsulating a helium atom. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4532-4. [PMID: 20461258 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral fullerenes encapsulating a helium atom, i.e., He@C(60) and He@C(70), at occupation levels of 30% were prepared by rational chemical synthesis. The existence of weak interactions between the inner helium and the outer fullerene cages was demonstrated by experimental and computational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Morinaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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13
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Stanisky CM, Cross RJ, Saunders M. Putting Atoms and Molecules into Chemically Opened Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3392-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. James Cross
- Dept. of Chemistry, Yale University, Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
| | - Martin Saunders
- Dept. of Chemistry, Yale University, Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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14
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Abstract
The presence of helium in carbon systems, such as diamonds and fullerenes is of interest for planetary sciences, geophysics, astrophysics, and evolution biology. Such systems typically involve a large number of atoms and require a fast method for assessing the interaction potential and forces. We developed a tight-binding approach, based on density functional calculations, which includes a many-body potential term. This latter term is essential for consolidating the density functional results of helium in bulky diamond and Helium passing through a benzene ring which is important for helium-fullerene applications. The method is simple to apply and exhibits good transferability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Granot
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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15
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Abstract
A simple model is developed to treat the energy levels and spectroscopy of diatomic molecules inside C 60. The C 60 cage is treated as spherically symmetric, and the coupling to the C 60 vibrations is ignored. The remaining six degrees of freedom correspond to the vibrations and rotations of the diatomic molecule and the rattling vibration of the molecule inside the cage. By using conservation of angular momentum, we can remove two of these motions and simplify the calculations. The resulting energy levels are simple and can be labeled by a set of quantum numbers. The IR and Raman spectra look like those of gas-phase diatomic molecules at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, hot bands due to the low-frequency rattling mode appear, and the spectrum becomes congested, looking like a solution spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R James Cross
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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17
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Starikov AG, Gapurenko OA, Buchachenko AL, Levin AA, Breslavskaya NN. Quantum-chemical study of endohedral fullerenes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Straka M, Vaara J. Density Functional Calculations of 3He Chemical Shift in Endohedral Helium Fullerenes: Neutral, Anionic, and Di-Helium Species. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12338-41. [PMID: 17078633 DOI: 10.1021/jp0638991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report density functional calculations of 3He nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts in a series of experimentally known endohedral helium fullerenes, He(n)@Cm(q) (n = 1, 2; m = 60, 70, 76, 78; q = 0, 6-), including for the first time anionic and di-helium species. Despite the lack of dispersion in the density functional model, the results are in promising agreement with experiment. Density functional theory performs better than Hartree-Fock for the anionic systems. In the di-helium species confined in the small C60 cage, besides the atomic displacements from the center position, the direct He-He interactions contribute to the 3He shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Straka
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Iwamatsu SI, Stanisky CM, Cross RJ, Saunders M, Mizorogi N, Nagase S, Murata S. Carbon Monoxide Inside an Open-Cage Fullerene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Iwamatsu SI, Stanisky CM, Cross RJ, Saunders M, Mizorogi N, Nagase S, Murata S. Carbon Monoxide Inside an Open-Cage Fullerene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5337-40. [PMID: 16847866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Iwamatsu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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21
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Slanina Z, Pulay P, Nagase S. H2, Ne, and N2 Energies of Encapsulation into C60 Evaluated with the MPWB1K Functional. J Chem Theory Comput 2006; 2:782-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ct0503320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Slanina
- Department of Theoretical Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan−ROC, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Peter Pulay
- Department of Theoretical Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan−ROC, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Department of Theoretical Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan−ROC, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
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22
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Cao B, Peres T, Cross RJ, Saunders M, Lifshitz C. Unimolecular dissociations of C70+ and its noble gas endohedral cations Ne@C70+ and Ar@C70+: cage-binding energies for C2 loss. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:10257-63. [PMID: 16833319 DOI: 10.1021/jp0547919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The energetics and dynamics of unimolecular decompositions of C70+ and its noble gas endohedral cations, Ne@C70+ and Ar@C70+, have been studied using tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The high-resolution mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy (HR-MIKE) spectra for the unimolecular reactions of C70+, Ne@CC70+, and Ar@C70+ were recorded by scanning the electrostatic analyzer and using single-ion counting that was achieved by combination of an electron multiplier, amplifier/discriminator, and multichannel analyzer. These cations dissociate unimolecularly via loss of a C2 unit, and no endohedral atom is observed as fragment. The activation energies for C2 evaporation from Ne@C70+ and Ar@C70+ are lower than those for elimination of the endohedral noble gas atoms. The kinetic energy release distributions (KERDs) for the C2 evaporation have been measured and, by use of the finite heat bath theory (FHBT), the binding energies for the C2 emission have been deduced from the KERDs. The C2 evaporation energies increase in the order DeltaEvap(C70+) < DeltaEvap(Ne@C70+) < DeltaEvap(Ar@C70+), but no big difference in the cage binding was observed for C70+, Ne@C70+, and Ar@C70+, indicating incorporations of the Ne and Ar atoms into C70 contribute a little to the stability of C70 toward C2 loss, which is in good agreement with theoretical calculations but contrasts with the findings in their C60 analogues and in metallofullerenes that the decay energies of the filled fullerenes are much higher than those of the corresponding empty cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Cao
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light Induced Process, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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23
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Iwamatsu SI, Murata S, Andoh Y, Minoura M, Kobayashi K, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. Open-Cage Fullerene Derivatives Suitable for the Encapsulation of a Hydrogen Molecule. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4820-5. [PMID: 15932323 DOI: 10.1021/jo050251w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of molecular hydrogen into an open-cage fullerene having a 16-membered ring orifice has been investigated. It is achieved by the pressurization of H2 at 0.6-13.5 MPa to afford endohedral hydrogen complexes of open-cage fullerenes in up to 83% yield. The efficiency of encapsulation is dominantly dependent on both H2 pressure and temperature. Hydrogen molecules inside the C60 cage are observed in the range of -7.3 to -7.5 ppm in 1H NMR spectra, and the formations of hydrogen complexes are further confirmed by mass spectrometry. The trapped hydrogen is released by heating. The activation energy barriers for this process are determined to be 22-24 kcal/mol. The DSC measurement of the endohedral H2 complex reveals that the escape of H2 from the C60 cage corresponds to an exothermic process, indicating that encapsulated H2 destabilizes the fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Iwamatsu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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24
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Stanisky CM, Cross RJ, Saunders M, Murata M, Murata Y, Komatsu K. Helium Entry and Escape through a Chemically Opened Window in a Fullerene. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 127:299-302. [PMID: 15631479 DOI: 10.1021/ja045328x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(3)He has been inserted into the cavity of an open-cage fullerene derivative close to room temperature, reaching an incorporation fraction of 0.1%. The rate of escape of (3)He from this fullerene was monitored by (3)He NMR to yield the activation barrier and to compare the size of the orifice to those of other open-cage fullerenes. The equilibrium constant was also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Stanisky
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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25
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Abstract
After fullerenes are heated in the presence of a noble gas or an unreactive molecule at 650 degrees C and 3000 atm pressure, a small fraction of the fullerene molecules contain the atom or molecule. The incorporation fraction is greatly enhanced by adding potassium cyanide to the reaction mixture. The details of the preparation are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Cross
- Yale Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
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Abstract
The stability of the recently characterized type II hydrogen clathrate [Mao, W. L., Mao, H.-K., Goncharov, A. F., Struzhkin, V. V., Guo, Q., et al. (2002) Science 297, 2247-2249] with respect to hydrogen occupancy is examined with a statistical mechanical model in conjunction with first-principles quantum chemistry calculations. It is found that the stability of the clathrate is mainly caused by dispersive interactions between H2 molecules and the water forming the cage walls. Theoretical analysis shows that both individual hydrogen molecules and nH2 guest clusters undergo essentially free rotations inside the clathrate cages. Calculations at the experimental conditions--2,000 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) and 250 K confirm multiple occupancy of the clathrate cages with average occupations of 2.00 and 3.96 H2 molecules per D-5(12) (small) and H-5(12)6(4) (large) cage, respectively. The H2-H2O interactions also are responsible for the experimentally observed softening of the H[bond]H stretching modes. The clathrate is found to be thermodynamically stable at 25 bar and 150 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Patchkovskii
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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27
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Park JM, Tarakeshwar P, Kim KS, Clark T. Nature of the interaction of paramagnetic atoms (A=4N,4P,3O,3S) with π systems and C60: A theoretical investigation of A⋅⋅⋅C6H6 and endohedral fullerenes A@C60. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1479135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Moran D, Stahl F, Jemmis ED, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PVR. Structures, Stabilities, and Ionization Potentials of Dodecahedrane Endohedral Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014471z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Moran
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul von R. Schleyer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Irle S, Rubin Y, Morokuma K. ONIOM Study of Ring Opening and Metal Insertion Reactions with Derivatives of C60: Role of Aromaticity in the Opening Process. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0139282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Irle
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Yves Rubin
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Cross
- Yale Chemistry Department, Box 201807, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Rubin Y, Jarrosson T, Wang GW, Bartberger MD, Houk KN, Schick G, Saunders M, Cross RJ. Insertion of Helium and Molecular Hydrogen Through the Orifice of an Open Fullerene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010417)113:8<1591::aid-ange1591>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rubin Y, Jarrosson T, Wang GW, Bartberger MD, Houk KN, Schick G, Saunders M, Cross RJ. Insertion of Helium and Molecular Hydrogen Through the Orifice of an Open Fullerene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1543-1546. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8<1543::aid-anie1543>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rubin Y, Jarrosson T, Wang GW, Bartberger MD, Houk KN, Schick G, Saunders M, Cross RJ. Insertion of Helium and Molecular Hydrogen Through the Orifice of an Open Fullerene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8%3c1543::aid-anie1543%3e3.0.co%3b2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ruiz A, Hernández-Rojas J, Bretón J, Gomez Llorente JM. Low-temperature dynamics and spectroscopy in exohedral rare-gas C60 fullerene complexes. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1350918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Vázquez HA, Tamariz J, Cross RJ. Binding Energy in and Equilibrium Constant of Formation for the Dodecahedrane Compounds He@C20H20 and Ne@C20H20. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0027243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. Jiménez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás, México, D.F. 11340
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás, México, D.F. 11340
| | - R. James Cross
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Ab initio Calculations of the endo- and exohedral complexes of fullerene C60 with Zn atoms. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02683932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jemmis ED, Manoharan M, Sharma PK. Exohedral η5 and η6 Transition-Metal Organometallic Complexes of C60 and C70: A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om9905355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariappan Manoharan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaz K. Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- R. James Cross
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, and Chemisches Laboratorium der Universität Freiburg, Chemisches Laboratorium der Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Saunders
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, and Chemisches Laboratorium der Universität Freiburg, Chemisches Laboratorium der Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Horst Prinzbach
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, and Chemisches Laboratorium der Universität Freiburg, Chemisches Laboratorium der Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ring Opening Reactions of Fullerenes: Designed Approaches to Endohedral Metal Complexes. FULLERENES AND RELATED STRUCTURES 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-68117-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Bernshtein V, Oref I. Endohedral formation, energy transfer, and dissociation in collisions between Li+ and C60. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Iglesias-Groth S, Breton J, Girardet C. Structure of the Van der Waals rare gas–C60 exohedral complexes [(C60)(RG)n; n=1,2]. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ruiz A, Hernández-Rojas J, Bretón J, Gomez Llorente JM. Polarization effects in C60 fullerene complexes of alkali ions. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Patchkovskii
- Contribution from the Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Thiel
- Contribution from the Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Darzynkiewicz RB, Scuseria GE. Noble Gas Endohedral Complexes of C60 Buckminsterfullerene. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971323t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Darzynkiewicz
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice Quantum Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Mail Stop 60, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892
| | - Gustavo E. Scuseria
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice Quantum Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Mail Stop 60, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892
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Bühl M, Patchkovskii S, Thiel W. Interaction energies and NMR chemical shifts of noble gases in C60. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Patchkovskii S, Thiel W. Radical Impurity Mechanisms for Helium Incorporation into Buckminsterfullerene. Helv Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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