Dissociation energies and heats of formation of NH and NH+

Neural network potential energy surface and dynamical isotope effects for the N+(3P) + H2 → NH+ + H reaction

Dynamical isotope effects are calculated for the N⁺(³P) + H₂ → NH⁺ + H reaction on a new neural network potential energy surface.

Spectroscopic parameters of the low-lying electronic states and laser cooling feasibility of NH+ cation and NH- anion

The potential energy curves and transition dipole moments of 1²Σ⁺, 2²Σ⁺, 1²Π and 2²Π states of NH⁺ cation and NH^- anion are calculated by using multi-reference configuration interaction method and large all-electron basis sets. Based on the obtained potential energy curves, the rotational and vibrational energy levels of the states are obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation of nuclear movement. The calculated spectroscopic parameters for NH⁺ cation and NH^- anion are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental results. The spin orbit coupling effect of the ²Π states for both NH⁺ cation and NH^- anion are calculated. The feasibility of laser cooling of the two molecules is examined by using the results of the molecular structure and spectroscopy. The highly diagonal Franck-Condon factors for the 1²Π (v″=0)↔1²Σ⁺ (v'=0) transition of NH⁺ and NH^- are 0.821 and 0.999, while the radiative lifetimes of the 1²Σ⁺ (v'=0) state for the two molecules are 384ns and 52.4ns, respectively. The results indicate that NH⁺ cation and NH^- anion are good candidate molecules for laser cooling. The cooling scheme via Sisyphus process for the NH⁺ cation and NH^- anion are proposed in the paper. The laser wavelengths for the close cycles of the absorption and radiation are also determined. Unfortunately, the potential energy curve of the ground state of the neutral NH molecule shows that the auto-detachment of NH^- anion is possible, implying the optical scheme of laser cooling for NH^- anion is not easy to achieve in the experiment although it has larger Franck-Condon factor.

Ab initio ground-state potential energy function and vibration-rotation energy levels of imidogen, NH

The accurate ground-state potential energy function of imidogen, NH, has been determined from ab initio calculations using the multireference averaged coupled-pair functional (MR-ACPF) method in conjunction with the correlation-consistent core-valence basis sets up to octuple-zeta quality. The importance of several effects, including electron correlation beyond the MR-ACPF level of approximation, the scalar relativistic, adiabatic, and nonadiabatic corrections were discussed. Along with the large one-particle basis set, all of these effects were found to be crucial to attain "spectroscopic" accuracy of the theoretical predictions of vibration-rotation energy levels of NH.

Ab initio study on the low-lying excited states of gas-phase PH(+) cation including spin-orbit coupling

Ab initio calculations have been performed on the low-lying excited and ground states of PH(+). The potential energy curves (PECs) of the Λ-S states were calculated with multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) method along with the basis sets at 5-ξ level. In order to improve the PECs, the Davidson(+Q) correction and the Scalar relativistic effect are included. The corresponding spectroscopic constants were determined and good agreements with the available measurement were found. The interactions of the A(2)Δ-(4)Π and 1(2)Σ(+)-(4)Π by the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect were well described by the spin-orbit matrix elements. The SOC effect makes the original 8 Λ-S states split into 15Ω states. The Ω=1/2 state generated from the X(2)Π state is confirmed to the ground Ω state. And the SOC splitting for the X(2)Π is calculated to be 294cm(-1). The SOC effect has large effect on the PECs of the A(2)Δ and 1(2)Σ(+) states, leading to much more shallow potential wells as well as potential barriers. The analysis of the wavefunction for the Ω states shows that the strong spin-orbit interaction exists near the crossing points of the PECs for the Λ-S states. The transition dipole moments (TDMs) of transitions A(2)Δ-X(2)Π and 1(2)Σ(-)-X(2)Π are evaluated with the MRCI wavefunction. Based on the TDMs along with the calculated Franck-Condon factors, the radiative lifetimes for the selected vibrational levels of A(2)Δ and 1(2)Σ(-) states are predicted at the microseconds (μs). Good agreement with the measurement shows that the lowest vibrational level for A(2)Δ state is almost uninfluenced by the perturbation via the SOC effect.

Theoretical investigation of excited and Rydberg states of imidogen radical NH: Potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants, and dipole moment functions

A search is conducted for the calculation of potential energy curves (PECs), spectroscopic constants, and dipole moment functions for excited and Rydberg states of imidogen radical NH, with a particular emphasis on the Rydberg states arising from 3s configuration of nitrogen and 2s and 2p configurations of hydrogen. A range of about 11 eV above the electronic ground state X (3)Sigma- atomic separation limit which corresponds to the first eight asymptotes of dissociation is spanned. Computations are carried out at the internally contracted multireference singles plus doubles configuration interaction level of theory, including the Davidson correction to account for quadruple excitations. The Gaussian basis set used has been modified from a standard basis to give a balanced description of valence-Rydberg interactions. States of (1)Sigma-, (1)Pi, (1)Delta, (3)Sigma-, (3)Pi, (3)Delta, and (5)Sigma- symmetries are computed accurately in the range of energy investigated. PECs of the three lowest (5)Pi states are obtained for the first time. Our spectroscopic constants show good agreement with experimental data in comparison with other theoretical studies reported in the literature. A discussion on the variations of dipole moment functions helps to understand the strong interactions between excited and Rydberg states as well as the avoided crossings. The present study may be of great practical interest for investigations in astrophysical research as well as in laboratory experiments.

Higher-order equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods for ionization processes

Compact algebraic equations defining the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) methods for ionization potentials (IP-EOM-CC) have been derived and computer implemented by virtue of a symbolic algebra system largely automating these processes. Models with connected cluster excitation operators truncated after double, triple, or quadruple level and with linear ionization operators truncated after two-hole-one-particle (2h1p), three-hole-two-particle (3h2p), or four-hole-three-particle (4h3p) level (abbreviated as IP-EOM-CCSD, CCSDT, and CCSDTQ, respectively) have been realized into parallel algorithms taking advantage of spin, spatial, and permutation symmetries with optimal size dependence of the computational costs. They are based on spin-orbital formalisms and can describe both alpha and beta ionizations from open-shell (doublet, triplet, etc.) reference states into ionized states with various spin magnetic quantum numbers. The application of these methods to Koopmans and satellite ionizations of N2 and CO (with the ambiguity due to finite basis sets eliminated by extrapolation) has shown that IP-EOM-CCSD frequently accounts for orbital relaxation inadequately and displays errors exceeding a couple of eV. However, these errors can be systematically reduced to tenths or even hundredths of an eV by IP-EOM-CCSDT or CCSDTQ. Comparison of spectroscopic parameters of the FH+ and NH+ radicals between IP-EOM-CC and experiments has also underscored the importance of higher-order IP-EOM-CC treatments. For instance, the harmonic frequencies of the A 2Sigma- state of NH+ are predicted to be 1285, 1723, and 1705 cm(-1) by IP-EOM-CCSD, CCSDT, and CCSDTQ, respectively, as compared to the observed value of 1707 cm(-1). The small adiabatic energy separation (observed 0.04 eV) between the X 2Pi and a 4Sigma- states of NH+ also requires IP-EOM-CCSDTQ for a quantitative prediction (0.06 eV) when the a 4Sigma- state has the low-spin magnetic quantum number (s(z) = 1/2). When the state with s(z) = 3/2 is sought, the energy separations converge much more rapidly with the IP-EOM-CCSD value (0.03 eV) already being close to the observed (0.04 eV).