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Richards LA, Nash A, Willetts A, Entwistle C, de Leeuw NH. Modelling water diffusion in plasticizers: development and optimization of a force field for 2,4-dinitroethylbenzene and 2,4,6-trinitroethylbenzene. RSC Adv 2018; 8:5728-5739. [PMID: 35557986 PMCID: PMC9092615 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A classical all-atom force field has been developed for 2,4,6-trinitroethylbenzene and 2,4-dinitroethylbenzene and applied in molecular dynamics simulations of the two pure and two mixed plasticizer systems. Bonding parameters and partial charges were derived through electronic and geometry optimization of the single molecules. The other required parameters were derived from values already available in the literature for generic nitro aromatic compounds, which were adjusted to reproduce to a high level of accuracy the densities of 2,4-dinitroethylbenzene, 2,4,6-trinitroethylbenzene and the energetic plasticizers K10 and R8002. This force field has been applied to both K10 and R8002, which when used as plasticizers form an energetic binder with nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose decomposes in storage, under varying conditions, but in particular where it may become increasingly dry. Following the derivation of the force field, we have therefore applied it to calculate water diffusion coefficients for each of the different materials at 298 K and 338 K, thereby providing a starting point for understanding water behaviour in a nitrocellulose binder. A classical all-atom force field has been developed for the plasticizer molecules 2,4,6-trinitroethylbenzene and 2,4-dinitroethylbenzene which can be used to investigate properties and energetic output of nitrocellulose-based propellants and binders.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Anthony Nash
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Andrew Willetts
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - Chris Entwistle
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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Tocci G, Liang C, Wilkins DM, Roke S, Ceriotti M. Second-Harmonic Scattering as a Probe of Structural Correlations in Liquids. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4311-4316. [PMID: 27726403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic scattering experiments of water and other bulk molecular liquids have long been assumed to be insensitive to interactions between the molecules. The measured intensity is generally thought to arise from incoherent scattering due to individual molecules. We introduce a method to compute the second-harmonic scattering pattern of molecular liquids directly from atomistic computer simulations, which takes into account the coherent terms. We apply this approach to large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water, where we show that nanosecond second-harmonic scattering experiments contain a coherent contribution arising from radial and angular correlations on a length scale of ≲1 nm, much shorter than had been recently hypothesized ( Shelton , D. P. J. Chem. Phys. 2014 , 141 ). By combining structural correlations from simulations with experimental data ( Shelton , D. P. J. Chem. Phys. 2014 , 141 ), we can also extract an effective molecular hyperpolarizability in the liquid phase. This work demonstrates that second-harmonic scattering experiments and atomistic simulations can be used in synergy to investigate the structure of complex liquids, solutions, and biomembranes, including the intrinsic intermolecular correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tocci
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institutes of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chungwen Liang
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institutes of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David M Wilkins
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institutes of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institutes of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Shelton DP. Orientation correlation and local field in liquid nitrobenzene. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:234506. [PMID: 27334178 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Shelton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4002, USA
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Shelton DP. Long range dipole–dipole correlations in nitrobenzene–benzene solutions. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:234507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3517221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Shelton DP. Nonlocal hyper-Rayleigh scattering from liquid nitrobenzene. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:154506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3385893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Librando V, Alparone A. The role of electronic properties to the mutagenic activity of 1,6- and 3,6-dinitrobenzo[a]pyrene isomers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:1338-1346. [PMID: 18571843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium geometries, infrared spectra, vertical first ionization potential (IP), electronic affinity (EA), dipole moment (mu) and electronic dipole polarizability (alpha) of 1,6- and 3,6-dinitrobenzo[a]pyrene isomers (1,6-DNBaP and 3,6-DNBaP) were evaluated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and recent semiempirical PM6 method. Structural, energetic and vibrational properties of DNBaP isomers are substantially similar to each other. Calculated IP, EA and alpha values of these isomers are practically identical, while mu of 3,6-DNBaP (8.2 D at DFT level) is predicted to be ca. 4 times the value of 1,6-DNBaP isomer (1.9 D at DFT level), owing to favorable mutual orientation of the individual nitro group vectors. Higher direct-mutagenic activities of 3,6-DNBaP with respect to 1,6-DNBaP isomer by 1-2 orders of magnitude might be determined by its peculiar electronic charge distribution, which through stronger electrostatic and inductive interactions, can promote much more effectively binding to active-site of enzymes involved in mutagenic pathways. On the other hand, orientation of the nitro substituents relatively to the plane of the aromatic moiety, molecular sizes, as well as nitroreduction and oxidation reactions seem not to have a key role in the determination of the different mutagenic behaviour of these isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Librando
- Research Centre for Analysis, Monitoring and Minimization Methods of Environmental Risk and Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 8, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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Librando V, Alparone A, Minniti Z. Computational study on dipole moment, polarizability and second hyperpolarizability of nitronaphthalenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Librando V, Alparone A, Tomaselli G. Electronic properties of some nitrobenzo[a]pyrene isomers: a possible relationship to mutagenic activity. J Mol Model 2008; 14:489-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ, Zioło J. Anomalous temperature behavior of nonlinear dielectric effect in supercooled nitrobenzene. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:041501. [PMID: 18517622 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.041501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE), describing changes of the dielectric permittivity induced by a strong electric field, in normal and supercooled liquid nitrobenzene are presented. An unusual increase of the stationary NDE, portrayed by the critical-like relation approximately (T-T+)(-1), was obtained. Nitrobenzene samples solidified at TS approximately T+ +2 K , approximately 10 K below the reported melting temperature Tm approximately 278 K . The anomalous increase of the NDE coincided with a slow relaxation process, detected in time-resolved measurements. The results presented offer a reinterpretation of the classical description by Piekara and Piekara [A. Piekara and B. Piekara, C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 203, 852 (1936)] of a positive sign contribution to the NDE in liquids. It is suggested that the obtained anomaly may be associated with the appearance of local quasinematic structures. This is supported by a speculative link to a general model for liquid-liquid transitions [H. Tanaka, Phys. Rev. E 62, 6968 (2000)] and a phenomenological model originally developed for the self-focusing of laser beams [J. Hanus, Phys. Rev. 178, 420 (1969)]. The case of the isotropic-nematic transition in liquid crystalline materials is also recalled. The NDE results reported here are related neither to the glass transition phenomenon nor to the recently developed concept of a second liquid-liquid transition.
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Jorge M, Cordeiro MNDS. Molecular Dynamics Study of the Interface between Water and 2-Nitrophenyl Octyl Ether. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2415-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710018q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jorge
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Natália D. S. Cordeiro
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Klauda JB, Brooks BR. CHARMM Force Field Parameters for Nitroalkanes and Nitroarenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2007; 4:107-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ct700191v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery B. Klauda
- Laboratory of Computation Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Bernard R. Brooks
- Laboratory of Computation Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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12
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Sylvester-Hvid KO, Mikkelsen KV, Nymand TM, Astrand PO. Refractive index of liquid water in different solvent models. J Phys Chem A 2007; 109:905-14. [PMID: 16838963 DOI: 10.1021/jp046556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined molecular dynamics/quantum chemical perturbation method for calculating the refractive index of liquid water at different temperatures. We compare results of this method with the refractive index obtained from other solvent models. The best agreement with the experimental refractive index of liquid water and its temperature dependence is obtained using correlated gas-phase polarizabilities in the classical Lorentz-Lorenz expression. Also, the iterative self-consistent reaction field approach in the semicontinuum implementation matches the experimental refractive index reasonably well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian O Sylvester-Hvid
- Department of Chemistry, H. C. Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Reis H, Papadopoulos MG, Grzybowski A. Computer Simulation of the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities of p-Nitroaniline in Cyclohexane, 1,4-Dioxane, and Tetrahydrofuran in Quadrupolar Approximation. II. Local Field Effects and Optical Susceptibilitities. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:18537-52. [PMID: 16970482 DOI: 10.1021/jp063529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This is the second part of a study to elucidate the local field effects on the nonlinear optical properties of p-nitroaniline (pNA) in three solvents of different multipolar character, that is, cyclohexane (CH), 1,4-dioxane (DI), and tetrahydrofuran (THF), employing a discrete description of the solutions. By the use of liquid structure information from molecular dynamics simulations and molecular properties computed by high-level ab initio methods, the local field and local field gradients on p-nitroaniline and the solvent molecules are computed in quadrupolar approximation. To validate the simulations and the induction model, static and dynamic (non)linear properties of the pure solvents are also computed. With the exception of the static dielectric constant of pure THF, a good agreement between computed and experimental refractive indices, dielectric constants, and third harmonic generation signals is obtained for the solvents. For the solutions, it is found that multipole moments up to two orders higher than quadrupole have a negligible influence on the local fields on pNA, if a simple distribution model is employed for the electric properties of pNA. Quadrupole effects are found to be nonnegligible in all three solvents but are especially pronounced in the 1,4-dioxane solvent, in which the local fields are similar to those in THF, although the dielectric constant of DI is 2.2 and that of the simulated THF is 5.4. The electric-field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) signal and the hyper-Rayleigh scattering signal of pNA in the solutions computed with the local field are in good to fair agreement with available experimental results. This confirms the effect of the "dioxane anomaly" also on nonlinear optical properties. Predictions based on an ellipsoidal Onsager model as applied by experimentalists are in very good agreement with the discrete model predictions. This is in contrast to a recent discrete reaction field calculation of pNA in 1,4-dioxane, which found that the predicted first hyperpolarizability of pNA deviated strongly from the predictions obtained using Onsager-Lorentz local field factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vasileos Constantinou 48, GR-11635 Athens, Greece.
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Jorge M, Gulaboski R, Pereira CM, Cordeiro MNDS. Molecular Dynamics Study of 2-Nitrophenyl Octyl Ether and Nitrobenzene. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:12530-8. [PMID: 16800582 DOI: 10.1021/jp061301j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pure organic liquids nitrobenzene (NB) and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) have been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Both solvents are extremely important in various interfacial processes, mainly connected with ion transfer taking place across the interface with water. Thermodynamic (mass density, enthalpy of vaporization, isothermal compressibility, dipole moment) and dynamic (viscosities and self-diffusion coefficients) properties of both liquids have been calculated and are in very good agreement with the experimental data. In the case of NB, several potentials have been tested and the obtained results compared and discussed. In most cases, the OPLS all-atom potential gives results that are in better agreement with available experimental values. Atomic radial distribution functions, dihedral and angle distributions, as well as dipole-orientation correlation functions are used to probe the structure and interactions of the bulk molecules of both organic solvents. These were seen to be very similar in terms of structure and thermodynamics, but quite distinct in terms of dynamic behavior, with NPOE showing a much slower dynamic response than NB. A simulation study of the simple Cl- and K+ ions dissolved in both solvents has been also undertaken, revealing details about the diffusion and solvation mechanisms of these ions. It was found that in both liquids the positive potassium ion is solvated by the negative end of the molecular dipole, whereas the negative chloride ion is solvated by the positive end of the dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jorge
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Shelton DP. Ferroelectric domains in nitrobenzene-nitromethane solutions measured by hyper-Rayleigh scattering. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:124509. [PMID: 16599699 DOI: 10.1063/1.2181980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) spectra were measured for liquid solutions of C6H5NO2 and CH3NO2 at T=300 K. The depolarized HRS spectra at small frequency shift are dominated by two components due to reorientation of the nitrobenzene molecules. One is a Lorentzian with spectral width nu1=0.16-0.45 cm(-1) and corresponding orientation relaxation time tau=33-12 ps. The second component is a narrow spike with spectral width <2 MHz and corresponding relaxation time tau>80 ns, attributed to HRS from slowly relaxing ferroelectric domains. The dipole order parameter g0=0.053+/-0.005, saturation parameter p=0.9+/-0.1, and volume V=20+/-6 nm3 for these domains in nitromethane were determined from measurements of the nitrobenzene-concentration dependence of the intensity ratio for these two spectral components. Orientation of the 230 nitromethane molecules within each domain is inhomogenous but highly ordered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Shelton
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4002, USA.
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Davis D, Sreekumar K, Sajeev Y, Pal S. Optimization of Nonlinear Optical Properties by Substituent Position, Geometry and Symmetry of the Molecule: An ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14093-101. [PMID: 16852770 DOI: 10.1021/jp051355d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Static polarizability and first- and second-order hyperpolarizability tensors are computed at the correlated level for a series of para-nitroaniline derivatives. The importance of including electron correlation effects in the determination of equilibrium structure and the molecular properties is investigated. A qualitative description of the substitution effects, planarity, and symmetric effect of the molecule on the molecular susceptibility is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daly Davis
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682 022, India
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Chen J, Wong KY. Study of intermolecular interactions in liquid nitrobenzene by depolarized hyper-Rayleigh scattering. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:174505. [PMID: 15910043 DOI: 10.1063/1.1884085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We employed depolarized hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) to investigate the intermolecular interactions in liquid nitrobenzene. By comparing the depolarization ratios of the second-harmonic scattered light from neat nitrobenzene and mixtures of nitrobenzene and methanol of varying mixing ratios, we demonstrated the existence of a coherent component of HRS in liquid nitrobenzene. The coherent component was found to essentially disappear at a sufficiently high dilution of the nitrobenzene liquid. We also observed that both localized orientational correlation and delocalized libron excitation contribute to coherent HRS in liquid nitrobenzene. The delocalized contribution to coherent HRS was found to diminish much more readily with the introduction of interstitial foreign molecules than the localized contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, China
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Reis H, Makowska-Janusika M, Papadopoulos MG. Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities of Poled Guest−Host Systems: A Computational Approach. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0498522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Reis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vasileos Constantinou 48, GR-11635 Athens, Greece
| | - M. Makowska-Janusika
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vasileos Constantinou 48, GR-11635 Athens, Greece
| | - M. G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vasileos Constantinou 48, GR-11635 Athens, Greece
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AVRAMOPOULOS A, PAPADOPOULOS MG. Trends in the electronic and vibrational contributions to the dipole moment, polarizabilities, and first and second hyperpolarizabilities of the hydrides of Li, Na and K. Mol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110097839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Munn RW. Microscopic theory of hyper-Rayleigh scattering for molecular crystals. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1355312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Reis H, Papadopoulos MG, Theodorou DN. Calculation of refractive indices and third-harmonic generation susceptibilities of liquid benzene and water: Comparison of continuum and discrete local-field theories. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1327261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Munn RW. Calculation of the refractive indices in the optically anomalous crystal of 1,5-dichloro-2,3-dinitrobenzene. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1318903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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di Matteo A, Ferrarini A, Moro GJ. Effects of Electrostatic Interactions on Orientational Order of Solutes in Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000891x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, Università di Padova 2 via Loredan, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberta Ferrarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, Università di Padova 2 via Loredan, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio J. Moro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, Università di Padova 2 via Loredan, 35131 Padova, Italy
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