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Sun Q, Mateo LM, Robles R, Ruffieux P, Bottari G, Torres T, Fasel R, Lorente N. Magnetic Interplay between π-Electrons of Open-Shell Porphyrins and d-Electrons of Their Central Transition Metal Ions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105906. [PMID: 35302718 PMCID: PMC9259720 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism is typically associated with d- or f-block elements, but can also appear in organic molecules with unpaired π-electrons. This has considerably boosted the interest in such organic materials with large potential for spintronics and quantum applications. While several materials showing either d/f or π-electron magnetism have been synthesized, the combination of both features within the same structure has only scarcely been reported. Open-shell porphyrins (Pors) incorporating d-block transition metal ions represent an ideal platform for the realization of such architectures. Herein, the preparation of a series of open-shell, π-extended Pors that contain magnetically active metal ions (i.e., CuII , CoII , and FeII ) through a combination of in-solution and on-surface synthesis is reported. A detailed study of the magnetic interplay between π- and d-electrons in these metalloPors has been performed by scanning probe methods and density functional theory calculations. For the Cu and FePors, ferromagnetically coupled π-electrons are determined to be delocalized over the Por edges. For the CoPor, the authors find a Kondo resonance resulting from the singly occupied CoII dz 2 orbital to dominate the magnetic fingerprint. The Fe derivative exhibits the highest magnetization of 3.67 μB (S≈2) and an exchange coupling of 16 meV between the π-electrons and the Fe d-states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- nanotech@surfaces LaboratoryEmpa ‐ Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDübendorf8600Switzerland
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Luis M. Mateo
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
- IMDEA‐NanocienciaCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | - Roberto Robles
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC‐UPV/EHU)Paseo de Manuel de Lardizabal 5Donostia‐San Sebastián20018Spain
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces LaboratoryEmpa ‐ Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
- IMDEA‐NanocienciaCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
- IMDEA‐NanocienciaCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces LaboratoryEmpa ‐ Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDübendorf8600Switzerland
- Department of ChemistryBiochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernBern3012Switzerland
| | - Nicolás Lorente
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC‐UPV/EHU)Paseo de Manuel de Lardizabal 5Donostia‐San Sebastián20018Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)Donostia‐San Sebastián20018Spain
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Cojocariu I, Feyersinger F, Puschnig P, Schio L, Floreano L, Feyer V, Schneider CM. Insight into intramolecular chemical structure modifications by on-surface reaction using photoemission tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3050-3053. [PMID: 33625406 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of photoemission tomography (PT) to directly probe single molecule on-surface intramolecular reactions will be shown here. PT application in the study of molecules possessing peripheral ligands and structural flexibility is tested on the temperature-induced dehydrogenation intramolecular reaction on Ag(100), leading from CoOEP to the final product CoTBP. Along with the ring-closure reaction, the electronic occupancy and energy level alignment of the frontier orbitals, as well as the oxidation state of the metal ion, are elucidated for both the CoOEP and CoTBP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Sun Q, Mateo LM, Robles R, Ruffieux P, Lorente N, Bottari G, Torres T, Fasel R. Inducing Open-Shell Character in Porphyrins through Surface-Assisted Phenalenyl π-Extension. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18109-18117. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Luis M. Mateo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus
de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Robles
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales, CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo de Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Lorente
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales, CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo de Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus
de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus
de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Arruda LM, Ali ME, Bernien M, Hatter N, Nickel F, Kipgen L, Hermanns CF, Bißwanger T, Loche P, Heinrich BW, Franke KJ, Oppeneer PM, Kuch W. Surface-orientation- and ligand-dependent quenching of the spin magnetic moment of Co porphyrins adsorbed on Cu substrates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12688-12696. [PMID: 32458937 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin molecules are particularly interesting candidates for spintronic applications due to their bonding flexibility, which allows to modify their properties substantially by the addition or transformation of ligands. Here, we investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of cobalt octaethylporphyrin (CoOEP), deposited on copper substrates with two distinct crystallographic surface orientations, Cu(100) and Cu(111), with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). A significant magnetic moment is present in the Co ions of the molecules deposited on Cu(100), but it is completely quenched on Cu(111). Heating the molecules on both substrates to 500 K induces a ring-closure reaction with cobalt tetrabenzoporphyrin (CoTBP) as reaction product. In these molecules, the magnetic moment is quenched on both surfaces. Our XMCD and XAS measurements suggest that the filling of the dz2 orbital leads to a non-integer valence state and causes the quench of the spin moments on all samples except CoOEP/Cu(100), where the molecular conformation induces variations to the ligand field that lift the quench. We further employ density functional theory calculations, supplemented with on-site Coulomb correlations (DFT+U), to study the adsorption of these spin-bearing molecules on the Cu substrates. Our calculations show that charge transfer from the Cu substrates as well as charge redistribution within the Co 3d orbitals lead to the filling of the Co minority spin dz2 orbital, causing a 'turning off' of the exchange splitting and quenching of the spin moment at the Co magnetic centers. Our investigations suggest that, by this mechanism, molecule-substrate interactions can be used to control the quenching of the magnetic moments of the adsorbed molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Arruda
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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van Vörden D, Wortmann B, Schmidt N, Lange M, Robles R, Brendel L, Bobisch CA, Möller R. Following the steps of a reaction by direct imaging of many individual molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7711-4. [PMID: 27230941 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dehydrogenation and dechlorination of FeOEP-Cl on Cu(111) has been studied in detail by scanning tunneling microscopy. Although, it is not possible to follow the reaction of an individual molecule, the complete pathway of the reaction with 22 inequivalent intermediate states and the rates of the involved processes are revealed. This is achieved by combining the analysis of a large data set showing thousands of molecules in the different stages of the reaction with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis van Vörden
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Ben Wortmann
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Nico Schmidt
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Lange
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Roberto Robles
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lothar Brendel
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Christian A Bobisch
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Rolf Möller
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
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Zhang L, Lepper M, Stark M, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hieringer W, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Self-assembly and coverage dependent thermally induced conformational changes of Ni(ii)-meso-tetrakis (4-tert-butylphenyl) benzoporphyrin on Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13066-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible intramolecular conformation change induced by a coverage-dependent dehydrogenative intramolecular aryl–aryl coupling reaction was observed for Ni-TTBPBP on Cu(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
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Heinrich BW, Ahmadi G, Müller VL, Braun L, Pascual JI, Franke KJ. Change of the magnetic coupling of a metal-organic complex with the substrate by a stepwise ligand reaction. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:4840-3. [PMID: 23985020 DOI: 10.1021/nl402575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The surface-assisted intramolecular ligand reaction of a porphyrin molecule adsorbed on Au(111) is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The temperature-induced stepwise transformation of iron octaethylporphyrin proceeds via a concentric electrocyclic ring closure, with the final product iron tetrabenzoporphyrin being identified by its characteristic Kondo resonance. Along with the transformation of the organic ligand, changes in the magnetic fingerprint are observed, indicating an increasing coupling of the iron spin with the substrate electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Heinrich
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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