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Mahmood MA, Lee SG, Lee SH, Kim HN, Lee K, Ahmad I, Yang JM, Yoon JW, Lee HW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Choi IW, Nam CH. Calibration of radiochromic EBT3 film using laser-accelerated protons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023302. [PMID: 33648087 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a proof of principle for onsite calibration of a radiochromic film (EBT3) using CR-39 as an absolute proton-counting detector and laser-accelerated protons as a calibration source. A special detector assembly composed of aluminum range filters, an EBT3 film, and a CR-39 detector is used to expose the EBT3 film with protons in an energy range of 3.65 MeV-5.85 MeV. In our design, the proton beam is divided into small beamlets and their projection images are taken on the EBT3 film and the CR-39 detector by maintaining a certain distance between the two detectors. Owing to the geometrical factor of the configuration and scattering inside the EBT3, the areal number density of protons was kept below the saturation level of the CR-39 detector. We also present a method to relate the number of protons detected on the CR-39 in a narrow energy range to protons with a broad energy spectrum that contribute to the dose deposited in the EBT3 film. The energy spectrum of protons emitted along the target normal direction is simultaneously measured using another CR-39 detector installed in a Thomson parabola spectrometer. The calibration curves for the EBT3 film were obtained in the optical density range of 0.01-0.25 for low dose values of 0.1 Gy-3.0 Gy. Our results are in good agreement with the calibrations of the EBT3 film that are traditionally carried out using conventional accelerators. The method presented here can be further extended for onsite calibration of radiochromic films of other types and for a higher range of dose values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Mahmood
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Geun Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Research Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Lee
- Research Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Seimetz M, Peñas J, Llerena JJ, Benlliure J, García López J, Millán-Callado MA, Benlloch JM. PADC nuclear track detector for ion spectroscopy in laser-plasma acceleration. Phys Med 2020; 76:72-76. [PMID: 32599377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparent polymer polyallyl-diglycol-carbonate (PADC), also known as CR-39, is widely used as detector for heavy charged particles at low fluence. It allows for detection of single protons and ions via formation of microscopic tracks after etching in NaOH or KOH solutions. PADC combines a high sensitivity and high specificity with inertness towards electromagnetic noise. Present fields of application include laser-ion acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, radiobiological studies with cell cultures, and dosimetry of nuclear fragments in particle therapy. These require precise knowledge of the energy-dependent response of PADC to different ion species. We present calibration data for a new type of detector material, Radosys RS39, to protons (0.2-3 MeV) and carbon ions (0.6-12 MeV). RS39 is less sensitive to protons than other types of PADC. Its response to carbon ions, however, is similar to other materials. Our data indicate that RS39 allows for measuring carbon ion energies up to 10 MeV only from the track diameters. In addition, it can be used for discrimination between protons and carbon ions in a single etching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seimetz
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Peñas
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J J Llerena
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Benlliure
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J García López
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M A Millán-Callado
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Benlloch
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Advances in Spectral Distribution Assessment of Laser Accelerated Protons using Multilayer CR-39 Detectors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We show that a spectral distribution of laser-accelerated protons can be extracted by analyzing the proton track diameters observed on the front side of a second CR-39 detector arranged in a stack. The correspondence between the proton track diameter and the incident energy on the second detector is established by knowing that protons with energies only higher than 10.5 MeV can fully deposit their energy in the second CR-39 detector. The correlation between the laser-accelerated proton track diameters observed on the front side of the second CR-39 detector and the proton incident energy on the detector stack is also presented. By calculating the proton number stopped in the CR-39 stack, we find out that its dependence on the proton energy in the 1–15 MeV range presents some discontinuities at energies higher than 9 MeV. Thus, we build a calibration curve of the track diameter as a function of the proton incident energy within the 1–9 MeV range, and we infer the associated analytical function as the calculations performed indicate best results for proton spectra within the 1–9 MeV range. The calibration curve is used as a tool to ascertain the pits identified on the surfaces of both CR-39 detectors to proton tracks. The proton tracks spatial distribution analyzed by optical and atomic force microscopy is correlated with the peculiarity of the used targets.
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Seimetz M, Bellido P, García P, Mur P, Iborra A, Soriano A, Hülber T, García López J, Jiménez-Ramos MC, Lera R, Ruiz-de la Cruz A, Sánchez I, Zaffino R, Roso L, Benlloch JM. Spectral characterization of laser-accelerated protons with CR-39 nuclear track detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:023302. [PMID: 29495831 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CR-39 nuclear track material is frequently used for the detection of protons accelerated in laser-plasma interactions. The measurement of track densities allows for determination of particle angular distributions, and information on the kinetic energy can be obtained by the use of passive absorbers. We present a precise method of measuring spectral distributions of laser-accelerated protons in a single etching and analysis process. We make use of a one-to-one relation between proton energy and track size and present a precise calibration based on monoenergetic particle beams. While this relation is limited to proton energies below 1 MeV, we show that the range of spectral measurements can be significantly extended by simultaneous use of absorbers of suitable thicknesses. Examples from laser-plasma interactions are presented, and quantitative results on proton energies and particle numbers are compared to those obtained from a time-of-flight detector. The spectrum end points of continuous energy distributions have been determined with both detector types and coincide within 50-100 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seimetz
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Bellido
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P García
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Mur
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Iborra
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Soriano
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - T Hülber
- Radosys Kft., Vegyész u. 17-27, 1116 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J García López
- Departamento Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M C Jiménez-Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), U. Sevilla-J. Andalucía-CSIC, Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Lera
- Proton Laser Applications S.L. (PLA), Avda. Vilafranca del Penedès 11, 08734 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - A Ruiz-de la Cruz
- Proton Laser Applications S.L. (PLA), Avda. Vilafranca del Penedès 11, 08734 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - I Sánchez
- Proton Laser Applications S.L. (PLA), Avda. Vilafranca del Penedès 11, 08734 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - R Zaffino
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), C/ dels Til.lers Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - L Roso
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Calle del Adaja, 37185 Villamayor, Spain
| | - J M Benlloch
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Jeong TW, Singh PK, Scullion C, Ahmed H, Hadjisolomou P, Jeon C, Yun H, Kakolee KF, Borghesi M, Ter-Avetisyan S. CR-39 track detector for multi-MeV ion spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2152. [PMID: 28526837 PMCID: PMC5438376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the characteristics of track formation on the front and rear surfaces of CR-39 produced by laser-driven protons and carbon ions. A methodological approach, based on bulk etch length, is proposed to uniquely characterize the particle tracks in CR-39, enabling comparative description of the track characteristics in different experiments. The response of CR-39 to ions is studied based on the energy dependent growth rate of the track diameter to understand the intrinsic particle stopping process within the material. A large non-uniformity in the track diameter is observed for CR-39 with thickness matching with the stopping range of particles. Simulation and experimental results show the imprint of longitudinal range straggling for energetic protons. Moreover, by exploiting the energy dependence of the track diameter, the energy resolution (δE/E) of CR-39 for few MeV protons and Carbon ion is found to be about 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jeong
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - P K Singh
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - C Scullion
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - H Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - P Hadjisolomou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - C Jeon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yun
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - K F Kakolee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - M Borghesi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - S Ter-Avetisyan
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Malinowska A, Jaskóła M, Korman A, Szydłowski A, Malinowski K, Sartowska B, Kuk M. Change in the sensitivity of PM-355 track detectors for protons after long–term storage. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malinowska A, Jaskóła M, Korman A, Szydłowski A, Kuk M. Characterization of solid state nuclear track detectors of the polyallyl-diglycol-carbonate (CR-39/PM-355) type for light charged particle spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:123505. [PMID: 25554291 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a method which uses the characteristics of the etch pits induced in a polyallyl-diglycol-carbonate (PADC) detector of the CR-39/PM-355 type to estimate particle energy. This method is based on the data provided by a semiautomatic system that selects tracks according to two parameters, crater diameters, and mean gray level values. In this paper we used the results of the calibration measurements that were obtained in our laboratory in the period 2000-2014. Combining the information on the two parameters it is possible to determine unambiguously the incident projectile energy values. The paper presents the results of an attempt to estimate the energy resolution of the method when analyzing the tracks produced in the CR-39/PM-355 detector by energetic ions such as alpha particles, protons, and deuterons. We discuss the energy resolution of the measurement of light charged particle energy which is based on the parameters (crater diameter and mean gray level value) of tracks induced in solid state nuclear track detectors of the PADC type.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malinowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock, Poland
| | - M Jaskóła
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock, Poland
| | - A Korman
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock, Poland
| | - A Szydłowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock, Poland
| | - M Kuk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock, Poland
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