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Ho PJ, Ray D, Lehmann CS, Fouda AEA, Dunford RW, Kanter EP, Doumy G, Young L, Walko DA, Zheng X, Cheng L, Southworth SH. X-ray induced electron and ion fragmentation dynamics in IBr. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134304. [PMID: 37031139 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the inner-shell decay processes in molecules containing heavy elements is key to understanding x-ray damage of molecules and materials and for medical applications with Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides. The 1s hole states of heavy atoms can be produced by absorption of tunable x rays and the resulting vacancy decays characterized by recording emitted photons, electrons, and ions. The 1s hole states in heavy elements have large x-ray fluorescence yields that transfer the hole to intermediate electron shells that then decay by sequential Auger-electron transitions that increase the ion’s charge state until the final state is reached. In molecules, the charge is spread across the atomic sites, resulting in dissociation to energetic atomic ions. We have used x-ray/ion coincidence spectroscopy to measure charge states and energies of I q+ and Br q′+ atomic ions following 1s ionization at the I and Br K-edges of IBr. We present the charge states and kinetic energies of the two correlated fragment ions associated with core-excited states produced during the various steps of the cascades. To understand the dynamics leading to the ion data, we develop a computational model that combines Monte-Carlo/Molecular-Dynamics (MC/MD) simulations with a classical over-the-barrier model to track inner-shell cascades and redistribution of electrons in valence orbitals and nuclear motion of fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phay J. Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C. Stefan Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Adam E. A. Fouda
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Robert W. Dunford
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Elliot P. Kanter
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Donald A. Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Stephen H. Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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2
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Duley A, Tyagi R, Bari SB, Kelkar AH. Design and characterization of a recoil ion momentum spectrometer for investigating molecular fragmentation dynamics upon MeV energy ion impact ionization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113308. [PMID: 36461529 DOI: 10.1063/5.0109415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the development and performance of a newly built recoil ion momentum spectrometer to study the fragmentation dynamics of ionized molecules. The spectrometer is based on the two-stage Wiley-McLaren geometry and satisfies both time and velocity focusing conditions. An electrostatic lens has been introduced in the drift region to achieve velocity imaging and higher angular collection. The spectrometer is equipped with a 2D position-sensitive detector with multi-hit coincidence electronics. Ionic fragments with kinetic energy ∼8 eV can be detected with 4π collection. The overall performance of the spectrometer has been tested by carrying out three-dimensional ion imaging measurements for diatomic (N2) and polyatomic (CH2Cl2) molecules under the impact of 1 MeV protons. Three-dimensional momentum and kinetic energy release distributions were derived from the measured position and time-of-flight spectra. The observed features of the various fragmentation channels as well as the measured kinetic energy release distributions are in complete agreement with the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Duley
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sandeep B Bari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - A H Kelkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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3
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Dowek D, Decleva P. Trends in angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24614-24654. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective article, main trends of angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy in the laboratory up to the molecular frame, in different regimes of light-matter interactions, are highlighted with emphasis on foundations and most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Dowek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- CNR IOM and Dipartimento DSCF, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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4
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Biswas S, Tribedi LC. A recoil ion momentum spectrometer for probing ionization, e-capture, and capture-ionization induced molecular fragmentation dynamics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:123304. [PMID: 34972410 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of a recoil ion momentum spectrometer (RIMS) along with a post-collision projectile charge state analyzer (CSA) and its performance for carrying out studies of molecular fragmentation following direct ionization, electron-capture, and capture-ionization have been demonstrated here. This is a two-stage Wiley-McLaren type spectrometer with slight modification introduced by adding a lens to achieve higher momentum resolution as well as larger angular acceptance. Along with the time and position sensitive detector, it can measure all the three momentum components of singly charged recoil ions of energy up to 10 eV emitted in all directions. The CSA assembly is designed for separating out any neutral or singly or doubly charged post-collision projectiles typically of keV energy. The RIMS with initial trigger ("start") from CSA or an ionized electron can uniquely determine the dynamics of molecular fragmentation following different electron-capture or direct ionization events, respectively. To check the performance of the setup, we carried out an experimental study of the fragmentation of N2 molecules under the impact of 250 keV protons. Apart from the single-electron-capture channel, we could clearly identify three more capture-ionization channels, which lead to fragmentation. The essential features of the momentum distributions and the kinetic energy release distributions of all three fragmentation channels are discussed in detail. These results are compared with the findings from the ionization induced fragmentation experiments and with the available results from theoretical calculations as well as high resolution experiments. The branching ratios of these fragmentation channels are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadeep Biswas
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Lokesh C Tribedi
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India
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5
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Ismail I, Journel L, Vacheresse R, Travnikova O, Marin T, Céolin D, Guillemin R, Marchenko T, Zmerli M, Koulentianos D, Püttner R, Palaudoux J, Penent F, Simon M. A von Hamos spectrometer based on highly annealed pyrolytic graphite crystal in tender x-ray domain. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:073104. [PMID: 34340417 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have built an x-ray spectrometer in a von Hamos configuration based on a highly annealed pyrolytic graphite crystal. The spectrometer is designed to measure x-ray emission in the range of 2-5 keV. A spectral resolution E/ΔE of 4000 was achieved by recording the elastic peak of photons issued from the GALAXIES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyas Ismail
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Journel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Régis Vacheresse
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Oksana Travnikova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Marin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Denis Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Moustafa Zmerli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Dimitris Koulentianos
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Ralph Püttner
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Palaudoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Francis Penent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Marc Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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6
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Piancastelli MN, Marchenko T, Guillemin R, Journel L, Travnikova O, Ismail I, Simon M. Hard x-ray spectroscopy and dynamics of isolated atoms and molecules: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:016401. [PMID: 31694003 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present here a review of the most significant recent achievements in the field of HAXPES (hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) on isolated atoms and molecules, and related spectroscopies. The possibility of conducting hard x-ray photoexcitation and photoionization experiments under state-of-the art conditions in terms of photon and electron kinetic energy resolution has become available only in the last few years. HAXPES has then produced structural and dynamical information at the level of detail already reached in the VUV and soft-x-ray ranges. The much improved experimental conditions have allowed extending to the hard x-ray range some methods well established in soft x-ray spectroscopies. Investigations of electron and nuclear dynamics in the femtosecond (fs, 10-15 s) and even attosecond (as, 10-18 s) regime have become feasible. Complex relaxation phenomena following deep-core ionization can now be enlightened in great detail. Other phenomena like e.g. recoil-induced effects are much more important in fast photoelectron emission, which can be induced by hard x-rays. Furthermore, a new kind of ionic states with double core holes can be observed by x-ray single-photon absorption. Future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Ablikim U, Bomme C, Osipov T, Xiong H, Obaid R, Bilodeau RC, Kling NG, Dumitriu I, Augustin S, Pathak S, Schnorr K, Kilcoyne D, Berrah N, Rolles D. A coincidence velocity map imaging spectrometer for ions and high-energy electrons to study inner-shell photoionization of gas-phase molecules. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:055103. [PMID: 31153288 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and performance of a double-sided coincidence velocity map imaging spectrometer optimized for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments studying inner-shell photoionization of gas-phase molecules with soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. The apparatus employs two microchannel plate detectors equipped with delay-line anodes for coincident, time- and position-resolved detection of photoelectrons and Auger electrons with kinetic energies up to 300 eV on one side of the spectrometer and photoions up to 25 eV per unit charge on the opposite side. We demonstrate its capabilities by measuring valence photoelectrons and ion spectra of neon and nitrogen and by studying channel-resolved photoelectron and Auger spectra along with fragment-ion momentum correlations for chlorine 2p inner-shell ionization of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utuq Ablikim
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Cédric Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Osipov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Razib Obaid
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - René C Bilodeau
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ileana Dumitriu
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - Sven Augustin
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Kirsten Schnorr
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Kilcoyne
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nora Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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8
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Kierspel T, Bomme C, Di Fraia M, Wiese J, Anielski D, Bari S, Boll R, Erk B, Kienitz JS, Müller NLM, Rolles D, Viefhaus J, Trippel S, Küpper J. Photophysics of indole upon X-ray absorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20205-20216. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photofragmentation study of gas-phase indole (C8H7N) upon single-photon ionization at a photon energy of 420 eV is presented.
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9
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Poullain SM, Cireasa R, Cornaggia C, Simon M, Marin T, Guillemin R, Houver JC, Lucchese RR, Dowek D. Spectral dependence of photoemission in multiphoton ionization of NO 2 by femtosecond pulses in the 375-430 nm range. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21996-22007. [PMID: 28748241 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the multiphoton ionization of NO2 using tunable (430-375 nm) femtosecond pulses and photoelectron-photoion coincidence momentum spectroscopy. In order to understand the complex electronic and nuclear photodynamics at play following absorption of three to five photons, we also report extended photoionization calculations using correlated targets and coupled channels. Exploring the multiphoton dissociative ionization (MPDI) and multiphoton ionization (MPI) processes over such a broad energy range enables us to lend further support to our work carried out around 400 nm of a femtosecond laser [S. Marggi Poullain et al., J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 2014, 47, 124024]. Two excitation energy regions are identified and discussed in terms of the proposed reaction pathways, highlighting the significant role of Rydberg states, such as the [R*(6a1)-1, 3pσ] Rydberg state, in the NO2 multiphoton excitation and photoionization. These new results support our previous assumption that different bent and linear geometries of the NO2+(X1Σg) ionic state contribute to the MPDI and MPI, consistent with the reported calculations which reveal an important vibronic coupling characterizing the photoemission. Remarkably, the strong anisotropy of the recoil frame photoelectron angular distribution (RFPAD) previously observed at 400 nm appears as a fingerprint across the whole explored photon energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marggi Poullain
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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10
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Khan A, Tribedi LC, Misra D. A recoil ion momentum spectrometer for molecular and atomic fragmentation studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:043105. [PMID: 25933839 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and performance studies of a newly built recoil ion momentum spectrometer for the study of atomic and molecular fragmentation dynamics in gas phase upon the impact of charged particles and photons. The present design is a two-stage Wiley-McLaren type spectrometer which satisfies both time and velocity focusing conditions and is capable of measuring singly charged ionic fragments up-to 13 eV in all directions. An electrostatic lens has been introduced in order to achieve velocity imaging. Effects of the lens on time-of-flight as well as on the position have been investigated in detail, both, by simulation and in experiment. We have used 120 keV proton beam on molecular nitrogen gas target. Complete momentum distributions and kinetic energy release distributions have been derived from the measured position and time-of-flight spectra. Along with this, the kinetic energy release spectra of fragmentation of doubly ionized nitrogen molecule upon various projectile impacts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Khan
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Lokesh C Tribedi
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Deepankar Misra
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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11
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Guillemin R, Decleva P, Stener M, Bomme C, Marin T, Journel L, Marchenko T, Kushawaha RK, Jänkälä K, Trcera N, Bowen KP, Lindle DW, Piancastelli MN, Simon M. Selecting core-hole localization or delocalization in CS2 by photofragmentation dynamics. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6166. [PMID: 25607354 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic core levels in molecules are highly localized around one atomic site. However, in single-photon ionization of symmetric molecules, the question of core-hole localization versus delocalization over two equivalent atoms has long been debated as the answer lies at the heart of quantum mechanics. Here, using a joint experimental and theoretical study of core-ionized carbon disulfide (CS2), we demonstrate that it is possible to experimentally select distinct molecular-fragmentation pathways in which the core hole can be considered as either localized on one sulfur atom or delocalized between two indistinguishable sulfur atoms. This feat is accomplished by measuring photoelectron angular distributions within the frame of the molecule, directly probing entanglement or disentanglement of quantum pathways as a function of how the molecule dissociates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guillemin
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - P Decleva
- 1] Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy [2] Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita' di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy [3] CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Stener
- 1] Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy [2] Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita' di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy [3] CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Bomme
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - T Marin
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - L Journel
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - T Marchenko
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R K Kushawaha
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K Jänkälä
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - N Trcera
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - K P Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, USA
| | - D W Lindle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, USA
| | - M N Piancastelli
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [3] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Simon
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
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