1
|
Yue O, Wang X, Xie L, Bai Z, Zou X, Liu X. Biomimetic Exogenous "Tissue Batteries" as Artificial Power Sources for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices Manufacturing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307369. [PMID: 38196276 PMCID: PMC10953594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Implantable bioelectronic devices (IBDs) have gained attention for their capacity to conformably detect physiological and pathological signals and further provide internal therapy. However, traditional power sources integrated into these IBDs possess intricate limitations such as bulkiness, rigidity, and biotoxicity. Recently, artificial "tissue batteries" (ATBs) have diffusely developed as artificial power sources for IBDs manufacturing, enabling comprehensive biological-activity monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy. ATBs are on-demand and designed to accommodate the soft and confining curved placement space of organisms, minimizing interface discrepancies, and providing ample power for clinical applications. This review presents the near-term advancements in ATBs, with a focus on their miniaturization, flexibility, biodegradability, and power density. Furthermore, it delves into material-screening, structural-design, and energy density across three distinct categories of TBs, distinguished by power supply strategies. These types encompass innovative energy storage devices (chemical batteries and supercapacitors), power conversion devices that harness power from human-body (biofuel cells, thermoelectric nanogenerators, bio-potential devices, piezoelectric harvesters, and triboelectric devices), and energy transfer devices that receive and utilize external energy (radiofrequency-ultrasound energy harvesters, ultrasound-induced energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Ultimately, future challenges and prospects emphasize ATBs with the indispensability of bio-safety, flexibility, and high-volume energy density as crucial components in long-term implantable bioelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Zhongxue Bai
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xiaoliang Zou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laske TG, Garshelis DL, Iles TL, Iaizzo PA. An engineering perspective on the development and evolution of implantable cardiac monitors in free-living animals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200217. [PMID: 34121460 PMCID: PMC8200647 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest technologies associated with implantable physiological monitoring devices can record multiple channels of data (including: heart rates and rhythms, activity, temperature, impedance and posture), and coupled with powerful software applications, have provided novel insights into the physiology of animals in the wild. This perspective details past challenges and lessons learned from the uses and developments of implanted biologgers designed for human clinical application in our research on free-ranging American black bears (Ursus americanus). In addition, we reference other research by colleagues and collaborators who have leveraged these devices in their work, including: brown bears (Ursus arctos), grey wolves (Canis lupus), moose (Alces alces), maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). We also discuss the potentials for applications of such devices across a range of other species. To date, the devices described have been used in fifteen different wild species, with publications pending in many instances. We have focused our physiological research on the analyses of heart rates and rhythms and thus special attention will be paid to this topic. We then discuss some major expected step changes such as improvements in sensing algorithms, data storage, and the incorporation of next-generation short-range wireless telemetry. The latter provides new avenues for data transfer, and when combined with cloud-based computing, it not only provides means for big data storage but also the ability to readily leverage high-performance computing platforms using artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. These advances will dramatically increase both data quantity and quality and will facilitate the development of automated recognition of extreme physiological events or key behaviours of interest in a broad array of environments, thus further aiding wildlife monitoring and management. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part I)’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Laske
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, B172 Mayo, MMC 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David L Garshelis
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (retired), 1201 E Hwy 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA
| | - Tinen L Iles
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, B172 Mayo, MMC 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul A Iaizzo
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, B172 Mayo, MMC 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaidica M, Dantzer B. Quantifying the Autonomic Response to Stressors-One Way to Expand the Definition of "Stress" in Animals. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:113-125. [PMID: 32186720 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying how whole organisms respond to challenges in the external and internal environment ("stressors") is difficult. To date, physiological ecologists have mostly used measures of glucocorticoids (GCs) to assess the impact of stressors on animals. This is of course too simplistic as Hans Seyle himself characterized the response of organisms to "noxious stimuli" using multiple physiological responses. Possible solutions include increasing the number of biomarkers to more accurately characterize the "stress state" of animal or just measuring different biomarkers to more accurately characterize the degree of acute or chronic stressors an animal is experiencing. We focus on the latter and discuss how heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be better predictors of the degree of activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system and complement or even replace measures of GCs as indicators of animal health, welfare, fitness, or their level of exposure to stressors. The miniaturization of biological sensor technology ("bio-sensors" or "bio-loggers") presents an opportunity to reassess measures of stress state and develop new approaches. We describe some modern approaches to gathering these HR and HRV data in free-living animals with the aim that heart dynamics will be more integrated with measures of GCs as bio-markers of stress state and predictors of fitness in free-living animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Gaidica
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parr N, Bishop CM, Batbayar N, Butler PJ, Chua B, Milsom WK, Scott GR, Hawkes LA. Tackling the Tibetan Plateau in a down suit: insights into thermoregulation by bar-headed geese during migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/19/jeb203695. [PMID: 31601684 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Birds migrating through extreme environments can experience a range of challenges while meeting the demands of flight, including highly variable ambient temperatures, humidity and oxygen levels. However, there has been limited research into avian thermoregulation during migration in extreme environments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of flight performance and high altitude on body temperature (T b) of free-flying bar-headed geese (Anser indicus), a species that completes a high-altitude trans-Himalayan migration through very cold, hypoxic environments. We measured abdominal T b, along with altitude (via changes in barometric pressure), heart rate and body acceleration of bar-headed geese during their migration across the Tibetan Plateau. Bar-headed geese vary the circadian rhythm of T b in response to migration, with peak daily T b during daytime hours outside of migration but early in the morning or overnight during migration, reflecting changes in body acceleration. However, during flight, changes in T b were not consistent with changes in flight performance (as measured by heart rate or rate of ascent) or altitude. Overall, our results suggest that bar-headed geese are able to thermoregulate during high-altitude migration, maintaining T b within a relatively narrow range despite appreciable variation in flight intensity and environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Parr
- University of Exeter, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Charles M Bishop
- Bangor University, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Nyambayar Batbayar
- Wildlife Science & Conservation Centre of Mongolia, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar, 210351, Mongolia
| | - Patrick J Butler
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Beverly Chua
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - William K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Lucy A Hawkes
- University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hawkes LA, Batbayar N, Butler PJ, Chua B, Frappell PB, Meir JU, Milsom WK, Natsagdorj T, Parr N, Scott GR, Takekawa JY, WikeIski M, Witt MJ, Bishop CM. Do Bar-Headed Geese Train for High Altitude Flights? Integr Comp Biol 2018; 57:240-251. [PMID: 28859401 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SYNOPSIS Exercise at high altitude is extremely challenging, largely due to hypobaric hypoxia (low oxygen levels brought about by low air pressure). In humans, the maximal rate of oxygen consumption decreases with increasing altitude, supporting progressively poorer performance. Bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) are renowned high altitude migrants and, although they appear to minimize altitude during migration where possible, they must fly over the Tibetan Plateau (mean altitude 4800 m) for much of their annual migration. This requires considerable cardiovascular effort, but no study has assessed the extent to which bar-headed geese may train prior to migration for long distances, or for high altitudes. Using implanted loggers that recorded heart rate, acceleration, pressure, and temperature, we found no evidence of training for migration in bar-headed geese. Geese showed no significant change in summed activity per day or maximal activity per day. There was also no significant change in maximum heart rate per day or minimum resting heart rate, which may be evidence of an increase in cardiac stroke volume if all other variables were to remain the same. We discuss the strategies used by bar-headed geese in the context of training undertaken by human mountaineers when preparing for high altitude, noting the differences between their respective cardiovascular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Hawkes
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10?9FE, UK
| | - Nyambayar Batbayar
- Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbataar 210351, Mongolia
| | - Patrick J Butler
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15?2TT, UK
| | - Beverley Chua
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Peter B Frappell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | | | - William K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | | | - Nicole Parr
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10?9FE, UK
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 3K1
| | - John Y Takekawa
- Audubon California, Richardson Bay Audubon Center and Sanctuary, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Martin WikeIski
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Matthew J Witt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10?9FE, UK
| | - Charles M Bishop
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57?2UW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arpaia P, Cimmino P. Flexible architecture of data acquisition firmware based on multi-behaviors finite state machine. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:115113. [PMID: 27910517 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A flexible firmware architecture for different kinds of data acquisition systems, ranging from high-precision bench instruments to low-cost wireless transducers networks, is presented. The key component is a multi-behaviors finite state machine, easily configurable to both low- and high-performance requirements, to diverse operating systems, as well as to on-line and batch measurement algorithms. The proposed solution was validated experimentally on three case studies with data acquisition architectures: (i) concentrated, in a high-precision instrument for magnetic measurements at CERN, (ii) decentralized, for telemedicine remote monitoring of patients at home, and (iii) distributed, for remote monitoring of building's energy loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Arpaia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cimmino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weimerskirch H, Bishop C, Jeanniard-du-Dot T, Prudor A, Sachs G. Frigate birds track atmospheric conditions over months-long transoceanic flights. Science 2016; 353:74-8. [PMID: 27365448 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how animals respond to atmospheric conditions across space is critical for understanding the evolution of flight strategies and long-distance migrations. We studied the three-dimensional movements and energetics of great frigate birds (Fregata minor) and showed that they can stay aloft for months during transoceanic flights. To do this, birds track the edge of the doldrums to take advantage of favorable winds and strong convection. Locally, they use a roller-coaster flight, relying on thermals and wind to soar within a 50- to 600-meter altitude band under cumulus clouds and then glide over kilometers at low energy costs. To deal with the local scarcity of clouds and gain longer gliding distances, birds regularly soar inside cumulus clouds to use their strong updraft, and they can reach altitudes of 4000 meters, where freezing conditions occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France. UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint Denis, La Réunion.
| | - Charles Bishop
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | | | - Aurélien Prudor
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France. UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint Denis, La Réunion
| | - Gottfried Sachs
- Institute of Flight System Dynamics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Helms JA, Godfrey AP, Ames T, Bridge ES. Predator foraging altitudes reveal the structure of aerial insect communities. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28670. [PMID: 27352817 PMCID: PMC4926167 DOI: 10.1038/srep28670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The atmosphere is populated by a diverse array of dispersing insects and their predators. We studied aerial insect communities by tracking the foraging altitudes of an avian insectivore, the Purple Martin (Progne subis). By attaching altitude loggers to nesting Purple Martins and collecting prey delivered to their nestlings, we determined the flight altitudes of ants and other insects. We then tested hypotheses relating ant body size and reproductive ecology to flight altitude. Purple Martins flew up to 1,889 meters above ground, and nestling provisioning trips ranged up to 922 meters. Insect communities were structured by body size such that species of all sizes flew near the ground but only light insects flew to the highest altitudes. Ant maximum flight altitudes decreased by 60% from the lightest to the heaviest species. Winged sexuals of social insects (ants, honey bees, and termites) dominated the Purple Martin diet, making up 88% of prey individuals and 45% of prey biomass. By transferring energy from terrestrial to aerial food webs, mating swarms of social insects play a substantial role in aerial ecosystems. Although we focus on Purple Martins and ants, our combined logger and diet method could be applied to a range of aerial organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Helms
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Tayna Ames
- Lorain County Community College, Elyria, OH, USA
| | - Eli S Bridge
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bishop CM, Spivey RJ, Hawkes LA, Batbayar N, Chua B, Frappell PB, Milsom WK, Natsagdorj T, Newman SH, Scott GR, Takekawa JY, Wikelski M, Butler PJ. The roller coaster flight strategy of bar-headed geese conserves energy during Himalayan migrations. Science 2015; 347:250-4. [PMID: 25593180 DOI: 10.1126/science.1258732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The physiological and biomechanical requirements of flight at high altitude have been the subject of much interest. Here, we uncover a steep relation between heart rate and wingbeat frequency (raised to the exponent 3.5) and estimated metabolic power and wingbeat frequency (exponent 7) of migratory bar-headed geese. Flight costs increase more rapidly than anticipated as air density declines, which overturns prevailing expectations that this species should maintain high-altitude flight when traversing the Himalayas. Instead, a "roller coaster" strategy, of tracking the underlying terrain and discarding large altitude gains only to recoup them later in the flight with occasional benefits from orographic lift, is shown to be energetically advantageous for flights over the Himalayas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Bishop
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - R J Spivey
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - L A Hawkes
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
| | - N Batbayar
- Wildlife Science and Conservation Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbataar, Mongolia
| | - B Chua
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P B Frappell
- Office of the Dean of Graduate Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - W K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Natsagdorj
- Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbataar, Mongolia
| | - S H Newman
- Emergency Prevention System(EMPRES) Wildlife and Ecology Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - G R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Y Takekawa
- San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA
| | - M Wikelski
- Max Planck Institüt für Ornithologie, Radolfzell, Germany. Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - P J Butler
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|