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Daivis PJ, Hansen JS, Todd BD. Electropumping of nanofluidic water by linear and angular momentum coupling: theoretical foundations and molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25003-25018. [PMID: 34739012 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this article we review the relatively new phenomenon of electropumping in nanofluidic systems, in which nonzero net flow results when polar molecules are rotated by external electric fields. The flow is a consequence of coupling of the spin angular momentum of molecules with their linear streaming momentum. By devising confining surfaces that are asymmetric - specifically one surface is more hydrophobic compared to the other - unidirectional flow results and so pumping can be achieved without the use of pressure gradients. We first cover the historical background to this phenomenon and follow that with a detailed theoretical description of the governing hydrodynamics. Following that we summarise work that has applied this phenomenon to pump water confined to planar nanochannels, semi-functionalised single carbon nanotubes and concentric carbon nanotubes. We also report on the energy efficiency of this pumping technique by comparisons with traditional flows of planar Couette and Poiseuille flow, with the surprising conclusion that electropumping at the nanoscale is some 4 orders of magnitude more efficient than pumping by Poiseuille flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Daivis
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - J S Hansen
- "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde 4000, Denmark.
| | - B D Todd
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Huo F, He H, Zhang S. Molecular Insights into the Regulatable Interfacial Property and Flow Behavior of Confined Ionic Liquids in Graphene Nanochannels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804508. [PMID: 30680916 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of confined structure and flow property of ionic liquid (IL) in a nanochannel are essential for the efficient application of ILs in the green chemical processes. In this work, the ionic structure and various flow behaviors of ILs inside graphene nanochannels via molecular dynamics simulations are shown. The effect of the nanochannel structure on confined flow is explored, showing that the width mainly heightens the viscosity while the oxidation degree primarily enhances the interfacial friction coefficient. Tuning the width and oxidation degree of nanochannel, three different flow behaviors including Poiseuille, partial plunger and full plunger flow can be achieved, where the second one does not occur in water or other organic solvents. To describe the special flow behavior, an effective influence extent of the nanochannel (w EIE ) is defined, whose value can distinguish the above flows effectively. Based on w EIE , the phase diagrams of flow behavior for the nanochannel structure and pressure gradient are obtained, showing that the critical pressure gradient decreases with width and increases with the oxidation degree. Based on the quantitative relations between confined structures, viscosity, friction coefficient, flow behavior, and nanochannel structure, the intrinsic mechanism of regulating the flow behavior and rational design of nanochannel are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Weiss LB, Dahirel V, Marry V, Jardat M. Computation of the Hydrodynamic Radius of Charged Nanoparticles from Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5940-5950. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Weiss
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Physico-chimie des électrolytes et nano-systèmes interfaciaux, PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Dahirel
- Physico-chimie des électrolytes et nano-systèmes interfaciaux, PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Marry
- Physico-chimie des électrolytes et nano-systèmes interfaciaux, PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie Jardat
- Physico-chimie des électrolytes et nano-systèmes interfaciaux, PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
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4
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Daub CD, Cann NM, Bratko D, Luzar A. Electrokinetic flow of an aqueous electrolyte in amorphous silica nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27838-27848. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We study the pressure-driven flow of aqueous NaCl in amorphous silica nanotubes using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations featuring both polarizable and non-polarizable molecular models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Bratko
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Alenka Luzar
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
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5
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Wang Y, Huo F, He H, Zhang S. The confined [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid flow through graphene oxide nanochannels: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17773-17780. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Our work quantitatively shows how hydroxyls influence the flow behavior of ionic liquids in nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Feng Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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6
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Karbowniczek P, Chrzanowska A. Kinetic-contact-driven gigantic energy transfer in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones fluid confined to a rotating pore. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:053113. [PMID: 29347671 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.053113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system in a circular and rotating container has been studied by means of molecular dynamics technique. A nonequilibrium transition to the rotating stage has been detected in a delayed time since an instant switching of the frame rotation. This transition is attributed to the increase of the density at the wall because of the centrifugal force. At the same time the phase transition occurs, the inner system changes its configuration of the solid-state type into the liquid type. Impact of angular frequency and molecular roughness on the transport properties of the nonrotating and rotating systems is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Karbowniczek
- Institute of Physics, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chrzanowska
- Institute of Physics, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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Maćkowiak S, Heyes DM, Dini D, Brańka AC. Non-equilibrium phase behavior and friction of confined molecular films under shear: A non-equilibrium molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sz. Maćkowiak
- Institute of Physics, Poznań University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - D. M. Heyes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D. Dini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A. C. Brańka
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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De Luca S, Kannam SK, Todd BD, Frascoli F, Hansen JS, Daivis PJ. Effects of Confinement on the Dielectric Response of Water Extends up to Mesoscale Dimensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4765-4773. [PMID: 27115841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The extent of confinement effects on water is not clear in the literature. While some properties are affected only within a few nanometers from the wall surface, others are affected over long length scales, but the range is not clear. In this work, we have examined the dielectric response of confined water under the influence of external electric fields along with the dipolar fluctuations at equilibrium. The confinement induces a strong anisotropic effect which is evident up to 100 nm channel width, and may extend to macroscopic dimensions. The root-mean-square fluctuations of the total orientational dipole moment in the direction perpendicular to the surfaces is 1 order of magnitude smaller than the value attained in the parallel direction and is independent of the channel width. Consequently, the isotropic condition is unlikely to be recovered until the channel width reaches macroscopic dimensions. Consistent with dipole moment fluctuations, the effect of confinement on the dielectric response also persists up to channel widths considerably beyond 100 nm. When an electric field is applied in the perpendicular direction, the orientational relaxation is 3 orders of magnitude faster than the dipolar relaxation in the parallel direction and independent of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio De Luca
- School of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Material Design Centre (IMDC), University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia
| | | | | | | | - J S Hansen
- DNRF Center "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter J Daivis
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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9
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Ramos-Alvarado B, Kumar S, Peterson GP. Hydrodynamic slip in silicon nanochannels. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:033117. [PMID: 27078457 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.033117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were performed to better understand the hydrodynamic behavior of water flowing through silicon nanochannels. The water-silicon interaction potential was calibrated by means of size-independent molecular dynamics simulations of silicon wettability. The wettability of silicon was found to be dependent on the strength of the water-silicon interaction and the structure of the underlying surface. As a result, the anisotropy was found to be an important factor in the wettability of these types of crystalline solids. Using this premise as a fundamental starting point, the hydrodynamic slip in nanoconfined water was characterized using both equilibrium and nonequilibrium calculations of the slip length under low shear rate operating conditions. As was the case for the wettability analysis, the hydrodynamic slip was found to be dependent on the wetted solid surface atomic structure. Additionally, the interfacial water liquid structure was the most significant parameter to describe the hydrodynamic boundary condition. The calibration of the water-silicon interaction potential performed by matching the experimental contact angle of silicon led to the verification of the no-slip condition, experimentally reported for silicon nanochannels at low shear rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bladimir Ramos-Alvarado
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G P Peterson
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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10
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Abstract
A novel surface-heating algorithm for water is developed for molecular dynamics simulations. The validated algorithm can simulate the transient behavior of the evaporation of water when heated from a surface, which has been lacking in the literature. In this work, the algorithm is used to study the evaporation of water droplets on a platinum surface at different temperatures. The resulting contact angles of the droplets are compared to existing theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies. The evaporation profile along the droplet's radius and height is deduced along with the temperature gradient within the drop, and the evaporation behavior conforms to the Kelvin-Clapeyron theory. The algorithm captures the realistic differential thermal gradient in water heated at the surface and is promising for studying various heating/cooling problems, such as thin film evaporation, Leidenfrost effect, and so forth. The simplicity of the algorithm allows it to be easily extended to other surfaces and integrated into various molecular simulation software and user codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumith Y D
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Shalabh C Maroo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Gattinoni C, Maćkowiak S, Heyes DM, Brańka AC, Dini D. Boundary-controlled barostats for slab geometries in molecular dynamics simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:043302. [PMID: 25375618 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.043302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation barostat schemes are derived for achieving a given normal pressure for a thin liquid or solid layer confined between two parallel walls. This work builds on the boundary-controlled barostat scheme of Lupkowski and van Swol [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 737 (1990)]. Two classes of barostat are explored, one in which the external load is applied to a virtual regular lattice to which the wall atoms are bound using a tethering potential. The other type of barostat applies the external force directly to the wall atoms, which are not tethered. The extent to which the wall separation distribution is Gaussian is shown to be an effective measure of the quality of the barostat. The first class of barostat can suffer from anomalous dynamical signatures, even resonances, which are sensitive to the effective mass of the virtual lattice, whose value lacks any rigorous definition. The second type of barostat performs much better under equilibrium and wall-sliding nonequilibrium conditions and in not being so prone to resonance instabilities in the wall separation and does not require so many largely arbitrary parameters. The results of exploratory simulations which characterize the dynamical response of the model systems for both dry and wet or lubricated systems using the different barostats are presented. The barostats which have an inherent damping mechanism, such as the ones analogous to a damped harmonic oscillator, reduce the occurrence of large fluctuations and resonances in the separation between the two walls, and they also achieve a new target pressure more quickly. Near a nonequilibrium phase boundary the attributes of the barostat can have a marked influence on the observed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gattinoni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sz Maćkowiak
- Institute of Physics, Poznań University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - D M Heyes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Brańka
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - D Dini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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De Luca S, Todd BD, Hansen JS, Daivis PJ. Molecular dynamics study of nanoconfined water flow driven by rotating electric fields under realistic experimental conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3095-3109. [PMID: 24575940 DOI: 10.1021/la404805s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In our recent work, J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 138, 154712, we demonstrated the feasibility of unidirectional pumping of water, exploiting translational-rotational momentum coupling using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Flow can be sustained when the fluid is driven out of equilibrium by an external spatially uniform rotating electric field and confined between two planar surfaces exposing different degrees of hydrophobicity. The permanent dipole moment of water follows the rotating field, thus inducing the molecules to spin, and the torque exerted by the field is continuously injected into the fluid, enabling a steady conversion of spin angular momentum into linear momentum. The translational-rotational coupling is a sensitive function of the rotating electric field parameters. In this work, we have found that there exists a small energy dissipation region attainable when the frequency of the rotating electric field matches the inverse of the dielectric relaxation time of water and when its amplitude lies in a range just before dielectric saturation effects take place. In this region, that is, when the frequency lies in a small window of the microwave region around ∼20 GHz and amplitude ∼0.03 V Å(-1), the translational-rotational coupling is most effective, yielding fluid velocities of magnitudes of ∼2 ms(-1) with only moderate fluid heating. In this work, we also confine water to a realistic nanochannel made of graphene giving a hydrophobic surface on one side and β-cristobalite giving a hydrophilic surface on the other, reproducing slip-and-stick velocity boundary conditions, respectively. This enables us to demonstrate that in a realistic environment, the coupling can be effectively exploited to achieve noncontact pumping of water at the nanoscale. A quantitative comparison between nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and analytical solutions of the extended Navier-Stokes equations, including an external rotating electric field has been performed, showing excellent agreement when the electric field parameters match the aforementioned small energy dissipation region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio De Luca
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, and Centre for Molecular Simulation, Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
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