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Yang Q, Huang W, Liu X, Sami R, Fan X, Dong Q, Luo J, Tao R, Fu C. Simple, and highly efficient edge-effect surface acoustic wave atomizer. ULTRASONICS 2024; 142:107359. [PMID: 38823151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Conventional surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizers require a direct water supply on the surface, which can be complex and cumbersome. This paper presents a novel SAW atomizer that uses lateral acoustic wetting to achieve atomization without a direct water supply. The device works by simply pressing a piece of wetted paper strip against the bottom of an excited piezoelectric transducer. The liquid then flows along the side to the unmodified surface edge, where it is atomized into a well-converging mist in a stable and sustainable manner. We identified this phenomenon as the edge effect, using numerical simulation results of surface displacement mode. The feasibility of the prototype design was demonstrated by observing and investigating the integrated process of liquid extraction, transport, and atomization. We further explored the hydrodynamic principles of the change and breakup in liquid film geometry under different input powers. Experiments demonstrate that our atomizer is capable of generating high-quality fine liquid particles stably and rapidly even at very high input power. Compared to conventional SAW atomizer, the dispersion of mist width can be scaled down by 70%, while the atomization rate can be increased by 37.5%. Combined with the advantages of easy installation and robustness, the edge effect-based atomizer offers an attractive alternative to current counterparts for applications requiring high efficiency and miniaturization, such as simultaneous synthesis and encapsulation of nanoparticles, pulmonary drug delivery and portable inhalation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutong Yang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ramadan Sami
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, London, UK
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingting Luo
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Tao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Fu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Xie L, Xie D, Du Z, Xue S, Wang K, Yu X, Liu X, Peng Q, Fang C. A novel therapeutic outlook: Classification, applications and challenges of inhalable micron/nanoparticle drug delivery systems in lung cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:38. [PMID: 38391039 PMCID: PMC10901537 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents a marked global public health concern. Despite existing treatment modalities, the average 5‑year survival rate for patients with patients with lung cancer is only ~20%. As there are numerous adverse effects of systemic administration routes, there is an urgent need to develop a novel therapeutic strategy tailored specifically for patients with lung cancer. Non‑invasive aerosol inhalation, as a route of drug administration, holds unique advantages in the context of respiratory diseases. Nanoscale materials have extensive applications in the field of biomedical research in recent years. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the classification, applications summarized according to existing clinical treatment modalities for lung cancer and challenges associated with inhalable micron/nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDSs) in lung cancer. Achieving localized treatment of lung cancer preclinical models through inhalation is deemed feasible. However, further research is required to substantiate the efficacy and long‑term safety of inhalable micron/nanoparticle DDSs in the clinical management of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Daihan Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Zhefei Du
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Xue
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
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3
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McSweeney MD, Alnajjar S, Schaefer AM, Richardson Z, Wolf W, Stewart I, Sriboonyapirat P, McCallen J, Farmer E, Nzati B, Lord S, Farrer B, Moench TR, Kumar PA, Arora H, Pickles RJ, Hickey AJ, Ackermann M, Lai SK. Inhaled "Muco-Trapping" Monoclonal Antibody Effectively Treats Established Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306729. [PMID: 38225749 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in infants, the immunocompromised, and the elderly. RSV infects the airway epithelium via the apical membrane and almost exclusively sheds progeny virions back into the airway mucus (AM), making RSV difficult to target by systemically administered therapies. An inhalable "muco-trapping" variant of motavizumab (Mota-MT), a potent neutralizing mAb against RSV F is engineered. Mota-MT traps RSV in AM via polyvalent Fc-mucin bonds, reducing the fraction of fast-moving RSV particles in both fresh pediatric and adult AM by ≈20-30-fold in a Fc-glycan dependent manner, and facilitates clearance from the airways of mice within minutes. Intranasal dosing of Mota-MT eliminated viral load in cotton rats within 2 days. Daily nebulized delivery of Mota-MT to RSV-infected neonatal lambs, beginning 3 days after infection when viral load is at its maximum, led to a 10 000-fold and 100 000-fold reduction in viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues relative to placebo control, respectively. Mota-MT-treated lambs exhibited reduced bronchiolitis, neutrophil infiltration, and airway remodeling than lambs receiving placebo or intramuscular palivizumab. The findings underscore inhaled delivery of muco-trapping mAbs as a promising strategy for the treatment of RSV and other acute respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarhad Alnajjar
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Alison M Schaefer
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Whitney Wolf
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ian Stewart
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Justin McCallen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ellen Farmer
- Inhalon Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27707, USA
| | | | - Sam Lord
- Inhalon Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Brian Farrer
- Inhalon Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27707, USA
| | | | - Priya A Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Harendra Arora
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Raymond J Pickles
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Mark Ackermann
- USDA/ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Samuel K Lai
- Inhalon Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27707, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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4
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Byun J, Wu Y, Park J, Kim JS, Li Q, Choi J, Shin N, Lan M, Cai Y, Lee J, Oh YK. RNA Nanomedicine: Delivery Strategies and Applications. AAPS J 2023; 25:95. [PMID: 37784005 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of RNA using nanomaterials has emerged as a new modality to expand therapeutic applications in biomedical research. However, the delivery of RNA presents unique challenges due to its susceptibility to degradation and the requirement for efficient intracellular delivery. The integration of nanotechnologies with RNA delivery has addressed many of these challenges. In this review, we discuss different strategies employed in the design and development of nanomaterials for RNA delivery. We also highlight recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of RNA delivered via nanomaterials. Various nanomaterials, such as lipids, polymers, peptides, nucleic acids, and inorganic nanomaterials, have been utilized for delivering functional RNAs, including messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA, single guide RNA, and microRNA. Furthermore, the utilization of nanomaterials has expanded the applications of functional RNA as active pharmaceutical ingredients. For instance, the delivery of antigen-encoding mRNA using nanomaterials enables the transient expression of vaccine antigens, leading to immunogenicity and prevention against infectious diseases. Additionally, nanomaterial-mediated RNA delivery has been investigated for engineering cells to express exogenous functional proteins. Nanomaterials have also been employed for co-delivering single guide RNA and mRNA to facilitate gene editing of genetic diseases. Apart from the progress made in RNA medicine, we discuss the current challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjo Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Meng Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Nampoothiri KN, Nath A, Satpathi NS, Sen AK. Deicing of Sessile Droplets Using Surface Acoustic Waves. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3934-3941. [PMID: 36883239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deicing has significant relevance in various applications such as transportation, energy production, and telecommunication. The use of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is an attractive option for deicing as it offers several advantages such as localized heating, in situ control, low power, and system integration for highly efficient deicing. Here, we report an understanding of the dynamics of deicing of microlitre volume water droplets (1 to 30 μL) exposed to low power (0.3 W) SAW actuation using an interdigitated electrode on a piezoelectric (LiNbO3) substrate. We study the time variation of the volume of liquid water from the onset of SAW actuation to complete deicing, which takes 2.5 to 35 s depending on the droplet volume. The deicing phenomenon is attributed to acoustothermal heating which is found to be greatly influenced by the loss of ice adhesion with the substrate and the acoustic streaming within the liquid water. Acoustothermal heating inside the droplet is characterized by the temperature distribution inside the droplet using infrared thermography, and acoustic streaming is observed using dye-based optical microscopy. A rapid enhancement in deicing is observed upon the detachment of ice from the substrate and the onset of acoustic streaming, marked by a sudden increase in the liquid water volume, droplet temperature, and heat transfer coefficient. The deicing time is found to increase linearly with droplet volume as observed from experiments and further verified using a theoretical model. Our study provides an improved understanding of the recently introduced SAW-based deicing technique that may open up the avenue for a suitable alternative to standard deicing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Nampoothiri
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Chennai, Tamilnadu 601103, India
| | - A Nath
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - N S Satpathi
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - A K Sen
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
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6
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Kim J, Jozic A, Lin Y, Eygeris Y, Bloom E, Tan X, Acosta C, MacDonald KD, Welsher KD, Sahay G. Engineering Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Intracellular Delivery of mRNA through Inhalation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14792-14806. [PMID: 36038136 PMCID: PMC9939008 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite lipid nanoparticles' (LNPs) success in the effective and safe delivery of mRNA vaccines, an inhalation-based mRNA therapy for lung diseases remains challenging. LNPs tend to disintegrate due to shear stress during aerosolization, leading to ineffective delivery. Therefore, LNPs need to remain stable through the process of nebulization and mucus penetration, yet labile enough for endosomal escape. To meet these opposing needs, we utilized PEG lipid to enhance the surficial stability of LNPs with the inclusion of a cholesterol analog, β-sitosterol, to improve endosomal escape. Increased PEG concentrations in LNPs enhanced the shear resistance and mucus penetration, while β-sitosterol provided LNPs with a polyhedral shape, facilitating endosomal escape. The optimized LNPs exhibited a uniform particle distribution, a polyhedral morphology, and a rapid mucosal diffusion with enhanced gene transfection. Inhaled LNPs led to localized protein production in the mouse lung without pulmonary or systemic toxicity. Repeated administration of these LNPs led to sustained protein production in the lungs. Lastly, mRNA encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was delivered after nebulization to a CFTR-deficient animal model, resulting in the pulmonary expression of this therapeutic protein. This study demonstrated the rational design approach for clinical translation of inhalable LNP-based mRNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Antony Jozic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Elissa Bloom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Xiaochen Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christopher Acosta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Kelvin D. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin D. Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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7
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Karra N, Fernandes J, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Integrating an aerosolized drug delivery device with conventional static cultures and a dynamic airway barrier microphysiological system. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:054102. [PMID: 36118260 PMCID: PMC9473724 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organ on a chip or microphysiological systems (MPSs) aim to resolve current challenges surrounding drug discovery and development resulting from an unrepresentative static cell culture or animal models that are traditionally used by generating a more physiologically relevant environment. Many different airway MPSs have been developed that mimic alveolar or bronchial interfaces, but few methods for aerosol drug delivery at the air-liquid interface exist. This work demonstrates a compact Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) drug delivery device that generates an aerosol of respirable size for delivery of compounds directly onto polarized or differentiated epithelial cell cultures within an airway barrier MPS and conventional static inserts. As proof of principle, the SAW drug delivery device was used to nebulize viral dsRNA analog poly I:C and steroids fluticasone and dexamethasone without disrupting their biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Fernandes
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hywel Morgan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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8
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Cortez-Jugo C, Masoumi S, Chan PPY, Friend J, Yeo L. Nebulization of siRNA for inhalation therapy based on a microfluidic surface acoustic wave platform. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106088. [PMID: 35797825 PMCID: PMC9263997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The local delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNA or siRNA to the lungs has the potential to improve the prognosis for patients suffering debilitating lung diseases. Recent advances in materials science have been aimed at addressing delivery challenges including biodistribution, bioavailability and cell internalization, but an equally important challenge to overcome is the development of an inhalation device that can deliver the siRNA effectively to the lung, without degrading the therapeutic itself. Here, we report the nebulization of siRNA, either naked siRNA or complexed with polyethyleneimine (PEI) or a commercial transfection agent, using a miniaturizable acoustomicrofluidic nebulization device. The siRNA solution could be nebulised without significant degradation into an aerosol mist with tunable mean aerodynamic diameters of approximately 3 µm, which is appropriate for deep lung deposition via inhalation. The nebulized siRNA was tested for its stability, as well as its toxicity and gene silencing properties using the mammalian lung carcinoma cell line A549, which demonstrated that the gene silencing capability of siRNA is retained after nebulization. This highlights the potential application of the acoustomicrofluidic device for the delivery of efficacious siRNA via inhalation, either for systemic delivery via the alveolar epithelium or local therapeutic delivery to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cortez-Jugo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Sarah Masoumi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Peggy P Y Chan
- School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - James Friend
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Leslie Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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Li Y, Cai S, Shen H, Chen Y, Ge Z, Yang W. Recent advances in acoustic microfluidics and its exemplary applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:031502. [PMID: 35712527 PMCID: PMC9197543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-based microfluidics has been widely used in recent years for fundamental research due to its simple device design, biocompatibility, and contactless operation. In this article, the basic theory, typical devices, and technical applications of acoustic microfluidics technology are summarized. First, the theory of acoustic microfluidics is introduced from the classification of acoustic waves, acoustic radiation force, and streaming flow. Then, various applications of acoustic microfluidics including sorting, mixing, atomization, trapping, patterning, and acoustothermal heating are reviewed. Finally, the development trends of acoustic microfluidics in the future were summarized and looked forward to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Honglin Shen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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10
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Wang X, Xie Z, Zhao J, Zhu Z, Yang C, Liu Y. Prospects of Inhaled Phage Therapy for Combatting Pulmonary Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:758392. [PMID: 34938668 PMCID: PMC8685529 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.758392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With respiratory infections accounting for significant morbidity and mortality, the issue of antibiotic resistance has added to the gravity of the situation. Treatment of pulmonary infections (bacterial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis-associated bacterial infections, tuberculosis) is more challenging with the involvement of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, which act as etiological agents. Furthermore, with the dearth of new antibiotics available and old antibiotics losing efficacy, it is prudent to switch to non-antibiotic approaches to fight this battle. Phage therapy represents one such approach that has proven effective against a range of bacterial pathogens including drug resistant strains. Inhaled phage therapy encompasses the use of stable phage preparations given via aerosol delivery. This therapy can be used as an adjunct treatment option in both prophylactic and therapeutic modes. In the present review, we first highlight the role and action of phages against pulmonary pathogens, followed by delineating the different methods of delivery of inhaled phage therapy with evidence of success. The review aims to focus on recent advances and developments in improving the final success and outcome of pulmonary phage therapy. It details the use of electrospray for targeted delivery, advances in nebulization techniques, individualized controlled inhalation with software control, and liposome-encapsulated nebulized phages to take pulmonary phage delivery to the next level. The review expands knowledge on the pulmonary delivery of phages and the advances that have been made for improved outcomes in the treatment of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Zuozhou Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhong Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
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11
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Daly S, O’Sullivan A, MacLoughlin R. Cellular Immunotherapy and the Lung. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1018. [PMID: 34579255 PMCID: PMC8473388 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The new era of cellular immunotherapies has provided state-of-the-art and efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Cellular immunotherapies are at the forefront of innovative medical care, including adoptive T cell therapies, cancer vaccines, NK cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The focus of this review is on cellular immunotherapies and their application in the lung, as respiratory diseases remain one of the main causes of death worldwide. The ongoing global pandemic has shed a new light on respiratory viruses, with a key area of concern being how to combat and control their infections. The focus of cellular immunotherapies has largely been on treating cancer and has had major successes in the past few years. However, recent preclinical and clinical studies using these immunotherapies for respiratory viral infections demonstrate promising potential. Therefore, in this review we explore the use of multiple cellular immunotherapies in treating viral respiratory infections, along with investigating several routes of administration with an emphasis on inhaled immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorcha Daly
- College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Andrew O’Sullivan
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland;
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Novel formulations and drug delivery systems to administer biological solids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:183-210. [PMID: 33705873 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in formulation sciences have expanded the previously limited design space for biological modalities, including peptide, protein, and vaccine products. At the same time, the discovery and application of new modalities, such as cellular therapies and gene therapies, have presented formidable challenges to formulation scientists. We explore these challenges and highlight the opportunities to overcome them through the development of novel formulations and drug delivery systems as biological solids. We review the current progress in both industry and academic laboratories, and we provide expert perspectives in those settings. Formulation scientists have made a tremendous effort to accommodate the needs of these novel delivery routes. These include stability-preserving formulations and dehydration processes as well as dosing regimes and dosage forms that improve patient compliance.
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13
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Huang A, Connacher W, Stambaugh M, Zhang N, Zhang S, Mei J, Jain A, Alluri S, Leung V, Rajapaksa AE, Friend J. Practical microcircuits for handheld acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1352-1363. [PMID: 33565534 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics has promised to enable lab-on-a-chip and point-of-care devices in ways difficult to achieve using other methods. Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers-as small as the chips they actuate-provide rapid fluid and suspended object transport. Acoustofluidic lab-on-chip devices offer a vast range of benefits in early disease identification and noninvasive drug delivery. However, their potential has long been undermined by the need for benchtop or rack-mount electronics. The piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers within require these equipment and thus acoustofluidic device implementation in a bedside setting has been limited. Here we detail a general process to enable the reader to produce battery or mains-powered microcircuits ideal for driving 1-300 MHz acoustic devices. We include the general design strategy for the circuit, the blocks that collectively define it, and suitable, specific choices for components to produce these blocks. We furthermore illustrate how to incorporate automated resonance finding and tracking, sensing and feedback, and built-in adjustability to accommodate devices' vastly different operating frequencies and powers in a single driver, including examples of fluid and particle manipulation typical of the needs in our discipline. With this in hand, the many groups active in lab-on-a-chip acoustofluidics can now finally deliver on the promise of handheld, point-of-care technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. http://friend.ucsd.edu
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14
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Chow MYT, Chang RYK, Chan HK. Inhalation delivery technology for genome-editing of respiratory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:217-228. [PMID: 32512029 PMCID: PMC7274121 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has significant therapeutic potentials for lung congenital diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as other pulmonary disorders like lung cancer and obstructive diseases. Local administration of CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics through inhalation can achieve high drug concentration and minimise systemic exposure. While the field is advancing with better understanding on the biological functions achieved by CRISPR/Cas9 systems, the lack of progress in inhalation formulation and delivery of the molecule may impede their clinical translation efficiently. This forward-looking review discussed the current status of formulations and delivery for inhalation of relevant biologics such as genes (plasmids and mRNAs) and proteins, emphasising on their design strategies and preparation methods. By adapting and optimising formulation strategies used for genes and proteins, we envisage that development of inhalable CRISPR/Cas9 liquid or powder formulations for inhalation administration can potentially be fast-tracked in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y T Chow
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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15
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Learning from past failures: Challenges with monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19. J Control Release 2020; 329:87-95. [PMID: 33276017 PMCID: PMC7836766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, requires urgent development of therapeutic interventions. Due to their safety, specificity, and potential for rapid advancement into the clinic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a highly promising class of antiviral or anti-inflammatory agents. Herein, by analyzing prior efforts to advance antiviral mAbs for other acute respiratory infections (ARIs), we highlight the challenges faced by mAb-based immunotherapies for COVID-19. We present evidence supporting early intervention immediately following a positive diagnosis via inhaled delivery of mAbs with vibrating mesh nebulizers as a promising approach for the treatment of COVID-19.
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16
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Mallik AK, Mukherjee S, Panchagnula MV. An experimental study of respiratory aerosol transport in phantom lung bronchioles. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2020; 32:111903. [PMID: 33244213 PMCID: PMC7684681 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The transport and deposition of micrometer-sized particles in the lung is the primary mechanism for the spread of aerosol borne diseases such as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Considering the current situation, modeling the transport and deposition of drops in human lung bronchioles is of utmost importance to determine their consequences on human health. The current study reports experimental observations on deposition in micro-capillaries, representing distal lung bronchioles, over a wide range of Re that imitates the particle dynamics in the entire lung. The experiment investigated deposition in tubes of diameter ranging from 0.3 mm to 2 mm and over a wide range of Reynolds number (10-2 ⩽ Re ⩽ 103). The range of the tube diameter and Re used in this study is motivated by the dimensions of lung airways and typical breathing flow rates. The aerosol fluid was loaded with boron doped carbon quantum dots as fluorophores. An aerosol plume was generated from this mixture fluid using an ultrasonic nebulizer, producing droplets with 6.5 µm as a mean diameter and over a narrow distribution of sizes. The amount of aerosol deposited on the tube walls was measured using a spectrofluorometer. The experimental results show that dimensionless deposition (δ) varies inversely with the bronchiole aspect ratio (L ¯ ), with the effect of the Reynolds number (Re) being significant only at lowL ¯ . δ also increased with increasing dimensionless bronchiole diameter (D ¯ ), but it is invariant with the particle size based Reynolds number. We show that δ L ¯ ∼ R e - 2 for 10-2 ⩽ Re ⩽ 1, which is typical of a diffusion dominated regime. For Re ⩾ 1, in the impaction dominated regime, δ L ¯ is shown to be independent of Re. We also show a crossover regime where sedimentation becomes important. The experimental results conclude that lower breathing frequency and higher breath hold time could significantly increase the chances of getting infected with COVID-19 in crowded places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kumar Mallik
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Soumalya Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Mahesh V. Panchagnula
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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17
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Matthews AA, Ee PLR, Ge R. Developing inhaled protein therapeutics for lung diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:11. [PMID: 34765995 PMCID: PMC7595758 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic therapeutics such as protein/polypeptide drugs are conventionally administered systemically via intravenous injection for the treatment of diseases including lung diseases, although this approach leads to low target site accumulation and the potential risk for systemic side effects. In comparison, topical delivery of protein drugs to the lung via inhalation is deemed to be a more effective approach for lung diseases, as proteins would directly reach the target in the lung while exhibiting poor diffusion into the systemic circulation, leading to higher lung drug retention and efficacy while minimising toxicity to other organs. This review examines the important considerations and challenges in designing an inhaled protein therapeutics for local lung delivery: the choice of inhalation device, structural changes affecting drug deposition in diseased lungs, clearance mechanisms affecting an inhaled protein drug’s lung accumulation, protein stability, and immunogenicity. Possible approaches to overcoming these issues will also be discussed.
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18
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Airway Delivery of Anti-influenza Monoclonal Antibodies Results in Enhanced Antiviral Activities and Enables Broad-Coverage Combination Therapies. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00052-20. [PMID: 32847855 PMCID: PMC7592225 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00052-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza causes widespread illness in humans and can result in morbidity and death, especially in the very young and elderly populations. Because influenza vaccination can be poorly effective some years, and the immune systems of the most susceptible populations are often compromised, passive immunization treatments using broadly neutralizing antibodies is a promising therapeutic approach. However, large amounts of a single antibody are required for effectiveness when delivered through systemic administration (typically intravenous infusion), precluding the feasible dosing of antibody combinations via this route. The significance of our research is the demonstration that effective therapeutic treatments of multiple relevant influenza types (H1N1, H3N2, and B) can be achieved by airway administration of a single combination of relatively small amounts of three anti-influenza antibodies. This advance exploits the discovery that airway delivery is a more potent way of administering anti-influenza antibodies compared to systemic delivery, making this a feasible and cost-effective therapeutic approach. Effective and reliable anti-influenza treatments are acutely needed and passive immunizations using broadly neutralizing anti-influenza monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) are a promising emerging approach. Because influenza infections are initiated in and localized to the pulmonary tract, and newly formed viral particles egress from the apical side of the lung epithelium, we compared the effectiveness of hemagglutinin (HA) stalk-binding bNAbs administered through the airway (intranasal or via nebulization) versus the systemic route (intraperitoneal or intravenous). Airway deliveries of various bNAbs were 10- to 50-fold more effective than systemic deliveries of the same bNAbs in treating H1N1, H3N2, B/Victoria-, and B/Yamagata-lineage influenza viral infections in mouse models. The potency of airway-delivered anti-HA bNAbs was highly dependent on antiviral neutralization activity, with little dependence on the effector function of the antibody. In contrast, the effectiveness of systemically delivered anti-HA bNAbs was not dependent on antiviral neutralization, but critically dependent on antibody effector functions. Concurrent administration of a neutralizing/effector function-positive bNAb via the airway and systemic routes showed increased effectiveness. The small amount of airway-delivered bNAbs needed for effective influenza treatment creates the opportunity to combine potent bNAbs with different anti-influenza specificities to generate a cost-effective antiviral therapy that provides broad coverage against all circulating influenza strains infecting humans. A 3 mg/kg dose of the novel triple antibody combination CF-404 (i.e., 1 mg/kg of each component bNAb) delivered to the airway was shown to effectively prevent weight loss and death in mice challenged with ten 50% lethal dose (LD50) inoculums of either H1N1, H3N2, B/Victoria-lineage, or B/Yamagata-lineage influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Influenza causes widespread illness in humans and can result in morbidity and death, especially in the very young and elderly populations. Because influenza vaccination can be poorly effective some years, and the immune systems of the most susceptible populations are often compromised, passive immunization treatments using broadly neutralizing antibodies is a promising therapeutic approach. However, large amounts of a single antibody are required for effectiveness when delivered through systemic administration (typically intravenous infusion), precluding the feasible dosing of antibody combinations via this route. The significance of our research is the demonstration that effective therapeutic treatments of multiple relevant influenza types (H1N1, H3N2, and B) can be achieved by airway administration of a single combination of relatively small amounts of three anti-influenza antibodies. This advance exploits the discovery that airway delivery is a more potent way of administering anti-influenza antibodies compared to systemic delivery, making this a feasible and cost-effective therapeutic approach.
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19
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Rajapaksa AE, Do LAH, Suryawijaya Ong D, Sourial M, Veysey D, Beare R, Hughes W, Yang W, Bischof RJ, McDonnell A, Eu P, Yeo LY, Licciardi PV, Mulholland EK. Pulmonary Deposition of Radionucleotide-Labeled Palivizumab: Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1291. [PMID: 32973520 PMCID: PMC7466567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Current prevention and/or treatment options for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are limited as no vaccine is available. Prophylaxis with palivizumab is very expensive and requires multiple intramuscular injections over the RSV season. Here we present proof-of-concept data using nebulized palivizumab delivery as a promising new approach for the prevention or treatment of severe RSV infections, documenting both aerosol characteristics and pulmonary deposition patterns in the lungs of lambs. Design Prospective animal study. Setting Biosecurity Control Level 2-designated large animal research facility at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. Subjects Four weaned Border-Leicester/Suffolk lambs at 5 months of age. Interventions Four lambs were administered aerosolized palivizumab conjugated to Tc-99m, under gaseous anesthesia, using either the commercially available AeroNeb Go® or the investigational HYDRA device, placed in-line with the inspiratory limb of a breathing circuit. Lambs were scanned in a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scanner in the supine position during the administration procedure. Measurements and Main Results Both the HYDRA and AeroNeb Go® produced palivizumab aerosols in the 1–5 µm range with similar median (geometric standard deviation and range) aerosol droplet diameters for the HYDRA device (1.84 ± 1.40 μm, range = 0.54–5.41μm) and the AeroNeb Go® (3.07 ± 1.56 μm, range = 0.86–10 μm). Aerosolized palivizumab was delivered to the lungs at 88.79–94.13% of the total aerosolized amount for all lambs, with a small proportion localized to either the trachea or stomach. No difference between devices were found. Pulmonary deposition ranged from 6.57 to 9.25% of the total dose of palivizumab loaded in the devices, mostly in the central right lung. Conclusions Aerosolized palivizumab deposition patterns were similar in all lambs, suggesting a promising approach in the control of severe RSV lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushi E Rajapaksa
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Neonatal Research, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren Suryawijaya Ong
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdy Sourial
- Animal Model Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Duncan Veysey
- Nuclear Imaging, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William Hughes
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William Yang
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Bischof
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Amarin McDonnell
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Eu
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward K Mulholland
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Neonatal Research, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Disease Control, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Bodier-Montagutelli E, Respaud R, Perret G, Baptista L, Duquenne P, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Vecellio L. Protein stability during nebulization: Mind the collection step! Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Wong KS, Lim WTH, Ooi CW, Yeo LY, Tan MK. In situ generation of plasma-activated aerosols via surface acoustic wave nebulization for portable spray-based surface bacterial inactivation. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1856-1868. [PMID: 32342089 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of reactive species in plasma-activated water is known to induce oxidative stresses in bacterial species, which can result in their inactivation. By integrating a microfludic chipscale nebulizer driven by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) with a low-temperature atmospheric plasma source, we demonstrate an efficient technique for in situ production and application of plasma-activated aerosols for surface disinfection. Unlike bulk conventional systems wherein the water is separately batch-treated within a container, we show in this work the first demonstration of continuous plasma-treatment of water as it is transported through a paper strip from a reservoir onto the chipscale SAW device. The significantly larger surface area to volume ratio of the water within the paper strip leads to a significant reduction in the duration of the plasma-treatment, while maintaining the concentration of the reactive species. The subsequent nebulization of the plasma-activated water by the SAW then allows the generation of plasma-activated aerosols, which can be directly sprayed onto the contaminated surface, therefore eliminating the storage of the plasma-activated water and hence circumventing the typical limitation in conventional systems wherein the concentration of the reactive species diminishes over time during storage, resulting in a reduction in the efficacy of bacterial inactivation. In particular, we show up to 96% reduction in Escherichia coli colonies through direct spraying with the plasma-activated aerosols. This novel, low-cost, portable and energy-efficient hybrid system necessitates only minimal maintenance as it only requires the supply of tap water and battery power for operation, and is thus suitable for decontamination in home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiing S Wong
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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22
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McCarthy SD, González HE, Higgins BD. Future Trends in Nebulized Therapies for Pulmonary Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E37. [PMID: 32397615 PMCID: PMC7354528 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol therapy is a key modality for drug delivery to the lungs of respiratory disease patients. Aerosol therapy improves therapeutic effects by directly targeting diseased lung regions for rapid onset of action, requiring smaller doses than oral or intravenous delivery and minimizing systemic side effects. In order to optimize treatment of critically ill patients, the efficacy of aerosol therapy depends on lung morphology, breathing patterns, aerosol droplet characteristics, disease, mechanical ventilation, pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacodynamics of cell-drug interactions. While aerosol characteristics are influenced by drug formulations and device mechanisms, most other factors are reliant on individual patient variables. This has led to increased efforts towards more personalized therapeutic approaches to optimize pulmonary drug delivery and improve selection of effective drug types for individual patients. Vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMN) are the dominant device in clinical trials involving mechanical ventilation and emerging drugs. In this review, we consider the use of VMN during mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. We aim to link VMN fundamentals to applications in mechanically ventilated patients and look to the future use of VMN in emerging personalized therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D. McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.D.M.); (H.E.G.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Héctor E. González
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.D.M.); (H.E.G.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brendan D. Higgins
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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23
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Marqus S, Lee L, Istivan T, Kyung Chang RY, Dekiwadia C, Chan HK, Yeo LY. High frequency acoustic nebulization for pulmonary delivery of antibiotic alternatives against Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 151:181-188. [PMID: 32315699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria has warranted the search for new antimicrobial agents as existing antibiotics lose their potency. Among these, bacteriophage therapy, as well as the administration of specific bacteriolysis agents, i.e., lytic enzymes, have emerged as attractive alternatives. Nebulizers offer the possibility for delivering these therapeutics directly to the lung, which is particularly advantageous as a non-invasive and direct route to treat bacterial lung infections. Nevertheless, nebulizers can often result in significant degradation of the bacteriophage or protein, both structurally and functionally, due to the large stresses the aerosolization process imposes on these entities. In this work, we assess the capability of a novel low-cost and portable hybrid surface and bulk acoustic wave platform (HYDRA) to nebulize a Myoviridae bacteriophage (phage K) and lytic enzyme (lysostaphin) that specifically targets Staphylococcus aureus. Besides its efficiency in producing phage or protein-laden aerosols within the 1-5 μm respirable range for optimum delivery to the lower respiratory tract where lung infections commonly take place, we observe that the HYDRA platform-owing to the efficiency of driving the aerosolization process at relatively low powers and high frequencies (approximately 10 MHz)-does not result in appreciable denaturation of the phages or proteins, such that the loss of antimicrobial activity following nebulization is minimized. Specifically, a low (0.1 log10 (pfu/ml)) titer loss was obtained with the phages, resulting in a high viable respirable fraction of approximately 90%. Similarly, minimal loss of antimicrobial activity was obtained with lysostaphin upon nebulization wherein its minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 μg/ml) remained unaltered as compared with the non-nebulized control. These results therefore demonstrate the potential of the HYDRA nebulization platform as a promising strategy for pulmonary administration of alternative antimicrobial agents to antibiotics for the treatment of lung diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Marqus
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Taghrid Istivan
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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24
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In vivo deposition study of a new generation nebuliser utilising hybrid resonant acoustic (HYDRA) technology. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Cazzola M, Cavalli F, Usmani OS, Rogliani P. Advances in pulmonary drug delivery devices for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:635-646. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1739021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Omar S. Usmani
- Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, UK
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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26
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Rezk AR, Ahmed H, Ramesan S, Yeo LY. High Frequency Sonoprocessing: A New Field of Cavitation-Free Acoustic Materials Synthesis, Processing, and Manipulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001983. [PMID: 33437572 PMCID: PMC7788597 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound constitutes a powerful means for materials processing. Similarly, a new field has emerged demonstrating the possibility for harnessing sound energy sources at considerably higher frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz) compared to conventional ultrasound (⩽3 MHz) for synthesizing and manipulating a variety of bulk, nanoscale, and biological materials. At these frequencies and the typical acoustic intensities employed, cavitation-which underpins most sonochemical or, more broadly, ultrasound-mediated processes-is largely absent, suggesting that altogether fundamentally different mechanisms are at play. Examples include the crystallization of novel morphologies or highly oriented structures; exfoliation of 2D quantum dots and nanosheets; polymer nanoparticle synthesis and encapsulation; and the possibility for manipulating the bandgap of 2D semiconducting materials or the lipid structure that makes up the cell membrane, the latter resulting in the ability to enhance intracellular molecular uptake. These fascinating examples reveal how the highly nonlinear electromechanical coupling associated with such high-frequency surface vibration gives rise to a variety of static and dynamic charge generation and transfer effects, in addition to molecular ordering, polarization, and assembly-remarkably, given the vast dimensional separation between the acoustic wavelength and characteristic molecular length scales, or between the MHz-order excitation frequencies and typical THz-order molecular vibration frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
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Abstract
Cellular analysis is a central concept for both biology and medicine. Over the past two decades, acoustofluidic technologies, which marry acoustic waves with microfluidics, have significantly contributed to the development of innovative approaches for cellular analysis. Acoustofluidic technologies enable precise manipulations of cells and the fluids that confine them, and these capabilities have been utilized in many cell analysis applications. In this review article, we examine various applications where acoustofluidic methods have been implemented, including cell imaging, cell mechanotyping, circulating tumor cell phenotyping, sample preparation in clinics, and investigation of cell-cell interactions and cell-environment responses. We also provide our perspectives on the technological advantages, limitations, and potential future directions for this innovative field of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Lin CK, Hsiao YY, Nath P, Huang JH. Aerosol delivery into small anatomical airway model through spontaneous engineered breathing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:044109. [PMID: 31406554 PMCID: PMC6685788 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary administration is a noninvasive drug delivery method that, in contrast to systemic administration, reduces drug dosage and possible side effects. Numerous testing models, such as impingers and impactors, have previously been developed to evaluate the fate of inhaled drugs. However, such models are limited by the lack of information regarding several factors, such as pulmonary morphology and breathing motion, which are required to fully interpret actual inhaled-drug deposition profiles within the human respiratory tract. In this study, a spontaneous breathing-lung model that integrates branched morphology and deformable alveolar features was constructed using a multilayered fabrication technology to mimic the complex environment of the human lower respiratory tract. The developed model could emulate cyclic and spontaneous breathing motions to inhale and exhale aerosols generated by a nebulizer under diseaselike conditions. Results of this research demonstrate that aerosols (4.2 μm) could reach up to the deeper lung regions (generation 19 of the branched lung structure) within the obstructivelike model, whereas lesser penetration (generation 17) was observed when using the restrictivelike model. The proposed breathing-lung model can serve as a testing platform to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacokinetics of pulmonary drugs within the lower lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pulak Nath
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jen-Huang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Topical application of nebulized human IgG, IgA and IgAM in the lungs of rats and non-human primates. Respir Res 2019; 20:99. [PMID: 31118031 PMCID: PMC6532128 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent and persistent infections are known to affect airways of patients with Primary Immunodeficiency despite appropriate replacement immunoglobulin serum levels. Interestingly, patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or with non-CF bronchiectasis also show similar susceptibility to such infections. This may be due to the limited availability of immunoglobulins from the systemic circulation in the conductive airways, resulting in local immunodeficiency. Topical application of nebulized plasma-derived immunoglobulins may represent a means to address this deficiency. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of nebulizing plasma-derived immunoglobulins and delivering them into the airways of rats and non-human primates. Methods Distinct human plasma-derived immunoglobulin isotype preparations were nebulized with an investigational eFlow® nebulizer and analyzed in vitro or deposited into animals. Biochemical and immunohistological analysis of nebulized immunoglobulins were then performed. Lastly, efficacy of topically applied human plasma-derived immunoglobulins was assessed in an acute Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infection in mice. Results Characteristics of the resulting aerosols were comparable between preparations, even when using solutions with elevated viscosity. Neither the structural integrity nor the biological function of nebulized immunoglobulins were compromised by the nebulization process. In animal studies, immunoglobulins levels were assessed in plasma, broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) and on lung sections of rats and non-human primates in samples collected up to 72 h following application. Nebulized immunoglobulins were detectable over 48 h in the BAL samples and up to 72 h on lung sections. Immunoglobulins recovered from BAL fluid up to 24 h after inhalation remained structurally and functionally intact. Importantly, topical application of human plasma-derived immunoglobulin G into the airways of mice offered significant protection against acute pneumococcal pneumonia. Conclusion Taken together our data demonstrate the feasibility of topically applying plasma-derived immunoglobulins into the lungs using a nebulized liquid formulation. Moreover, topically administered human plasma-derived immunoglobulins prevented acute respiratory infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1057-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sesen M, Fakhfouri A, Neild A. Coalescence of Surfactant-Stabilized Adjacent Droplets Using Surface Acoustic Waves. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7538-7545. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhsincan Sesen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Armaghan Fakhfouri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Faghihi H, Najafabadi AR, Daman Z, Ghasemian E, Montazeri H, Vatanara A. Respiratory Administration of Infliximab Dry Powder for Local Suppression of Inflammation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:128. [PMID: 30809740 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The airways are verified as a relevant route to improve antibody therapeutic index with superior lung concentration but limited passage into systemic blood stream. The current research aimed to process spray-dried (SD) powder of Infliximab to assess the feasibility of respiratory delivery of antibody for local suppression of lung-secreted tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Molecular and structural stability of powders were determined through size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Particle properties were characterized by laser light scattering, twin stage impinger (TSI), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro biological activity was quantified applying L-929 cell line. Ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged balb/c mice were employed to evaluate the anti-TNFα activity of antibody formulation as in vivo experimental model. SD sample consisting of 36 mg trehalose, 12 mg cysteine, and 0.05% of Tween 20 was selected with minimum aggregation/fragmentation rate constants of 0.07 and 0.05 (1/month) based on 1 and 2 months of storage at 40°C and relative humidity of 75%. Fine particle fraction (FPF) value of this formulation was 67.75% with desired particle size and surface morphology for respiratory delivery. EC50 was 8.176 and 6.733 ng/ml for SD Infliximab and Remicade®, respectively. SD antibody reduced TNFα (26.56 pg/ml) secretion in mouse lung tissue, more than 2 orders of magnitudes comparing positive control group (TNFα, 68.34 pg/ml). The success of antibody inhalation mainly depended on the spray drying condition, formulation components, and stability of antibody within aerosolization. Inhaled Infliximab could be a potential drug for local inhibition of lung inflammation.
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are immunoglobulins designed to target a specific epitope on an antigen. Immunoglobulins of identical amino-acid sequence were originally produced by hybridomas grown in culture and, subsequently, by recombinant DNA technology using mammalian cell expression systems. The antigen-binding region of the mAb is formed by the variable domains of the heavy and light chains and contains the complementarity-determining region that imparts the high specificity for the target antigen. The pharmacokinetics of mAbs involves target-mediated and non-target-related factors that influence their disposition.Preclinical safety evaluation of mAbs differs substantially from that of small molecular (chemical) entities. Immunogenicity of mAbs has implications for their pharmacokinetics and safety. Early studies of mAbs in humans require careful consideration of the most suitable study population, route/s of administration, starting dose, study design and the potential difference in pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects compared to patients expressing the target antigen.Of the ever-increasing diversity of therapeutic indications for mAbs, we have concentrated on two that have proved dramatically successful. The contribution that mAbs have made to the treatment of inflammatory conditions, in particular arthritides and inflammatory bowel disease, has been nothing short of revolutionary. Their benefit has also been striking in the treatment of solid tumours and, most recently, as immunotherapy for a wide variety of cancers. Finally, we speculate on the future with various new approaches to the development of therapeutic antibodies.
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Mohammadian M, Pourmehran O. CFPD simulation of magnetic drug delivery to a human lung using an SAW nebulizer. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 18:547-562. [PMID: 30506148 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is an impressive topic that attracted the attention of many scientists in various scientific communities. Magnetic drug targeting is one of the targeted drug delivery techniques, which uses the magnetic field to externally control the magnetic drug particles. In this study, we aim to assess the magnetic drug delivery to the human respiratory system using a new aerosolization technique driven by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) into a realistic lung model geometrically reconstructed using computed tomography scan images. To achieve this aim, a simulation study using computational fluid-particle dynamics considering the Lagrangian approach for particle tracking is carried out. An external magnetic field was applied to govern the Magnetit (Fe3O4) particles as the magnetic drug career. The drug particles were assumed to be spherical and inert. The effects of magnetic field intensity, magnetic source position, and SAW injection position were examined for a light breathing condition (Q = 15 L/min). Given the realistic geometry of the respiratory system and its complexity, the airflow patterns vary as it penetrates deeper into the lung and experiences many irregularities, and bending deflections exist in the airways model. High-inertia particles tend to deposit at locations where the geometry experiences a significant reduction in cross section. Our results show that the magnetic field highly affects the particle deposition efficiency for fourfold. However, the magnet and SAW injection positions have a low impact on the deposition efficiency of drug particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohammadian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kordkuy Center, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kordkuy, Iran.
| | - O Pourmehran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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34
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Nanotechnology Enabled Inhalation of Bio-therapeutics for Pulmonary Diseases: Design Considerations and Challenges. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. High frequency acoustic permeabilisation of drugs through tissue for localised mucosal delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3272-3284. [PMID: 30225496 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The majority of infectious diseases enter the body through mucosal membranes that line the ocular, nasal, oral, vaginal and rectal surfaces. As infections can be effectively prevented by instigating a local immune response in the immunocyte-rich regions of the mucosa, an efficacious route of vaccine administration is to directly target their delivery to these surfaces. It is nevertheless challenging to provide sufficient driving force to penetrate both the mucus lining as well as the epithelial barrier of the mucosal surfaces, which are designed to effectively keep foreign entities out, but not excessively such that the therapeutic agent penetrates deeper into the vascularised submucosal regions where they are mostly taken up by the systemic circulation, thus resulting in a far weaker immune response. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility of controllably localising and hence maximising the delivery of both small and large molecule model therapeutic agents in the mucosa of a porcine buccal model using high frequency acoustics. Unlike their low (kHz order) frequency bulk ultrasonic counterpart, these high frequency (>10 MHz) surface waves do not generate cavitation, which leads to large molecular penetration depths beyond the 100 μm order thick mucosal layer, and which has been known to cause considerable cellular/tissue damage and hence scarring. Through system parameters such as the acoustic irradiation frequency, power and exposure duration, we show that it is possible to tune the penetration depth such that over 95% of the delivered drug are localised within the mucosal layer, whilst preserving their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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36
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Connacher W, Zhang N, Huang A, Mei J, Zhang S, Gopesh T, Friend J. Micro/nano acoustofluidics: materials, phenomena, design, devices, and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1952-1996. [PMID: 29922774 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic actuation of fluids at small scales may finally enable a comprehensive lab-on-a-chip revolution in microfluidics, overcoming long-standing difficulties in fluid and particle manipulation on-chip. In this comprehensive review, we examine the fundamentals of piezoelectricity, piezoelectric materials, and transducers; revisit the basics of acoustofluidics; and give the reader a detailed look at recent technological advances and current scientific discussions in the discipline. Recent achievements are placed in the context of classic reports for the actuation of fluid and particles via acoustic waves, both within sessile drops and closed channels. Other aspects of micro/nano acoustofluidics are examined: atomization, translation, mixing, jetting, and particle manipulation in the context of sessile drops and fluid mixing and pumping, particle manipulation, and formation of droplets in the context of closed channels, plus the most recent results at the nanoscale. These achievements will enable applications across the disciplines of chemistry, biology, medicine, energy, manufacturing, and we suspect a number of others yet unimagined. Basic design concepts and illustrative applications are highlighted in each section, with an emphasis on lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Connacher
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA.
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37
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Nguyen EP, Lee L, Rezk AR, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Yeo LY. Hybrid Surface and Bulk Resonant Acoustics for Concurrent Actuation and Sensing on a Single Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5335-5342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Nguyen
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry Group, School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry Group, School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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38
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Inhalable particulate drug delivery systems for lung cancer therapy: Nanoparticles, microparticles, nanocomposites and nanoaggregates. J Control Release 2018; 269:374-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ahmed H, Destgeer G, Park J, Jung JH, Ahmad R, Park K, Sung HJ. A Pumpless Acoustofluidic Platform for Size-Selective Concentration and Separation of Microparticles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13575-13581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husnain Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwangseok Park
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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40
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Yousefi M, Pourmehran O, Gorji-Bandpy M, Inthavong K, Yeo L, Tu J. CFD simulation of aerosol delivery to a human lung via surface acoustic wave nebulization. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:2035-2050. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Go DB, Atashbar MZ, Ramshani Z, Chang HC. Surface acoustic wave devices for chemical sensing and microfluidics: A review and perspective. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2017; 9:4112-4134. [PMID: 29151901 PMCID: PMC5685524 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay00690j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs), are electro-mechanical waves that form on the surface of piezoelectric crystals. Because they are easy to construct and operate, SAW devices have proven to be versatile and powerful platforms for either direct chemical sensing or for upstream microfluidic processing and sample preparation. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of SAW devices for chemical sensing and analysis. The use of SAW techniques for chemical detection in both gaseous and liquid media is discussed, as well as recent fabrication advances that are pointing the way for the next generation of SAW sensors. Similarly, applications and progress in using SAW devices as microfluidic platforms are covered, ranging from atomization and mixing to new approaches to lysing and cell adhesion studies. Finally, potential new directions and perspectives on the field as it moves forward are offered, with a specific focus on potential strategies for making SAW technologies for bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Go
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Masood Z. Atashbar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Zeinab Ramshani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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42
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Samuel CS, Royce SG, Hewitson TD, Denton KM, Cooney TE, Bennett RG. Anti-fibrotic actions of relaxin. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:962-976. [PMID: 27250825 PMCID: PMC5406285 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the hardening or scarring of tissues that usually results from aberrant wound healing in response to organ injury, and its manifestations in various organs have collectively been estimated to contribute to around 45-50% of deaths in the Western world. Despite this, there is currently no effective cure for the tissue structural and functional damage induced by fibrosis-related disorders. Relaxin meets several criteria of an effective anti-fibrotic based on its specific ability to inhibit pro-fibrotic cytokine and/or growth factor-mediated, but not normal/unstimulated, fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix production. Furthermore, relaxin augments matrix degradation through its ability to up-regulate the release and activation of various matrix-degrading matrix metalloproteinases and/or being able to down-regulate tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase activity. Relaxin can also indirectly suppress fibrosis through its other well-known (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypertrophic, anti-apoptotic, angiogenic, wound healing and vasodilator) properties. This review will outline the organ-specific and general anti-fibrotic significance of exogenously administered relaxin and its mechanisms of action that have been documented in various non-reproductive organs such as the cardiovascular system, kidney, lung, liver, skin and tendons. In addition, it will outline the influence of sex on relaxin's anti-fibrotic actions, highlighting its potential as an emerging anti-fibrotic therapeutic. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - S G Royce
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - T D Hewitson
- Department of NephrologyRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - K M Denton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of PhysiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - T E Cooney
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre (UPMC) HamotEriePAUSA
| | - R G Bennett
- Research Service 151VA Nebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNEUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
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Khalid N, Kobayashi I, Nakajima M. Recent lab-on-chip developments for novel drug discovery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Management and Technology; Lahore Pakistan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Waurn Ponds Australia
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
- Food Research Institute; NARO; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
- Food Research Institute; NARO; Tsukuba Japan
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44
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Destgeer G, Jung JH, Park J, Ahmed H, Sung HJ. Particle Separation inside a Sessile Droplet with Variable Contact Angle Using Surface Acoustic Waves. Anal Chem 2016; 89:736-744. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Fakhfouri A, Devendran C, Collins DJ, Ai Y, Neild A. Virtual membrane for filtration of particles using surface acoustic waves (SAW). LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3515-3523. [PMID: 27458086 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00590j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) based particle manipulation is contactless, versatile, non-invasive and biocompatible making it useful for biological studies and diagnostic technologies. In this work, we present a sensitive particle sorting system, termed the virtual membrane, in which a periodic acoustic field with a wavelength on the order of particle dimensions permits size-selective filtration. Polystyrene particles that are larger than approximately 0.3 times the acoustic half-wavelength experience a force repelling them from the acoustic field. If the particle size is such that, at a given acoustic power and flow velocity, this repulsive force is dominant over the drag force, these particles will be prohibited from progressing further downstream (i.e. filtered), while smaller particles will be able to pass through the force field along the pressure nodes (akin to a filter's pores). Using this mechanism, we demonstrate high size selectivity using a standing SAW generated by opposing sets of focused interdigital transducers (FIDTs). The use of FIDTs permits the generation of a highly localized standing wave field, here used for filtration in μl min(-1) order flow rates at 10s of mW of applied power. Specifically, we demonstrate the filtration of 8 μm particles from 5 μm particles and 10.36 μm particles from 7.0 μm and 5.0 μm particles, using high frequency SAW at 258 MHz, 192.5 MHz, and 129.5 MHz, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Fakhfouri
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Collins DJ, Ma Z, Ai Y. Highly Localized Acoustic Streaming and Size-Selective Submicrometer Particle Concentration Using High Frequency Microscale Focused Acoustic Fields. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5513-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Collins
- Pillar of Engineering Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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Destgeer G, Ha B, Park J, Sung HJ. Lamb Wave-Based Acoustic Radiation Force-Driven Particle Ring Formation Inside a Sessile Droplet. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3976-81. [PMID: 26937678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an acoustofluidic device using Lamb waves (LWs) to manipulate polystyrene (PS) microparticles suspended in a sessile droplet of water. The LW-based acoustofluidic platform used in this study is advantageous in that the device is actuated over a range of frequencies without changing the device structure or electrode pattern. In addition, the device is simple to operate and cheap to fabricate. The LWs, produced on a piezoelectric substrate, attenuate inside the fluid and create acoustic streaming flow (ASF) in the form of a poloidal flow with toroidal vortices. The PS particles experience direct acoustic radiation force (ARF) in addition to being influenced by the ASF, which drive the concentration of particles to form a ring. This phenomenon was previously attributed to the ASF alone, but the present experimental results confirm that the ARF plays an important role in forming the particle ring, which would not be possible in the presence of only the ASF. We used a range of actuation frequencies (45-280 MHz), PS particle diameters (1-10 μm), and droplet volumes (5, 7.5, and 10 μL) to experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Byunghang Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Alhasan L, Qi A, Rezk AR, Yeo LY, Chan PPY. Assessment of the potential of a high frequency acoustomicrofluidic nebulisation platform for inhaled stem cell therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:12-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of a novel high frequency acoustic nebulisation platform as an effective aerosolisation technique for inhaled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alhasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Biological Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
| | - Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Peggy P. Y. Chan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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Microfluidic Organ/Body-on-a-Chip Devices at the Convergence of Biology and Microengineering. SENSORS 2015; 15:31142-70. [PMID: 26690442 PMCID: PMC4721768 DOI: 10.3390/s151229848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical technologies are mostly related to the convergence of biology with microengineering. For instance, microfluidic devices are now commonly found in most research centers, clinics and hospitals, contributing to more accurate studies and therapies as powerful tools for drug delivery, monitoring of specific analytes, and medical diagnostics. Most remarkably, integration of cellularized constructs within microengineered platforms has enabled the recapitulation of the physiological and pathological conditions of complex tissues and organs. The so-called “organ-on-a-chip” technology, which represents a new avenue in the field of advanced in vitro models, with the potential to revolutionize current approaches to drug screening and toxicology studies. This review aims to highlight recent advances of microfluidic-based devices towards a body-on-a-chip concept, exploring their technology and broad applications in the biomedical field.
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McDonnell AG, Jason NN, Yeo LY, Friend JR, Cheng W, Prabhakar R. Extensional viscosity of copper nanowire suspensions in an aqueous polymer solution. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8076-8082. [PMID: 26333170 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01940k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Suspensions of copper nanowires are emerging as new electronic inks for next-generation flexible electronics. Using a novel surface acoustic wave driven extensional flow technique we are able to perform currently lacking analysis of these suspensions and their complex buffer. We observe extensional viscosities from 3 mPa s (1 mPa s shear viscosity) to 37.2 Pa s via changes in the suspension concentration, thus capturing low viscosities that have been historically very challenging to measure. These changes equate to an increase in the relative extensional viscosity of nearly 12,200 times at a volume fraction of just 0.027. We also find that interactions between the wires and the necessary polymer additive affect the rheology strongly. Polymer-induced elasticity shows a reduction as the buffer relaxation time falls from 819 to 59 μs above a critical particle concentration. The results and technique presented here should aid in the future formulation of these promising nanowire suspensions and their efficient application as inks and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarin G McDonnell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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