1
|
Başağaoğlu H, Succi S, Wyrick D, Blount J. Particle Shape Influences Settling and Sorting Behavior in Microfluidic Domains. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8583. [PMID: 29872129 PMCID: PMC5988840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new numerical model to simulate settling trajectories of discretized individual or a mixture of particles of different geometrical shapes in a quiescent fluid and their flow trajectories in a flowing fluid. Simulations unveiled diverse particle settling trajectories as a function of their geometrical shape and density. The effects of the surface concavity of a boomerang particle and aspect ratio of a rectangular particle on the periodicity and amplitude of oscillations in their settling trajectories were numerically captured. Use of surrogate circular particles for settling or flowing of a mixture of non-circular particles were shown to miscalculate particle velocities by a factor of 0.9–2.2 and inaccurately determine the particles’ trajectories. In a microfluidic chamber with particles of different shapes and sizes, simulations showed that steady vortices do not necessarily always control particle entrapments, nor do larger particles get selectively and consistently entrapped in steady vortices. Strikingly, a change in the shape of large particles from circular to elliptical resulted in stronger entrapments of smaller circular particles, but enhanced outflows of larger particles, which could be an alternative microfluidics-based method for sorting and separation of particles of different sizes and shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Başağaoğlu
- Mechanical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78238, USA.
| | - Sauro Succi
- Istituto Applicazioni del Calcolo, via dei taurini 19, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Danielle Wyrick
- Space Science Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78238, USA
| | - Justin Blount
- Defense Intelligence Solutions Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78238, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hadjighasem A, Farazmand M, Blazevski D, Froyland G, Haller G. A critical comparison of Lagrangian methods for coherent structure detection. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:053104. [PMID: 28576102 DOI: 10.1063/1.4982720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review and test twelve different approaches to the detection of finite-time coherent material structures in two-dimensional, temporally aperiodic flows. We consider both mathematical methods and diagnostic scalar fields, comparing their performance on three benchmark examples: the quasiperiodically forced Bickley jet, a two-dimensional turbulence simulation, and an observational wind velocity field from Jupiter's atmosphere. A close inspection of the results reveals that the various methods often produce very different predictions for coherent structures, once they are evaluated beyond heuristic visual assessment. As we find by passive advection of the coherent set candidates, false positives and negatives can be produced even by some of the mathematically justified methods due to the ineffectiveness of their underlying coherence principles in certain flow configurations. We summarize the inferred strengths and weaknesses of each method, and make general recommendations for minimal self-consistency requirements that any Lagrangian coherence detection technique should satisfy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hadjighasem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad Farazmand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Blazevski
- Insight Data Science, 45W 25th St., New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Gary Froyland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - George Haller
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chi Q, Shan J, Ding X, Yin T, Wang Y, Jia D, Wang G. Smart mechanosensing machineries enable migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis-relevant 3D matrices. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:586-598. [PMID: 28328100 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
At the early stage of atherosclerosis, neointima is formed due to the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the intima. VSMCs are surrounded by highly adhesive 3D matrices. They take specific strategies to cross various 3D matrices in the media, including heterogeneous collagen and mechanically strong basement membrane. Migration of VSMCs is potentially caused by biomechanical mechanism. Most in vitro studies focus on cell migration on 2D substrates in response to biochemical factors. How the cells move through 3D matrices under the action of mechanosensing machineries remains unexplored. In this review, we propose that several interesting tension-dependent machineries act as "tractor"-posterior myosin II accumulation, and "wrecker"-anterior podosome maintaining, to power VSMCs ahead. VSMCs embedded in 3D matrices may accumulate a minor myosin II isoform, myosin IIB, at the cell rear. Anisotropic myosin IIB distribution creates cell rear, polarizes cell body, pushes the nucleus and reshapes the cell body, and cooperates with a uniformly distributed myosin IIA to propel the cell forward. On the other hand, matrix digestion by podosome further promote the migration when the matrix becomes denser. Actomyosin tension activates Src to induce podosome in soft 3D matrices and retain the podosome integrity to steadily digest the matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Chi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jieling Shan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaorong Ding
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oettinger D, Blazevski D, Haller G. Global variational approach to elliptic transport barriers in three dimensions. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:033114. [PMID: 27036192 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an approach to identify elliptic transport barriers in three-dimensional, time-aperiodic flows. Obtained as Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs), the barriers are tubular non-filamenting surfaces that form and bound coherent material vortices. This extends a previous theory of elliptic LCSs as uniformly stretching material surfaces from two-dimensional to three-dimensional flows. Specifically, we obtain explicit expressions for the normals of pointwise (near-) uniformly stretching material surfaces over a finite time interval. We use this approach to visualize elliptic LCSs in steady and time-aperiodic ABC-type flows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Oettinger
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Blazevski
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Haller
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peacock T, Froyland G, Haller G. Introduction to Focus Issue: Objective Detection of Coherent Structures. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:087201. [PMID: 26328571 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Peacock
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 20139, USA
| | - G Froyland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - G Haller
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|