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Carthew J, Taylor JBJ, Garcia-Cruz MR, Kiaie N, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ, Frith JE. The Bumpy Road to Stem Cell Therapies: Rational Design of Surface Topographies to Dictate Stem Cell Mechanotransduction and Fate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23066-23101. [PMID: 35192344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to a variety of physical cues from their surrounding microenvironment, and these are interpreted through mechanotransductive processes to inform their behavior. These mechanisms have particular relevance to stem cells, where control of stem cell proliferation, potency, and differentiation is key to their successful application in regenerative medicine. It is increasingly recognized that surface micro- and nanotopographies influence stem cell behavior and may represent a powerful tool with which to direct the morphology and fate of stem cells. Current progress toward this goal has been driven by combined advances in fabrication technologies and cell biology. Here, the capacity to generate precisely defined micro- and nanoscale topographies has facilitated the studies that provide knowledge of the mechanotransducive processes that govern the cellular response as well as knowledge of the specific features that can drive cells toward a defined differentiation outcome. However, the path forward is not fully defined, and the "bumpy road" that lays ahead must be crossed before the full potential of these approaches can be fully exploited. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities in applying micro- and nanotopographies to dictate stem cell fate for regenerative medicine. Here, key techniques used to produce topographic features are reviewed, such as photolithography, block copolymer lithography, electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, colloidal lithography, electrospinning, and surface roughening, alongside their advantages and disadvantages. The biological impacts of surface topographies are then discussed, including the current understanding of the mechanotransductive mechanisms by which these cues are interpreted by the cells, as well as the specific effects of surface topographies on cell differentiation and fate. Finally, considerations in translating these technologies and their future prospects are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carthew
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason B J Taylor
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maria R Garcia-Cruz
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Xue W, Shi W, Kong Y, Kuss M, Duan B. Anisotropic scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4141-4160. [PMID: 33997498 PMCID: PMC8099454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of long-gap (>10 mm) peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a continuous challenge due to limited native tissue regeneration capabilities. The current clinical strategy of using autografts for PNI suffers from a source shortage, while the pharmacological treatment for SCI presents dissatisfactory results. Tissue engineering, as an alternative, is a promising approach for regenerating peripheral nerves and spinal cords. Through providing a beneficial environment, a scaffold is the primary element in tissue engineering. In particular, scaffolds with anisotropic structures resembling the native extracellular matrix (ECM) can effectively guide neural outgrowth and reconnection. In this review, the anatomy of peripheral nerves and spinal cords, as well as current clinical treatments for PNI and SCI, is first summarized. An overview of the critical components in peripheral nerve and spinal cord tissue engineering and the current status of regeneration approaches are also discussed. Recent advances in the fabrication of anisotropic surface patterns, aligned fibrous substrates, and 3D hydrogel scaffolds, as well as their in vitro and in vivo effects are highlighted. Finally, we summarize potential mechanisms underlying the anisotropic architectures in orienting axonal and glial cell growth, along with their challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Guttenplan APM, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller RK, Habibović P. Chips for Biomaterials and Biomaterials for Chips: Recent Advances at the Interface between Microfabrication and Biomaterials Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100371. [PMID: 34033239 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of microfabrication techniques has allowed biomaterials studies which were originally carried out at larger length scales to be miniaturized as so-called "on-chip" experiments. These miniaturized experiments have a range of advantages which have led to an increase in their popularity. A range of biomaterial shapes and compositions are synthesized or manufactured on chip. Moreover, chips are developed to investigate specific aspects of interactions between biomaterials and biological systems. Finally, biomaterials are used in microfabricated devices to replicate the physiological microenvironment in studies using so-called "organ-on-chip," "tissue-on-chip" or "disease-on-chip" models, which can reduce the use of animal models with their inherent high cost and ethical issues, and due to the possible use of human cells can increase the translation of research from lab to clinic. This review gives an overview of recent developments at the interface between microfabrication and biomaterials science, and indicates potential future directions that the field may take. In particular, a trend toward increased scale and automation is apparent, allowing both industrial production of micron-scale biomaterials and high-throughput screening of the interaction of diverse materials libraries with cells and bioengineered tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. M. Guttenplan
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Roman K. Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
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Ramos-Rodriguez DH, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F, Asencio IO. The Use of Microfabrication Techniques for the Design and Manufacture of Artificial Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tissue Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:50. [PMID: 33922428 PMCID: PMC8146165 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recapitulation of the stem cell microenvironment is an emerging area of research that has grown significantly in the last 10 to 15 years. Being able to understand the underlying mechanisms that relate stem cell behavior to the physical environment in which stem cells reside is currently a challenge that many groups are trying to unravel. Several approaches have attempted to mimic the biological components that constitute the native stem cell niche, however, this is a very intricate environment and, although promising advances have been made recently, it becomes clear that new strategies need to be explored to ensure a better understanding of the stem cell niche behavior. The second strand in stem cell niche research focuses on the use of manufacturing techniques to build simple but functional models; these models aim to mimic the physical features of the niche environment which have also been demonstrated to play a big role in directing cell responses. This second strand has involved a more engineering approach in which a wide set of microfabrication techniques have been explored in detail. This review aims to summarize the use of these microfabrication techniques and how they have approached the challenge of mimicking the native stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Ramos-Rodriguez
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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Liu T, Zhang W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun F, Cai L. Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate- N-Isopropyl Acrylamide). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071584. [PMID: 32708740 PMCID: PMC7407111 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bamboo is a natural and renewable building material but its application has been limited due to the low dimensional stability and poor durability against mold. In this study, monomers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) were impregnated in bamboo to facilitate the in situ growth of poly-HEMA and NIPAM (PHN) copolymer. Prior to that, the effects of different reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of HEMA to NIPAM and their concentrations, the amount of initiator (ammonium persulfate, APS) and crosslinking agents (N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and glutaric dialdehyde (GA)) on the swelling capacity of PHN were optimized. The formation of PHN was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which shows the characteristics peaks of both HEMA and NIPAM, and increased pyrolysis and glass transition temperatures, respectively. After impregnation of PHN pre-polymerization formulation to bamboo, it was observed that PHN filled most of the pits in the bamboo cell wall and formed a tight network. Moreover, the dimensional stability of PHN treated bamboo was significantly improved with an anti-swelling efficiency of 49.4% and 41.7%, respectively, after wetting–drying and soaking–drying cycles. A mold infection rate of 13.5% was observed in PHN-treated bamboo as compared to a 100% infected control group after a 30-day mold resistance test. Combined results indicate that in situ polymerization of HEMA and NIPAM in bamboo is a promising method to develop exterior used bamboo products with enhanced dimensional stability and mold resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsong Liu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Fangli Sun
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-6106-2375 (F.S.); +01-208-885-8638 (L.C.)
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-6106-2375 (F.S.); +01-208-885-8638 (L.C.)
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6
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Moghadas H, Saidi MS, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT. A high-performance polydimethylsiloxane electrospun membrane for cell culture in lab-on-a-chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:024117. [PMID: 29713396 PMCID: PMC5897122 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Thin porous membranes are important components in a microfluidic device, serving as separators, filters, and scaffolds for cell culture. However, the fabrication and the integration of these membranes possess many challenges, which restrict their widespread applications. This paper reports a facile technique to fabricate robust membrane-embedded microfluidic devices. We integrated an electrospun membrane into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device using the simple plasma-activated bonding technique. To increase the flexibility of the membrane and to address the leakage problem, the electrospun membrane was fabricated with the highest weight ratio of PDMS to polymethylmethacrylate (i.e., 6:1 w/w). The membrane-integrated microfluidic device could withstand a flow rate of up to 50 μl/min. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that such a compartmentalized microfluidic platform could be successfully used for cell culture with the capability of providing a more realistic in vivo-like condition. Human lung cancer epithelial cells (A549) were seeded on the membrane from the top microchannel, while the continuous flow of the culture medium through the bottom microchannel provided a shear-free cell culture condition. The tortuous micro-/nanofibers of the membrane immobilized the cells within the hydrophobic micropores and with no need of extracellular matrix for cell adhesion and cell growth. The hydrophobic surface conditions of the membrane were suitable for anchorage-independent cell types. To further extend the application of the device, we qualitatively showed that rinsing the membrane with ethanol prior to cell seeding could temporarily render the membrane hydrophilic and the platform could also be used for anchorage-dependent cells. Due to the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the membranes, three different configurations were observed, including individual single cells, monolayer cells, and 3D cell clusters. This cost-effective and robust compartmentalized microfluidic device may open up new avenues in translational medicine and pharmacodynamics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Moghadas
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Said Saidi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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7
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Kung FH, Sillitti D, Shreiber DI, Zahn JD, Firestein BL. Microfluidic device-assisted etching of p-HEMA for cell or protein patterning. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:243-248. [PMID: 29086494 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The construction of biomaterials with which to limit the growth of cells or to limit the adsorption of proteins is essential for understanding biological phenomena. Here, we describe a novel method to simply and easily create thin layers of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p-HEMA) for protein and cellular patterning via etching with ethanol and microfluidic devices. First, a cell culture surface or glass coverslip is coated with p-HEMA. Next, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic is placed onto the p-HEMA surface, and ethanol is aspirated through the device. The PDMS device is removed, and the p-HEMA surface is ready for protein adsorption or cell plating. This method allows for the fabrication of 0.3 µm thin layers of p-HEMA, which can be etched to 10 µm wide channels. Furthermore, it creates regions of differential protein adhesion, as shown by Coomassie staining and fluorescent labeling, and cell adhesion, as demonstrated by C2C12 myoblast growth. This method is simple, versatile, and allows biologists and bioengineers to manipulate regions for cell culture adhesion and growth. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:243-248, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Kung
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
| | - David Sillitti
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
| | - David I Shreiber
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854.,Graduate Faculty in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
| | - Jeffrey D Zahn
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854.,Graduate Faculty in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854.,Graduate Faculty in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
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Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao F, Hun T, Li S, Wang Y, Sun W, Wang W, Sun Y, Fan Y. Regulation of cell arrangement using a novel composite micropattern. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3093-3101. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoping Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Hun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; Beijing 100871 China
- Innovation Center for Micro-Nano-electronics and Integrated System; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids; Beijing 100176 People's Republic of China
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Controlling Cell Functions and Fate with Surfaces and Hydrogels: The Role of Material Features in Cell Adhesion and Signal Transduction. Gels 2016; 2:gels2010012. [PMID: 30674144 PMCID: PMC6318664 DOI: 10.3390/gels2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In their natural environment, cells are constantly exposed to a cohort of biochemical and biophysical signals that govern their functions and fate. Therefore, materials for biomedical applications, either in vivo or in vitro, should provide a replica of the complex patterns of biological signals. Thus, the development of a novel class of biomaterials requires, on the one side, the understanding of the dynamic interactions occurring at the interface of cells and materials; on the other, it requires the development of technologies able to integrate multiple signals precisely organized in time and space. A large body of studies aimed at investigating the mechanisms underpinning cell-material interactions is mostly based on 2D systems. While these have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the recognition of and reaction to material stimuli, they lack the ability to capture central features of the natural cellular environment, such as dimensionality, remodelling and degradability. In this work, we review the fundamental traits of material signal sensing and cell response. We then present relevant technologies and materials that enable fabricating systems able to control various aspects of cell behavior, and we highlight potential differences that arise from 2D and 3D settings.
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