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Huisman KH, Heinisch JBMY, Thijssen JM. CISS effect: Magnetocurrent-voltage characteristics with Coulomb interactions. II. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887768. [PMID: 37130070 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the manifestations of chirality-induced spin selectivity is the appearance of a magnetocurrent. Magnetocurrent is defined as the difference between the charge currents at finite bias in a two terminal device for opposite magnetizations of one of the leads. In experiments on chiral molecules assembled in monolayers the magnetocurrent is dominantly odd in bias voltage, while theory often yields an even one. From theory it is known that the spin-orbit coupling and chirality of the molecule can only generate a finite magnetocurrent in the presence of interactions, either of the electrons with vibrational modes or among themselves, through the Coulomb interaction. Here we analytically show that the magnetocurrent in bipartite-chiral structures mediated through Coulomb interactions is exactly even in the wide band limit and exactly odd for semi-infinite leads due to the bipartite lattice symmetry of the Green's function. Our numerical results confirm these analytical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Huisman
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J B M Y Heinisch
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J M Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Huisman KH, Heinisch JBMY, Thijssen JM. Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) Effect: Magnetocurrent-Voltage Characteristics with Coulomb Interactions I. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:6900-6905. [PMID: 37081995 PMCID: PMC10108364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the manifestations of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is the appearance of a magnetocurrent. Magnetocurrent is the observation that the charge currents at finite bias in a two terminal device for opposite magnetizations of one of the leads differ. Magnetocurrents can only occur in the presence of interactions of the electrons either with vibrational modes or among themselves through the Coulomb interaction. In experiments on chiral molecules assembled in monolayers, the magnetocurrent seems to be dominantly cubic (odd) in bias voltage while theory finds a dominantly even bias voltage dependence. Thus far, theoretical work has predicted a magnetocurrent which is even bias. Here we analyze the bias voltage dependence of the magnetocurrent numerically and analytically involving the spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions (through the Hartree-Fock and Hubbard One approximations). For both approximations it is found that for strong Coulomb interactions the magnetocurrent is dominantly odd in bias voltage, confirming the symmetry observed in experiment.
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3
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Zwick P, Dulić D, van der Zant HSJ, Mayor M. Porphyrins as building blocks for single-molecule devices. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15500-15525. [PMID: 34558586 PMCID: PMC8485416 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of single-molecule electrical transparency by break junction experiments has become a major field of research over the two last decades. This review specifically and comprehensively highlights the use of porphyrins as molecular components and discusses their potential use for the construction of future devices. Throughout the review, the features provided by porphyrins, such as low level misalignments and very low attenuation factors, are shown with numerous examples, illustrating the potential and limitations of these molecular junctions, as well as differences emerging from applied integration/investigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Zwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Dulić
- Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Avenida Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago 8330015, Chile
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), 510275 Guangzhou, China
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Ivie JA, Bamberger ND, Parida KN, Shepard S, Dyer D, Saraiva-Souza A, Himmelhuber R, McGrath DV, Smeu M, Monti OLA. Correlated Energy-Level Alignment Effects Determine Substituent-Tuned Single-Molecule Conductance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4267-4277. [PMID: 33438990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of single-molecule electrical components requires a deep and predictive understanding of structure-function relationships. Here, we explore the relationship between chemical substituents and the conductance of metal-single-molecule-metal junctions, using functionalized oligophenylenevinylenes as a model system. Using a combination of mechanically controlled break-junction experiments and various levels of theory including non-equilibrium Green's functions, we demonstrate that the connection between gas-phase molecular electronic structure and in-junction molecular conductance is complicated by the involvement of multiple mutually correlated and opposing effects that contribute to energy-level alignment in the junction. We propose that these opposing correlations represent powerful new "design principles" because their physical origins make them broadly applicable, and they are capable of predicting the direction and relative magnitude of observed conductance trends. In particular, we show that they are consistent with the observed conductance variability not just within our own experimental results but also within disparate molecular series reported in the literature and, crucially, with the trend in variability across these molecular series, which previous simple models fail to explain. The design principles introduced here can therefore aid in both screening and suggesting novel design strategies for maximizing conductance tunability in single-molecule systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Ivie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nathan D Bamberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Keshaba N Parida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Stuart Shepard
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University-SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Dylan Dyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Aldilene Saraiva-Souza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Massachusetts 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Roland Himmelhuber
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Manuel Smeu
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University-SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Oliver L A Monti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, 1118 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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6
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Gupta NK, Schultz T, Karuppannan SK, Vilan A, Koch N, Nijhuis CA. The energy level alignment of the ferrocene-EGaIn interface studied with photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13458-13467. [PMID: 34095913 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The energy level alignment after the formation of a molecular tunnel junction is often poorly understood because spectroscopy inside junctions is not possible, which hampers the rational design of functional molecular junctions and complicates the interpretation of the data generated by molecular junctions. In molecular junction platforms where the top electrode-molecule interaction is weak; one may argue that the energy level alignment can be deduced from measurements with the molecules supported by the bottom electrode (sometimes referred to as "half junctions"). This approach, however, still relies on a series of assumptions, which are challenging to address experimentally due to difficulties in studying the molecule-top electrode interaction. Herein, we describe top electrode-molecule junctions with a liquid metal alloy top electrode of EGaIn (which stands for eutectic alloy of Ga and In) interacting with well-characterised ferrocene (Fc) moieties. We deposited a ferrocene derivative on films of EGaIn, coated with its native GaOx layer, and studied the energy level alignment with photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results reveal that the electronic interaction between the Fc and GaOx/EGaIn is very weak, resembling physisorption. Therefore, investigations of "half junctions" for this system can provide valuable information regarding the energy level alignment of complete EGaIn junctions. Our results help to improve our understanding of the energy landscape in weakly coupled molecular junctions and aid to the rational design of molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Kumar Gupta
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Schultz
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Senthil Kumar Karuppannan
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayelet Vilan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore and Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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7
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Perrin ML, Eelkema R, Thijssen J, Grozema FC, van der Zant HSJ. Single-molecule functionality in electronic components based on orbital resonances. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12849-12866. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A gateable single-molecule diode and resonant tunneling diode are realized using molecular orbital engineering in multi-site molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael L. Perrin
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628 CJ Delft
- The Netherlands
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Jos Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628 CJ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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Celis Gil JA, Thijssen JM. Transport gap renormalization at a metal-molecule interface using DFT-NEGF and spin unrestricted calculations. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:084102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4999469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Celis Gil
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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Olavarria-Contreras IJ, Perrin ML, Chen Z, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, van der Zant HSJ. C-Au Covalently Bonded Molecular Junctions Using Nonprotected Alkynyl Anchoring Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8465-9. [PMID: 27266477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on an approach to realize carbon-gold (C-Au) bonded molecular junctions without the need for an additive to deprotect the alkynyl carbon as endstanding anchor group. Using the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique, we determine the most probable conductance value of a family of alkynyl terminated oligophenylenes (OPA(n)) connected to gold electrodes through such an akynyl moiety in ambient conditions. The molecules bind to the gold leads through an sp-hybridized carbon atom at each side. Comparing our results with other families of molecules that present organometallic C-Au bonds, we conclude that the conductance of molecules contacted via an sp-hybridized carbon atom is lower than the ones using sp(3) hybridization due to strong differences in the coupling of the conducting orbitals with the gold leads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Chen
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,IPCMS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue de Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
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Garrigues AR, Yuan L, Wang L, Singh S, del Barco E, Nijhuis CA. Temperature dependent charge transport across tunnel junctions of single-molecules and self-assembled monolayers: a comparative study. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17153-17159. [PMID: 27775126 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a comparative study of the temperature behavior of charge current in both single-molecule transistors and self-assembled monolayer-based tunnel junctions with ferrocene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Lejia Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | | | | | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials
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