1
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Wiesinger M, Stuhlmann F, Bohman M, Micke P, Will C, Yildiz H, Abbass F, Arndt BP, Devlin JA, Erlewein S, Fleck M, Jäger JI, Latacz BM, Schweitzer D, Umbrazunas G, Wursten E, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Mooser A, Quint W, Soter A, Walz J, Smorra C, Ulmer S. Trap-integrated fluorescence detection with silicon photomultipliers for sympathetic laser cooling in a cryogenic Penning trap. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:123202. [PMID: 38109470 DOI: 10.1063/5.0170629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a fluorescence-detection system for laser-cooled 9Be+ ions based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) operated at 4 K and integrated into our cryogenic 1.9 T multi-Penning-trap system. Our approach enables fluorescence detection in a hermetically sealed cryogenic Penning-trap chamber with limited optical access, where state-of-the-art detection using a telescope and photomultipliers at room temperature would be extremely difficult. We characterize the properties of the SiPM in a cryocooler at 4 K, where we measure a dark count rate below 1 s-1 and a detection efficiency of 2.5(3)%. We further discuss the design of our cryogenic fluorescence-detection trap and analyze the performance of our detection system by fluorescence spectroscopy of 9Be+ ion clouds during several runs of our sympathetic laser-cooling experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Stuhlmann
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bohman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Yildiz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - B P Arndt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J A Devlin
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Erlewein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Fleck
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - J I Jäger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B M Latacz
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Schweitzer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Umbrazunas
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Soter
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Smorra
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Smorra C, Abbass F, Schweitzer D, Bohman M, Devine JD, Dutheil Y, Hobl A, Arndt B, Bauer BB, Devlin JA, Erlewein S, Fleck M, Jäger JI, Latacz BM, Micke P, Schiffelholz M, Umbrazunas G, Wiesinger M, Will C, Wursten E, Yildiz H, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Mooser A, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Soter A, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. BASE-STEP: A transportable antiproton reservoir for fundamental interaction studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:113201. [PMID: 37972020 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the world's only source of low-energy antiprotons is the AD/ELENA facility located at CERN. To date, all precision measurements on single antiprotons have been conducted at this facility and provide stringent tests of fundamental interactions and their symmetries. However, magnetic field fluctuations from the facility operation limit the precision of upcoming measurements. To overcome this limitation, we have designed the transportable antiproton trap system BASE-STEP to relocate antiprotons to laboratories with a calm magnetic environment. We anticipate that the transportable antiproton trap will facilitate enhanced tests of charge, parity, and time-reversal invariance with antiprotons and provide new experimental possibilities of using transported antiprotons and other accelerator-produced exotic ions. We present here the technical design of the transportable trap system. This includes the transportable superconducting magnet, the cryogenic inlay consisting of the trap stack and detection systems, and the differential pumping section to suppress the residual gas flow into the cryogenic trap chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Smorra
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
| | - F Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - D Schweitzer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bohman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - A Hobl
- Bilfinger Noell GmbH, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Arndt
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B B Bauer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
| | - J A Devlin
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Erlewein
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fleck
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
| | - J I Jäger
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B M Latacz
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schiffelholz
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Umbrazunas
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
- Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Wursten
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Yildiz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Soter
- Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Japan
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3
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Latacz BM, Arndt BP, Bauer BB, Devlin JA, Erlewein SR, Fleck M, Jäger JI, Schiffelholz M, Umbrazunas G, Wursten EJ, Abbass F, Micke P, Popper D, Wiesinger M, Will C, Yildiz H, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Mooser A, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Soter A, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Smorra C, Ulmer S. BASE-high-precision comparisons of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. D, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2023; 77:94. [PMID: 37288385 PMCID: PMC10241734 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The BASE collaboration at the antiproton decelerator/ELENA facility of CERN compares the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons with ultra-high precision. Using advanced Penning trap systems, we have measured the proton and antiproton magnetic moments with fractional uncertainties of 300 parts in a trillion (p.p.t.) and 1.5 parts in a billion (p.p.b.), respectively. The combined measurements improve the resolution of the previous best test in that sector by more than a factor of 3000. Very recently, we have compared the antiproton/proton charge-to-mass ratios with a fractional precision of 16 p.p.t., which improved the previous best measurement by a factor of 4.3. These results allowed us also to perform a differential matter/antimatter clock comparison test to limits better than 3 %. Our measurements enable us to set limits on 22 coefficients of CPT- and Lorentz-violating standard model extensions (SME) and to search for potentially asymmetric interactions between antimatter and dark matter. In this article, we review some of the recent achievements and outline recent progress towards a planned improved measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment with an at least tenfold improved fractional accuracy. Graphic Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Latacz
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. P. Arndt
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B. B. Bauer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. A. Devlin
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - S. R. Erlewein
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Fleck
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-0041 Japan
| | - J. I. Jäger
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Schiffelholz
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Umbrazunas
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. J. Wursten
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - F. Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P. Micke
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Popper
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Yildiz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y. Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-0041 Japan
| | - A. Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W. Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Soter
- Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y. Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - C. Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Völksen F, Devlin JA, Borchert MJ, Erlewein SR, Fleck M, Jäger JI, Latacz BM, Micke P, Nuschke P, Umbrazunas G, Wursten EJ, Abbass F, Bohman MA, Popper D, Wiesinger M, Will C, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Mooser A, Ospelkaus C, Smorra C, Soter A, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. A high-Q superconducting toroidal medium frequency detection system with a capacitively adjustable frequency range >180 kHz. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093303. [PMID: 36182508 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe a newly developed polytetrafluoroethylene/copper capacitor driven by a cryogenic piezoelectric slip-stick stage and demonstrate with the chosen layout cryogenic capacitance tuning of ≈60 pF at ≈10 pF background capacitance. Connected to a highly sensitive superconducting toroidal LC circuit, we demonstrate tuning of the resonant frequency between 345 and 685 kHz, at quality factors Q > 100 000. Connected to a cryogenic ultra low noise amplifier, a frequency tuning range between 520 and 710 kHz is reached, while quality factors Q > 86 000 are achieved. This new device can be used as a versatile image current detector in high-precision Penning-trap experiments or as an LC-circuit-based haloscope detector to search for the conversion of axion-like dark matter to radio-frequency photons. This new development increases the sensitive detection bandwidth of our axion haloscope by a factor of ≈1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Völksen
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J A Devlin
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M J Borchert
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S R Erlewein
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Fleck
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J I Jäger
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B M Latacz
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P Micke
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P Nuschke
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Umbrazunas
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - E J Wursten
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - F Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M A Bohman
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Popper
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Soter
- Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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5
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Borchert MJ, Devlin JA, Erlewein SR, Fleck M, Harrington JA, Higuchi T, Latacz BM, Voelksen F, Wursten EJ, Abbass F, Bohman MA, Mooser AH, Popper D, Wiesinger M, Will C, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Smorra C, Ulmer S. A 16-parts-per-trillion measurement of the antiproton-to-proton charge-mass ratio. Nature 2022; 601:53-57. [PMID: 34987217 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The standard model of particle physics is both incredibly successful and glaringly incomplete. Among the questions left open is the striking imbalance of matter and antimatter in the observable universe1, which inspires experiments to compare the fundamental properties of matter/antimatter conjugates with high precision2-5. Our experiments deal with direct investigations of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons, performing spectroscopy in advanced cryogenic Penning trap systems6. For instance, we previously compared the proton/antiproton magnetic moments with 1.5 parts per billion fractional precision7,8, which improved upon previous best measurements9 by a factor of greater than 3,000. Here we report on a new comparison of the proton/antiproton charge-to-mass ratios with a fractional uncertainty of 16 parts per trillion. Our result is based on the combination of four independent long-term studies, recorded in a total time span of 1.5 years. We use different measurement methods and experimental set-ups incorporating different systematic effects. The final result, [Formula: see text], is consistent with the fundamental charge-parity-time reversal invariance, and improves the precision of our previous best measurement6 by a factor of 4.3. The measurement tests the standard model at an energy scale of 1.96 × 10-27 gigaelectronvolts (confidence level 0.68), and improves ten coefficients of the standard model extension10. Our cyclotron clock study also constrains hypothetical interactions mediating violations of the clock weak equivalence principle (WEPcc) for antimatter to less than 1.8 × 10-7, and enables the first differential test of the WEPcc using antiprotons11. From this interpretation we constrain the differential WEPcc-violating coefficient to less than 0.030.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Borchert
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J A Devlin
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - S R Erlewein
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Fleck
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J A Harrington
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Higuchi
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B M Latacz
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - F Voelksen
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E J Wursten
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - M A Bohman
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Popper
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wiesinger
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Yamazaki
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - C Smorra
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Ulmer
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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6
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Bohman M, Grunhofer V, Smorra C, Wiesinger M, Will C, Borchert MJ, Devlin JA, Erlewein S, Fleck M, Gavranovic S, Harrington J, Latacz B, Mooser A, Popper D, Wursten E, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Walz J, Ulmer S. Sympathetic cooling of a trapped proton mediated by an LC circuit. Nature 2021; 596:514-518. [PMID: 34433946 PMCID: PMC8387233 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient cooling of trapped charged particles is essential to many fundamental physics experiments1,2, to high-precision metrology3,4 and to quantum technology5,6. Until now, sympathetic cooling has required close-range Coulomb interactions7,8, but there has been a sustained desire to bring laser-cooling techniques to particles in macroscopically separated traps5,9,10, extending quantum control techniques to previously inaccessible particles such as highly charged ions, molecular ions and antimatter. Here we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a single proton using laser-cooled Be+ ions in spatially separated Penning traps. The traps are connected by a superconducting LC circuit that enables energy exchange over a distance of 9 cm. We also demonstrate the cooling of a resonant mode of a macroscopic LC circuit with laser-cooled ions and sympathetic cooling of an individually trapped proton, reaching temperatures far below the environmental temperature. Notably, as this technique uses only image-current interactions, it can be easily applied to an experiment with antiprotons1, facilitating improved precision in matter-antimatter comparisons11 and dark matter searches12,13.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bohman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany.
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan.
| | - V Grunhofer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Smorra
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
| | - C Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M J Borchert
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J A Devlin
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Erlewein
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fleck
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Gavranovic
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Harrington
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
| | - B Latacz
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Popper
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - E Wursten
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
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7
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Fan X, Fayer SE, Myers TG, Sukra BAD, Nahal G, Gabrielse G. Switchable damping for a one-particle oscillator. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023201. [PMID: 33648086 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to switch the damping rate for a one-electron oscillator is demonstrated for an electron that oscillates along the magnetic field axis in a Penning trap. Strong axial damping can be switched on to allow this oscillation to be used for quantum nondemolition detection of the cyclotron and spin quantum state of the electron. Weak axial damping can be switched on to circumvent the backaction of the detection motion that has limited past measurements. The newly developed switch will reduce the linewidth of the cyclotron transition of one-electron by two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S E Fayer
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - T G Myers
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B A D Sukra
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - G Nahal
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - G Gabrielse
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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8
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Devlin JA, Borchert MJ, Erlewein S, Fleck M, Harrington JA, Latacz B, Warncke J, Wursten E, Bohman MA, Mooser AH, Smorra C, Wiesinger M, Will C, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. Constraints on the Coupling between Axionlike Dark Matter and Photons Using an Antiproton Superconducting Tuned Detection Circuit in a Cryogenic Penning Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:041301. [PMID: 33576660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We constrain the coupling between axionlike particles (ALPs) and photons, measured with the superconducting resonant detection circuit of a cryogenic Penning trap. By searching the noise spectrum of our fixed-frequency resonant circuit for peaks caused by dark matter ALPs converting into photons in the strong magnetic field of the Penning-trap magnet, we are able to constrain the coupling of ALPs with masses around 2.7906-2.7914 neV/c^{2} to g_{aγ}<1×10^{-11} GeV^{-1}. This is more than one order of magnitude lower than the best laboratory haloscope and approximately 5 times lower than the CERN axion solar telescope (CAST), setting limits in a mass and coupling range which is not constrained by astrophysical observations. Our approach can be extended to many other Penning-trap experiments and has the potential to provide broad limits in the low ALP mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Devlin
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J Borchert
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Erlewein
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fleck
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - James A Harrington
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Latacz
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jan Warncke
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Elise Wursten
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Matthew A Bohman
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Wiesinger
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Christian Ospelkaus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jochen Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yasunori Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Stefan Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Atomic mass measurements are essential for obtaining several of the fundamental constants. The most precise atomic mass measurements, at the 10−10 level of precision or better, employ measurements of cyclotron frequencies of single ions in Penning traps. We discuss the relation of atomic masses to fundamental constants in the context of the revised SI. We then review experimental methods, and the current status of measurements of the masses of the electron, proton, neutron, deuteron, tritium, helium-3, helium-4, oxygen-16, silicon-28, rubidium-87, and cesium-133. We conclude with directions for future work.
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10
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Borchert MJ, Blessing PE, Devlin JA, Harrington JA, Higuchi T, Morgner J, Smorra C, Wursten E, Bohman M, Wiesinger M, Mooser A, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. Measurement of Ultralow Heating Rates of a Single Antiproton in a Cryogenic Penning Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:043201. [PMID: 30768304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first detailed study of motional heating in a cryogenic Penning trap using a single antiproton. Employing the continuous Stern-Gerlach effect we observe cyclotron quantum transition rates of 6(1) quanta/h and an electric-field noise spectral density below 7.5(3.4)×10^{-20} V^{2} m^{-2} Hz^{-1}, which corresponds to a scaled noise spectral density below 8.8(4.0)×10^{-12} V^{2} m^{-2}, results which are more than 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those reported by other ion-trap experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Borchert
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P E Blessing
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J A Devlin
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J A Harrington
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Higuchi
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - J Morgner
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - E Wursten
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Bohman
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Wiesinger
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69047 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Yamazaki
- Atomic Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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11
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Schneider G, Mooser A, Bohman M, Schön N, Harrington J, Higuchi T, Nagahama H, Sellner S, Smorra C, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Quint W, Walz J, Ulmer S. Double-trap measurement of the proton magnetic moment at 0.3 parts per billion precision. Science 2018; 358:1081-1084. [PMID: 29170238 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of the fundamental properties of the proton is essential for our understanding of atomic structure as well as for precise tests of fundamental symmetries. We report on a direct high-precision measurement of the magnetic moment μp of the proton in units of the nuclear magneton μN The result, μp = 2.79284734462 (±0.00000000082) μN, has a fractional precision of 0.3 parts per billion, improves the previous best measurement by a factor of 11, and is consistent with the currently accepted value. This was achieved with the use of an optimized double-Penning trap technique. Provided a similar measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment can be performed, this result will enable a test of the fundamental symmetry between matter and antimatter in the baryonic sector at the 10-10 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schneider
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany. .,RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Andreas Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Matthew Bohman
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Schön
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Takashi Higuchi
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagahama
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Stefan Sellner
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Christian Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Klaus Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jochen Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Ulmer S, Mooser A, Nagahama H, Sellner S, Smorra C. Challenging the standard model by high-precision comparisons of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0275. [PMID: 29459414 PMCID: PMC5829177 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The BASE collaboration investigates the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons, such as charge-to-mass ratios and magnetic moments, using advanced cryogenic Penning trap systems. In recent years, we performed the most precise measurement of the magnetic moments of both the proton and the antiproton, and conducted the most precise comparison of the proton-to-antiproton charge-to-mass ratio. In addition, we have set the most stringent constraint on directly measured antiproton lifetime, based on a unique reservoir trap technique. Our matter/antimatter comparison experiments provide stringent tests of the fundamental charge-parity-time invariance, which is one of the fundamental symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. This article reviews the recent achievements of BASE and gives an outlook to our physics programme in the ELENA era.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Antiproton physics in the ELENA era'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ulmer
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Nagahama
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Sellner
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Smorra
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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13
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Smorra C, Sellner S, Borchert MJ, Harrington JA, Higuchi T, Nagahama H, Tanaka T, Mooser A, Schneider G, Bohman M, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. A parts-per-billion measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment. Nature 2017; 550:371-374. [DOI: 10.1038/nature24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Heiße F, Köhler-Langes F, Rau S, Hou J, Junck S, Kracke A, Mooser A, Quint W, Ulmer S, Werth G, Blaum K, Sturm S. High-Precision Measurement of the Proton's Atomic Mass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:033001. [PMID: 28777624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the precise measurement of the atomic mass of a single proton with a purpose-built Penning-trap system. With a precision of 32 parts per trillion our result not only improves on the current CODATA literature value by a factor of 3, but also disagrees with it at a level of about 3 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Köhler-Langes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Junck
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Kracke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Werth
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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