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Lee J, Morales MA, Malone FD. A phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo perspective on the uniform electron gas at finite temperatures: Issues, observations, and benchmark study. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:064109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0041378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Miguel A. Morales
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Fionn D. Malone
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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2
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Li Z, Winisdoerffer C, Soubiran F, Caracas R. Ab initio Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of the liquid-vapor equilibrium and the critical point of sodium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:311-319. [PMID: 33347522 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04158k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ab initio (ai) Gibbs ensemble (GE) Monte Carlo (MC) method coupled with Kohn-Sham density functional theory is successful in predicting the liquid-vapour equilibrium of insulating systems. Here we show that the aiGEMC method can be used to study also metallic systems, where the excited electronic states play an important role and cannot be neglected. For this we include the electronic free energy in the formulation of the effective energy of the system to be used in the acceptance criteria for the MC moves. The application of this aiGEMC method to sodium yields a good agreement with available experimental data on the liquid-vapour equilibrium densities. We predict a critical point for sodium at 2338 ± 108 K and 0.24 ± 0.03 g cm-3. The liquid structure stemming from aiGEMC simulations is very similar to the one from ab initio molecular dynamics. Since this method can determine phase transition without computing the Gibbs free energy, it may offer a new possibility to study other materials with a reasonable computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon LGLTPE UMR 5276, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364, France.
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3
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Militzer B, González-Cataldo F, Zhang S, Driver KP, Soubiran F. First-principles equation of state database for warm dense matter computation. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:013203. [PMID: 33601631 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.013203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We put together a first-principles equation of state (FPEOS) database for matter at extreme conditions by combining results from path integral Monte Carlo and density functional molecular dynamics simulations of the elements H, He, B, C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, and Si as well as the compounds LiF, B_{4}C, BN, CH_{4}, CH_{2}, C_{2}H_{3}, CH, C_{2}H, MgO, and MgSiO_{3}. For all these materials, we provide the pressure and internal energy over a density-temperature range from ∼0.5 to 50 g cm^{-3} and from ∼10^{4} to 10^{9} K, which are based on ∼5000 different first-principles simulations. We compute isobars, adiabats, and shock Hugoniot curves in the regime of L- and K-shell ionization. Invoking the linear mixing approximation, we study the properties of mixtures at high density and temperature. We derive the Hugoniot curves for water and alumina as well as for carbon-oxygen, helium-neon, and CH-silicon mixtures. We predict the maximal shock compression ratios of H_{2}O, H_{2}O_{2}, Al_{2}O_{3}, CO, and CO_{2} to be 4.61, 4.64, 4.64, 4.89, and 4.83, respectively. Finally we use the FPEOS database to determine the points of maximum shock compression for all available binary mixtures. We identify mixtures that reach higher shock compression ratios than their end members. We discuss trends common to all mixtures in pressure-temperature and particle-shock velocity spaces. In the Supplemental Material, we provide all FPEOS tables as well as computer codes for interpolation, Hugoniot calculations, and plots of various thermodynamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Felipe González-Cataldo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Kevin P Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - François Soubiran
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- CEA DAM-DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
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4
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Militzer B, González-Cataldo F, Zhang S, Whitley HD, Swift DC, Millot M. Nonideal mixing effects in warm dense matter studied with first-principles computer simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0023232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Felipe González-Cataldo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Heather D. Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Damian C. Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Marius Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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5
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Zhang S, Marshall MC, Yang LH, Sterne PA, Militzer B, Däne M, Gaffney JA, Shamp A, Ogitsu T, Caspersen K, Lazicki AE, Erskine D, London RA, Celliers PM, Nilsen J, Whitley HD. Benchmarking boron carbide equation of state using computation and experiment. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:053203. [PMID: 33327061 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.053203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Boron carbide (B_{4}C) is of both fundamental scientific and practical interest due to its structural complexity and how it changes upon compression, as well as its many industrial uses and potential for use in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy density physics experiments. We report the results of a comprehensive computational study of the equation of state (EOS) of B_{4}C in the liquid, warm dense matter, and plasma phases. Our calculations are cross-validated by comparisons with Hugoniot measurements up to 61 megabar from planar shock experiments performed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Our computational methods include path integral Monte Carlo, activity expansion, as well as all-electron Green's function Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker and molecular dynamics that are both based on density functional theory. We calculate the pressure-internal energy EOS of B_{4}C over a broad range of temperatures (∼6×10^{3}-5×10^{8} K) and densities (0.025-50 g/cm^{3}). We assess that the largest discrepancies between theoretical predictions are ≲5% near the compression maximum at 1-2×10^{6} K. This is the warm-dense state in which the K shell significantly ionizes and has posed grand challenges to theory and experiment. By comparing with different EOS models, we find a Purgatorio model (LEOS 2122) that agrees with our calculations. The maximum discrepancies in pressure between our first-principles predictions and LEOS 2122 are ∼18% and occur at temperatures between 6×10^{3}-2×10^{5} K, which we believe originate from differences in the ion thermal term and the cold curve that are modeled in LEOS 2122 in comparison with our first-principles calculations. To account for potential differences in the ion thermal term, we have developed three new equation-of-state models that are consistent with theoretical calculations and experiment. We apply these new models to 1D hydrodynamic simulations of a polar direct-drive NIF implosion, demonstrating that these new models are now available for future ICF design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | | | - Lin H Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Philip A Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Markus Däne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - James A Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Andrew Shamp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Tadashi Ogitsu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Kyle Caspersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Amy E Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - David Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Richard A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Peter M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Joseph Nilsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Heather D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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6
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Liu Q, Lu D, Chen M. Structure and dynamics of warm dense aluminum: a molecular dynamics study with density functional theory and deep potential. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:144002. [PMID: 31739300 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We perform a systematic study on the structure and dynamics of warm dense aluminum (Al) at temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 eV with molecular dynamics utilizing both density functional theory (DFT) and the deep potential (DP) method. On one hand, unlike the Thomas-Fermi kinetic energy density functional (KEDF), we find that the orbital-free DFT method with the Wang-Teter non-local KEDF yields properties of warm dense Al that agree well with the Kohn-Sham DFT method, enabling accurate orbital-free DFT simulations of warm dense Al at relatively low temperatures. On the other hand, the DP method constructs a deep neural network that has a high accuracy in reproducing short- and long-ranged properties of warm dense Al when compared to the DFT methods. The DP method is orders of magnitudes faster than DFT and is well-suited for simulating large systems and long trajectories to yield accurate properties of warm dense Al. Our results suggest that the combination of DFT methods and the DP model is a powerful tool for accurately and efficiently simulating warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Liu
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, College of Engineering and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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7
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Soubiran F, González-Cataldo F, Driver KP, Zhang S, Militzer B. Magnesium oxide at extreme temperatures and pressures studied with first-principles simulations. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:214104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- François Soubiran
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Felipe González-Cataldo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin P. Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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8
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Zhang S, Militzer B, Gregor MC, Caspersen K, Yang LH, Gaffney J, Ogitsu T, Swift D, Lazicki A, Erskine D, London RA, Celliers PM, Nilsen J, Sterne PA, Whitley HD. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the equation of state of boron plasmas. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:023205. [PMID: 30253522 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.023205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a theoretical equation of state (EOS) table for boron across a wide range of temperatures (5.1×10^{4}-5.2×10^{8} K) and densities (0.25-49 g/cm^{3}) and experimental shock Hugoniot data at unprecedented high pressures (5608±118 GPa). The calculations are performed with first-principles methods combining path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) at high temperatures and density-functional-theory molecular-dynamics (DFT-MD) methods at lower temperatures. PIMC and DFT-MD cross-validate each other by providing coherent EOS (difference <1.5 Hartree/boron in energy and <5% in pressure) at 5.1×10^{5} K. The Hugoniot measurement is conducted at the National Ignition Facility using a planar shock platform. The pressure-density relation found in our shock experiment is on top of the shock Hugoniot profile predicted with our first-principles EOS and a semiempirical EOS table (LEOS 50). We investigate the self-diffusivity and the effect of thermal and pressure-driven ionization on the EOS and shock compression behavior in high-pressure and -temperature conditions. We also study the sensitivity of a polar direct-drive exploding pusher platform to pressure variations based on applying pressure multipliers to LEOS 50 and by utilizing a new EOS model based on our ab initio simulations via one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic calculations. The results are valuable for future theoretical and experimental studies and engineering design in high-energy density research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Michelle C Gregor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Kyle Caspersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Lin H Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jim Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Tadashi Ogitsu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Damian Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Amy Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Richard A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Joseph Nilsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Philip A Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Heather D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Driver KP, Soubiran F, Militzer B. Path integral Monte Carlo simulations of warm dense aluminum. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:063207. [PMID: 30011453 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.063207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We perform first-principles path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) and density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) calculations to explore warm dense matter states of aluminum. Our equation of state (EOS) simulations cover a wide density-temperature range of 0.1-32.4gcm^{-3} and 10^{4}-10^{8} K. Since PIMC and DFT-MD accurately treat effects of the atomic shell structure, we find two compression maxima along the principal Hugoniot curve attributed to K-shell and L-shell ionization. The results provide a benchmark for widely used EOS tables, such as SESAME, QEOS, and models based on Thomas-Fermi and average-atom techniques. A subsequent multishock analysis provides a quantitative assessment for how much heating occurs relative to an isentrope in multishock experiments. Finally, we compute heat capacity, pair-correlation functions, the electronic density of states, and 〈Z〉 to reveal the evolution of the plasma structure and ionization behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Soubiran
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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10
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Zhang S, Militzer B, Benedict LX, Soubiran F, Sterne PA, Driver KP. Path integral Monte Carlo simulations of dense carbon-hydrogen plasmas. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:102318. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lorin X. Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - François Soubiran
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Philip A. Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Kevin P. Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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11
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Driver KP, Militzer B. First-principles simulations of warm dense lithium fluoride. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:043205. [PMID: 28505825 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.043205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We perform first-principles path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) and density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) calculations to explore warm dense matter states of LiF. Our simulations cover a wide density-temperature range of 2.08-15.70gcm^{-3} and 10^{4}-10^{9} K. Since PIMC and DFT-MD accurately treat effects of atomic shell structure, we find a pronounced compression maximum and a shoulder on the principal Hugoniot curve attributed to K-shell and L-shell ionization. The results provide a benchmark for widely used EOS tables, such as SESAME, LEOS, and models. In addition, we compute pair-correlation functions that reveal an evolving plasma structure and ionization process that is driven by thermal and pressure ionization. Finally, we compute electronic density of states of liquid LiF from DFT-MD simulations and find that the electronic gap can remain open with increasing density and temperature to at least 15.7 gcm^{-3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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