1
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Denham P, Yang Y, Guo V, Fisher A, Shen X, Xu T, England RJ, Li RK, Musumeci P. High energy electron diffraction instrument with tunable camera length. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:024302. [PMID: 38532924 PMCID: PMC10965247 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) stands as a powerful technique for real-time observation of structural dynamics at the atomic level. In recent years, the use of MeV electrons from radio frequency guns has been widely adopted to take advantage of the relativistic suppression of the space charge effects that otherwise limit the temporal resolution of the technique. Nevertheless, there is not a clear choice for the optimal energy for a UED instrument. Scaling to beam energies higher than a few MeV does pose significant technical challenges, mainly related to the inherent increase in diffraction camera length associated with the smaller Bragg angles. In this study, we report a solution by using a compact post-sample magnetic optical system to magnify the diffraction pattern from a crystal Au sample illuminated by an 8.2 MeV electron beam. Our method employs, as one of the lenses of the optical system, a triplet of compact, high field gradients (>500 T/m), small-gap (3.5 mm) Halbach permanent magnet quadrupoles. Shifting the relative position of the quadrupoles, we demonstrate tuning the magnification by more than a factor of two, a 6× improvement in camera length, and reciprocal space resolution better than 0.1 Å-1 in agreement with beam transport simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Denham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y. Yang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - V. Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A. Fisher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - X. Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T. Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R. J. England
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R. K. Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - P. Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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2
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Duncan CJR, Kaemingk M, Li WH, Andorf MB, Bartnik AC, Galdi A, Gordon M, Pennington CA, Bazarov IV, Zeng HJ, Liu F, Luo D, Sood A, Lindenberg AM, Tate MW, Muller DA, Thom-Levy J, Gruner SM, Maxson JM. Multi-scale time-resolved electron diffraction: A case study in moiré materials. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113771. [PMID: 37301082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast-optical-pump - structural-probe measurements, including ultrafast electron and x-ray scattering, provide direct experimental access to the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, and are thus foundational techniques for studying matter out of equilibrium. High-performance detectors are needed in scattering experiments to obtain maximum scientific value from every probe particle. We deploy a hybrid pixel array direct electron detector to perform ultrafast electron diffraction experiments on a WSe2/MoSe2 2D heterobilayer, resolving the weak features of diffuse scattering and moiré superlattice structure without saturating the zero order peak. Enabled by the detector's high frame rate, we show that a chopping technique provides diffraction difference images with signal-to-noise at the shot noise limit. Finally, we demonstrate that a fast detector frame rate coupled with a high repetition rate probe can provide continuous time resolution from femtoseconds to seconds, enabling us to perform a scanning ultrafast electron diffraction experiment that maps thermal transport in WSe2/MoSe2 and resolves distinct diffusion mechanisms in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J R Duncan
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - M Kaemingk
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - W H Li
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - M B Andorf
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - A C Bartnik
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - A Galdi
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - M Gordon
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - C A Pennington
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - I V Bazarov
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - H J Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D Luo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94205, USA
| | - A Sood
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - A M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M W Tate
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - D A Muller
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J Thom-Levy
- Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - S M Gruner
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J M Maxson
- Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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3
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Siddiqui KM, Durham DB, Cropp F, Ji F, Paiagua S, Ophus C, Andresen NC, Jin L, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang X, You W, Murnane M, Centurion M, Wang X, Slaughter DS, Kaindl RA, Musumeci P, Minor AM, Filippetto D. Relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction at high repetition rates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064302. [PMID: 38058995 PMCID: PMC10697722 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) emerge as one of the forefront techniques with the sensitivity to resolve atomic motions. Increasingly sophisticated UED instruments are being developed that are aimed at increasing the beam brightness in order to observe structural signatures, but so far they have been limited to low average current beams. Here, we present the technical design and capabilities of the HiRES (High Repetition-rate Electron Scattering) instrument, which blends relativistic electrons and high repetition rates to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in average beam current compared to the existing state-of-the-art instruments. The setup utilizes a novel electron source to deliver femtosecond duration electron pulses at up to MHz repetition rates for UED experiments. Instrument response function of sub-500 fs is demonstrated with < 100 fs time resolution targeted in future. We provide example cases of diffraction measurements on solid-state and gas-phase samples, including both micro- and nanodiffraction (featuring 100 nm beam size) modes, which showcase the potential of the instrument for novel UED experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Siddiqui
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - F. Ji
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Paiagua
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C. Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N. C. Andresen
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L. Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W. You
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Murnane
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - D. S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P. Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - D. Filippetto
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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Real-time ultrafast oscilloscope with a relativistic electron bunch train. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6851. [PMID: 34824264 PMCID: PMC8617034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The deflection of charged particles is an intuitive way to visualize an electromagnetic oscillation of coherent light. Here, we present a real-time ultrafast oscilloscope for time-frozen visualization of a terahertz (THz) optical wave by probing light-driven motion of relativistic electrons. We found the unique condition of subwavelength metal slit waveguide for preserving the distortion-free optical waveform during its propagation. Momentary stamping of the wave, transversely travelling inside a metal slit, on an ultrashort wide electron bunch enables the single-shot recording of an ultrafast optical waveform. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we successfully demonstrated to capture the entire field oscillation of a THz pulse with a sampling rate of 75.7 TS/s. Owing to the use of transversely-wide and longitudinally-short electron bunch and transversely travelling wave, the proposed “single-shot oscilloscope” will open up new avenue for developing the real-time petahertz (PHz) metrology. A travelling wave inside a metal slit can reveal its own waveform by probing deflecting motions of charged particles. Here, a real-time THz oscilloscope was demonstrated by utilizing the relativistic electrons and the subwavelength slit waveguide.
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5
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Ledbetter K, Biasin E, Nunes JPF, Centurion M, Gaffney KJ, Kozina M, Lin MF, Shen X, Yang J, Wang XJ, Wolf TJA, Cordones AA. Photodissociation of aqueous I 3 - observed with liquid-phase ultrafast mega-electron-volt electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:064901. [PMID: 33415183 PMCID: PMC7771998 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Developing femtosecond resolution methods for directly observing structural dynamics is critical to understanding complex photochemical reaction mechanisms in solution. We have used two recent developments, ultrafast mega-electron-volt electron sources and vacuum compatible sub-micron thick liquid sheet jets, to enable liquid-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (LUED). We have demonstrated the viability of LUED by investigating the photodissociation of tri-iodide initiated with a 400 nm laser pulse. This has enabled the average speed of the bond expansion to be measured during the first 750 fs of dissociation and the geminate recombination to be directly captured on the picosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J. P. F. Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - M. Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - K. J. Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M. Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M.-F. Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X. Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - X. J. Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T. J. A. Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A. A. Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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6
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Ma L, Yong H, Geiser JD, Moreno Carrascosa A, Goff N, Weber PM. Ultrafast x-ray and electron scattering of free molecules: A comparative evaluation. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:034102. [PMID: 32637459 PMCID: PMC7316516 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Resolving gas phase molecular motions with simultaneous spatial and temporal resolution is rapidly coming within the reach of x-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) and Mega-electron-Volt (MeV) electron beams. These two methods enable scattering experiments that have yielded fascinating new results, and while both are important methods for determining transient molecular structures in photochemical reactions, it is important to understand their relative merits. In the present study, we evaluate the respective scattering cross sections of the two methods and simulate their ability to determine excited state molecular structures in light of currently existing XFEL and MeV source parameters. Using the example of optically excited N-methyl morpholine and simulating the scattering patterns with shot noise, we find that the currently achievable signals are superior with x-ray scattering for equal samples and on a per-shot basis and that x-ray scattering requires fewer detected signal counts for an equal fidelity structure determination. Importantly, within the independent atom model, excellent structure determinations can be achieved for scattering vectors only to about 5 Å-1, leaving larger scattering vector ranges for investigating vibrational motions and wavepackets. Electron scattering has a comparatively higher sensitivity toward hydrogen atoms, which may point to applications where electron scattering is inherently the preferred choice, provided that excellent signals can be achieved at large scattering angles that are currently difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Ma
- Brown University, Department of Chemistry, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Brown University, Department of Chemistry, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joseph D. Geiser
- Brown University, Department of Chemistry, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | - Nathan Goff
- Brown University, Department of Chemistry, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Brown University, Department of Chemistry, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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7
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Nunes JPF, Ledbetter K, Lin M, Kozina M, DePonte DP, Biasin E, Centurion M, Crissman CJ, Dunning M, Guillet S, Jobe K, Liu Y, Mo M, Shen X, Sublett R, Weathersby S, Yoneda C, Wolf TJA, Yang J, Cordones AA, Wang XJ. Liquid-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:024301. [PMID: 32161776 PMCID: PMC7062553 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of light into usable chemical and mechanical energy is pivotal to several biological and chemical processes, many of which occur in solution. To understand the structure-function relationships mediating these processes, a technique with high spatial and temporal resolutions is required. Here, we report on the design and commissioning of a liquid-phase mega-electron-volt (MeV) ultrafast electron diffraction instrument for the study of structural dynamics in solution. Limitations posed by the shallow penetration depth of electrons and the resulting information loss due to multiple scattering and the technical challenge of delivering liquids to vacuum were overcome through the use of MeV electrons and a gas-accelerated thin liquid sheet jet. To demonstrate the capabilities of this instrument, the structure of water and its network were resolved up to the 3 rd hydration shell with a spatial resolution of 0.6 Å; preliminary time-resolved experiments demonstrated a temporal resolution of 200 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | | | - M Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D P DePonte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - C J Crissman
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Dunning
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Guillet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - M Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Sublett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Yoneda
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - A A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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8
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Shen X, Nunes JPF, Yang J, Jobe RK, Li RK, Lin MF, Moore B, Niebuhr M, Weathersby SP, Wolf TJA, Yoneda C, Guehr M, Centurion M, Wang XJ. Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:054305. [PMID: 31649964 PMCID: PMC6796191 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of ultrafast gas electron diffraction with nonrelativistic electrons has enabled the determination of molecular structures with atomic spatial resolution. It has, however, been challenging to break the picosecond temporal resolution barrier and achieve the goal that has long been envisioned-making space- and-time resolved molecular movies of chemical reaction in the gas-phase. Recently, an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) apparatus using mega-electron-volt (MeV) electrons was developed at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for imaging ultrafast structural dynamics of molecules in the gas phase. The SLAC gas-phase MeV UED has achieved 65 fs root mean square temporal resolution, 0.63 Å spatial resolution, and 0.22 Å-1 reciprocal-space resolution. Such high spatial-temporal resolution has enabled the capturing of real-time molecular movies of fundamental photochemical mechanisms, such as chemical bond breaking, ring opening, and a nuclear wave packet crossing a conical intersection. In this paper, the design that enables the high spatial-temporal resolution of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED is presented. The compact design of the differential pump section of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED realized five orders-of-magnitude vacuum isolation between the electron source and gas sample chamber. The spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and long-term stability of the apparatus are systematically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J. P. F. Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | | | - R. K. Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R. K. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B. Moore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - M. Niebuhr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S. P. Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T. J. A. Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C. Yoneda
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Markus Guehr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - X. J. Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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9
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Tsuru S, Fujikawa T, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. Theoretical study of ultrafast x-ray photoelectron diffraction from molecules undergoing photodissociation. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5019878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tsuru
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Akira Yagishita
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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