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Liu Y, Yu T, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wang Z. High-Precision Inertial Sensor Charge Ground Measurement Method Based on Phase-Sensitive Demodulation. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1009. [PMID: 38339724 PMCID: PMC10857045 DOI: 10.3390/s24031009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Inertial sensors are the key payloads in space gravitational wave detection missions, and they need to ensure that the test mass (TM), which serves as the inertial reference, freely floats in the spacecraft without contact, so that the TM is not disturbed by the satellite platform and the cosmic environment. Space gravitational wave detection missions require that the residual acceleration of the TM should be less than 3×10-15ms-2Hz-1/2. However, the TM with charges will interact with surrounding conductors and magnetic fields, introducing acceleration noise such as electrostatic force and Lorentz force. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out charge management on the TM, in which the high-precision measurement of charge is crucial. Space gravitational wave detection missions require a residual charge measurement accuracy of 3×10-13C for the TM. In this paper, we design a high-precision inertial sensor charge measurement method based on phase-sensitive demodulation (PSD). By establishing a torsion pendulum rotation model based on the force modulation method, the characteristics of the TM torsion angle signal are analyzed. The PSD is used to extract the amplitude of the specific frequency signal component containing the charge information, and then to calculate the value of the accumulated charges. The method is compared with the Butterworth band-pass filtering method, and the simulation results show that the method has a higher measurement accuracy, shorter settling time, and stronger anti-interference ability, meeting the TM residual charge measurement accuracy index requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Yu T, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. High-Precision Inertial Sensor Charge Management Based on Ultraviolet Discharge: A Comprehensive Review. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7794. [PMID: 37765854 PMCID: PMC10536178 DOI: 10.3390/s23187794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The charge accumulation caused by cosmic rays and solar energetic particles poses a significant challenge as a source of noise for inertial sensors used in space gravitational wave detection. To address this issue, the implementation of charge management systems based on ultraviolet discharge becomes crucial. This paper focuses on elucidating the principles and methods of using ultraviolet discharge for charge management in high-precision inertial sensors. Furthermore, it presents the design and implementation of relevant payloads. Through an analysis of the charge accumulation effect and its impact on noise, key considerations regarding coatings, light sources, and optical paths are explored, and some current and valuable insights into the future development of charge management systems are also summarized. The conclusions drawn from this research also provide guidance for the advancement of higher precision ultraviolet discharge technology and the design of charge management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Weber WJ, Bortoluzzi D, Bosetti P, Consolini G, Dolesi R, Vitale S. Application of LISA Gravitational Reference Sensor Hardware to Future Intersatellite Geodesy Missions. Remote Sensing 2022; 14:3092. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14133092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Like gravitational wave detection, inter-spacecraft geodesy is a measurement of gravitational tidal accelerations deforming a constellation of two or more orbiting reference test masses (TM). The LISA TM system requires TM in free fall with residual stray accelerations approaching the fm/s2/Hz1/2 level in the mHz band, as demonstrated in the LISA Pathfinder “Einstein’s geodesic explorer” mission. Current geodesy missions are limited by accelerometers with 100 pm/s2/Hz1/2 level, due to intrinsic design limitations, as well as the challenging low Earth orbit environment and operating conditions. A reduction in the TM acceleration noise could lead to an important improvement in the scientific return of future geodesy missions focusing on mass change, especially in a scenario with multiple pairs of geodesy satellites. We present here a preliminary assessment of how the LISA TM system, known as the “gravitational reference sensor” (GRS), could be adapted for use in future geodesy missions aiming at residual TM accelerations noise at the pm/s2/Hz1/2 level, addressing the major design issues and performance limitations. We find that such a performance is possible in a geodesy GRS that is simpler and smaller than that used for LISA, with a lighter, sub-kg TM and gaps reduced from 4 mm to less than 1 mm. Acceleration noise performance limitations will likely be closely tied to the required levels of applied actuation forces on the TM.
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Meshksar N, Ferraioli L, Mance D, Ten Pierick J, Giardini D. Analysis of the accuracy of actuation electronics for the laser interferometer space antenna. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:095003. [PMID: 33003792 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic actuation of a free-floating test-mass was tested in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission, and it will be integrated into the LISA. We have investigated the LISA Pathfinder actuation accuracy with respect to the precision of fractional digits in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) code of actuation electronics. The LISA Pathfinder data showed that the rounding errors in the FPGA code result in an erroneous force that contaminated the main mission observable, and this error was compensated in the post-processing of the LISA Pathfinder data. To avoid a similar issue for the LISA, the LISA actuation accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of fractional digits in the FPGA code. However, this is restricted by some hardware limitations. In this paper, we investigate the necessary enlargement of the FPGA to fulfill the LISA acceleration requirements and propose a design optimization for LISA actuation electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Ten Pierick
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Yu J, Wang C, Wang Y, Bai Y, Hu M, Li K, Li Z, Qu S, Wu S, Zhou Z. Investigation on Stray-Capacitance Influences of Coaxial Cables in Capacitive Transducers for a Space Inertial Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20113233. [PMID: 32517190 PMCID: PMC7308964 DOI: 10.3390/s20113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-sensitive inertial sensors are one of the key components in satellite Earth’s gravity field recovery missions and space gravitational wave detection missions. Low-noise capacitive position transducers are crucial to these missions to achieve the scientific goal. However, in actual engineering applications, the sensor head and electronics unit usually place separately in the satellite platform where a connecting cable is needed. In this paper, we focus on the stray-capacitance influences of coaxial cables which are used to connect the mechanical core and the electronics. Specially, for the capacitive transducer with a differential transformer bridge structure usually used in high-precision space inertial sensors, a connecting method of a coaxial cable between the transformer’s secondary winding and front-end circuit’s preamplifier is proposed to transmit the AC modulated analog voltage signal. The measurement and noise models including the stray-capacitance of the coaxial cable under this configuration is analyzed. A prototype system is set up to investigate the influences of the cables experimentally. Three different types and lengths of coaxial cables are chosen in our experiments to compare their performances. The analysis shows that the stray-capacitance will alter the circuit’s resonant frequency which could be adjusted by additional tuning capacitance, then under the optimal resonant condition, the output voltage noises of the preamplifier are measured and the sensitivity coefficients are also calibrated. Meanwhile, the stray-capacitance of the cables is estimated. Finally, the experimental results show that the noise level of this circuit with the selected cables could all achieve 1–2 × 10−7 pF/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chengrui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yanzheng Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;
| | - Ke Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhuxi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shaobo Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuchao Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zebing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
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