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M Nair A, Leboucher H, Toucouere L, Zamith S, Joblin C, L'Hermite JM, Marciniak A, Simon A. Diversity of protonated mixed pyrene-water clusters investigated by collision induced dissociation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5947-5961. [PMID: 38294026 PMCID: PMC10866126 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05734h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Protonated mixed pyrene-water clusters, (Py)m(H2O)nH+, where m = [1-3] and n = [1-10], are generated using a cryogenic molecular cluster source. Subsequently, the mass-selected mixed clusters undergo controlled collisions with rare gases, and the resulting fragmentation mass spectra are meticulously analyzed to discern distinct fragmentation channels. Notably, protonated water cluster fragments emerge for n ≥ 3, whereas they are absent for n = 1 and 2. The experimental results are complemented by theoretical calculations of structures and energetics for (Py)(H2O)nH+ with n = [1-4]. These calculations reveal a shift in proton localization, transitioning from the pyrene molecule for n = 1 and 2 to water molecules for n ≥ 3. The results support a formation scenario wherein water molecules attach to protonated pyrene PyH+ seeds, and, by extension, to (Py)2H+ and (Py)3H+ seeds. Various isomers are identified, corresponding to potential protonation sites on the pyrene molecule. Protonated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are likely to be formed in cold, dense interstellar clouds and protoplanetary disks due to the high proton affinity of these species. Our findings show that the presence of protonated PAHs in these environments could lead to the formation of water clusters and mixed carbon-water nanograins, having a potential impact on the water cycle in regions of planet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya M Nair
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/FERMI), UMR5589, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - Héloïse Leboucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/FERMI, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Lorris Toucouere
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/FERMI, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Zamith
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/FERMI), UMR5589, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc L'Hermite
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/FERMI), UMR5589, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Alexandre Marciniak
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/FERMI), UMR5589, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/FERMI, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Rapacioli M, Buey MY, Spiegelman F. Addressing electronic and dynamical evolution of molecules and molecular clusters: DFTB simulations of energy relaxation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1499-1515. [PMID: 37933901 PMCID: PMC10793726 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the capabilities of the density functional based Tight Binding (DFTB) scheme to address the electronic relaxation and dynamical evolution of molecules and molecular clusters following energy deposition via either collision or photoabsorption. The basics and extensions of DFTB for addressing these systems and in particular their electronic states and their dynamical evolution are reviewed. Applications to PAH molecules and clusters, carbonaceous systems of major interest in astrochemical/astrophysical context, are reported. A variety of processes are examined and discussed such as collisional hydrogenation, fast collisional processes and induced electronic and charge dynamics, collision-induced fragmentation, photo-induced fragmentation, relaxation in high electronic states, electronic-to-vibrational energy conversion and statistical versus non-statistical fragmentation. This review illustrates how simulations may help to unravel different relaxation mechanisms depending on various factors such as the system size, specific electronic structure or excitation conditions, in close connection with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/FERMI), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Maysa Yusef Buey
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/FERMI), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/FERMI), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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Leboucher H, Simon A, Rapacioli M. Structures and stabilities of PAH clusters solvated by water aggregates: The case of the pyrene dimer. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114308. [PMID: 36948831 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although clusters made of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and water monomers are relevant objects in both atmospheric and astrophysical science, little is known about their energetic and structural properties. In this work, we perform global explorations of the potential energy landscapes of neutral clusters made of two pyrene units and one to ten water molecules using a density-functional-based tight-binding (DFTB) potential followed by local optimizations at the density-functional theory level. We discuss the binding energies with respect to various dissociation channels. It shows that cohesion energies of the water clusters interacting with a pyrene dimer are larger than those of the pure water clusters, reaching for the largest clusters an asymptotic limit similar to that of pure water clusters and that, although the hexamer and octamer can be considered magic numbers for isolated water clusters, it is not the case anymore when they are interacting with a pyrene dimer. Ionization potentials are also computed by making use of the configuration interaction extension of DFTB, and we show that in cations, the charge is mostly carried by the pyrene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leboucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/FERMI, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - A Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/FERMI, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - M Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/FERMI, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Garcia GA, Dontot L, Rapacioli M, Spiegelman F, Bréchignac P, Nahon L, Joblin C. Electronic effects in the dissociative ionisation of pyrene clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4501-4510. [PMID: 36722859 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on the dissociative ionisation of clusters of pyrene. We measured the experimental appearance energies in the photon energy range 7.2-12.0 eV of the fragments formed from neutral monomer loss for clusters up to the hexamer. The results obtained show a deviation from statistical dissociation. From electronic structure calculations, we suggest that the role of excited states must be considered in the interpretation of experimental results, even in these relatively large systems. Non-statistical effects in the dissociative ionization process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) clusters may have an impact on the assessment of mechanisms determining the stability of these clusters in astrophysical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départamentale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France.
| | - Léo Dontot
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, FERMI, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, FERMI, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, FERMI, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Bréchignac
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départamentale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France.
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
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Zamith S, Kassem A, L'Hermite JM, Joblin C. Water Attachment onto Size-Selected Cationic Pyrene Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3696-3707. [PMID: 35670699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report measurements of the attachment rates of water molecules onto mass-selected cationic pyrene clusters for size from n = 4 to 13 pyrene units and for different collision energies. Comparison of the attachment rates with the collision rates measured in collision-induced dissociation experiments provides access to the values of the sticking coefficient. The strong dependence of the attachment rates on size and collision energy is rationalized through a model in which we use a Langevin-type collision rate and adjust on experimental data the statistical dissociation rate of the water molecule from the cluster after attachment. This allows us to extrapolate our results to the conditions of isolation and long time scales encountered in astrophysical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Zamith
- Laboratoire Collision Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC), UMR5589, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ali Kassem
- Laboratoire Collision Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC), UMR5589, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.,Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), UMR5277, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc L'Hermite
- Laboratoire Collision Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC), UMR5589, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), UMR5277, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
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Zheng L, Cuny J, Zamith S, L'Hermite JM, Rapacioli M. Collision-induced dissociation of protonated uracil water clusters probed by molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27404-27416. [PMID: 34859809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03228c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation experiments of hydrated molecular species can provide a wealth of important information. However, they often need a theoretical support to extract chemical information. In the present article, in order to provide a detailed description of recent experimental measurements [Braud et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2019, 150, 014303], collision simulations between low-energy protonated uracil water clusters (H2O)1-7,11,12UH+ and an Ar atom were performed using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics formalism based on the self-consistent-charge density-functional based tight-binding method. The theoretical proportion of formed neutral vs. protonated uracil containing clusters, total fragmentation cross sections as well as the mass spectra of charged fragments are consistent with the experimental data which highlights the accuracy of the present simulations. They allow to probe which fragments are formed on the short time scale and rationalize the location of the excess proton on these fragments. We demonstrate that this latter property is highly influenced by the nature of the aggregate undergoing the collision. Analyses of the time evolution of the fragments populations and of their relative abundances demonstrate that, up to 7 water molecules, a direct dissociation mechanism occurs after collision whereas for 11 and 12 water molecules a statistical mechanism is more likely to participate. Although scarce in the literature, the present simulations appear as a useful tool to complement collision-induced dissociation experiments of hydrated molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zheng
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Sébastien Zamith
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivié LCAR/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc L'Hermite
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivié LCAR/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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Bernard J, Al-Mogeeth A, Martin S, Montagne G, Joblin C, Dontot L, Spiegelman F, Rapacioli M. Experimental and theoretical study of photo-dissociation spectroscopy of pyrene dimer radical cations stored in a compact electrostatic ion storage ring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6017-6028. [PMID: 33667290 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05779g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical study of the photo-dissociation of free-flying dimer radical cations of pyrene (C16H10)2+. Experimentally, the dimers were produced in the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source and stored in an electrostatic ion storage ring, the Mini-Ring for times up to 10 ms and the photo-dissociation spectrum was recorded in the 400 to 2000 nm range. Two broad absorption bands were observed at 550 (2.25 eV) and 1560 nm (0.79 eV), respectively. Theoretical simulations of the absorption spectrum as a function of the temperature were performed using the Density Functional based Tight Binding approach within the Extended Configuration Interaction scheme (DFTB-EXCI) to determine the electronic structure. The simulation involved all excited electronic states correlated asymptotically with the five lowest excited states D1-D5 of the monomer cation and a Monte Carlo exploration of the electronic ground state potential energy surface. The simulations exhibit three major bands at 1.0, 2.1 and 2.8 eV respectively. They allow assigning the experimental band at 1560 nm to absorption by the charge resonance (CR) excited state correlated with the ground state of the monomer D0. The band at 550 nm is tentatively attributed to dimer states correlated with excited states D2-D4, in the monomer cation. Simulations also show that the CR band broadens and shifts towards longer wavelength with increasing temperature. It results from the dependence on the geometry of the energy gap between the ground state and the lowest excited state. The comparison of the experimental spectrum with theoretical spectra at various temperatures allows us to estimate the temperature of the stored (C16H10)2+ in the 300-400 K range, which is also in line with the expected temperatures of the ions deduced from the analysis of the natural decay curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bernard
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - A Al-Mogeeth
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - S Martin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - G Montagne
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - C Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - L Dontot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - F Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - M Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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