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Lei Z, Jin Z, Gu YJ, Sato S, Zhidkov A, Rondepierre A, Huang K, Nakanii N, Daito I, Kando M, Hosokai T. Modular supersonic nozzle for the stable laser-driven electron acceleration. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:015111. [PMID: 38259162 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The sharp density down-ramp injection (shock injection) mechanism produces the quasi-monoenergetic electron beam with a bunch duration of tens of femtoseconds via laser wakefield acceleration. The stability of the accelerated electron beam strongly depends on the stability of the laser beam and the shock structure produced by the supersonic gas nozzle. In this paper, we report the study of a newly designed modular supersonic nozzle with a flexible stilling chamber and a converging-diverging structure. The performance of the nozzle is studied both numerically and experimentally with the computational fluid dynamics simulation and the Mach-Zehnder interferometry method. The simulation results and the experimental measurements are well consistent, and both prove the effectiveness of the stilling chamber in stabilizing the gas flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhe Lei
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Zhan Jin
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yan-Jun Gu
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Alexei Zhidkov
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Alexandre Rondepierre
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kai Huang
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Izuru Daito
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Masaki Kando
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tomonao Hosokai
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Andrianaki G, Grigoriadis A, Skoulakis A, Tazes I, Mancelli D, Fitilis I, Dimitriou V, Benis EP, Papadogiannis NA, Tatarakis M, Nikolos IK. Design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed, custom-made nozzle for laser wakefield acceleration experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103309. [PMID: 37855698 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Laser WakeField Acceleration (LWFA) is extensively used as a high-energy electron source, with electrons achieving energies up to the GeV level. The produced electron beam characteristics depend strongly on the gas density profile. When the gaseous target is a gas jet, the gas density profile is affected by parameters, such as the nozzle geometry, the gas used, and the backing pressure applied to the gas valve. An electron source based on the LWFA mechanism has recently been developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers. To improve controllability over the electron source, we developed a set of 3D-printed nozzles suitable for creating different gas density profiles according to the experimental necessities. Here, we present a study of the design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed nozzle intended for LWFA experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andrianaki
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - A Grigoriadis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Skoulakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Tazes
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - D Mancelli
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Fitilis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - V Dimitriou
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - E P Benis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N A Papadogiannis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - M Tatarakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I K Nikolos
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
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