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Savina IV, Ivanov AA, Eltsov IV, Yanshole VV, Kuratieva NV, Komarovskikh AY, Syrokvashin MM, Shestopalov MA. Chemical Diversity of Mo 5S 5 Clusters with Pyrazole: Synthesis, Redox and UV-vis-NIR Absorption Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13879. [PMID: 37762182 PMCID: PMC10531228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of transition metal clusters has been intensively developed in the last decades, leading to the preparation of a number of compounds with promising and practically useful properties. In this context, the present work demonstrates the preparation and study of the reactivity, i.e., the possibility of varying the ligand environment, of new square pyramidal molybdenum chalcogenide clusters [{Mo5(μ3-S)i4(μ4-S)i(μ-pz)i4}(pzH)t5]1+/2+ (pzH = pyrazole, i = inner, t = terminal). The one-step synthesis starting from the octahedral Mo6Br12 cluster as well as the substitution of the apical pyrazole ligand or the selective bromination of the inner pyrazolate ligands were demonstrated. All the obtained compounds were characterized in detail using a series of physicochemical methods both in solid state (X-ray diffraction analysis, etc.) and in solution (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, etc.). In this work, redox properties and absorption in the ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared region of the obtained compounds were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia V. Savina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.I.); (N.V.K.); (A.Y.K.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Anton A. Ivanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.I.); (N.V.K.); (A.Y.K.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Ilia V. Eltsov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Vadim V. Yanshole
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3a Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Kuratieva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.I.); (N.V.K.); (A.Y.K.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Andrey Y. Komarovskikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.I.); (N.V.K.); (A.Y.K.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Mikhail M. Syrokvashin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.I.); (N.V.K.); (A.Y.K.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Michael A. Shestopalov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.I.); (N.V.K.); (A.Y.K.); (M.M.S.)
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Ward AFM, Reber AC, Khanna SN. Periodic Trends in the Infrared and Optical Absorption Spectra of Metal Chalcogenide Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:38-45. [PMID: 36548146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the optical absorption, infrared spectra, binding energies, and other cluster properties to investigate whether periodic trends can be observed in the electronic structure of transition metal chalcogenide clusters ligated with CO ligands. Our studies demonstrate the existence of several periodic trends in the properties of pure and mixed octahedral metal chalcogenide clusters, TM6Se8(CO)6 (TM = W-Pt). We find that octahedral metal chalcogenide clusters with 96, 100, and 114 valence electrons have larger excitation energies, consistent with these clusters having closed electronic shells. Periodic trends were observed in the infrared spectra, with the CO bond stretch having the highest energy at 100 and 114 valence electrons due to the closed electronic shell minimizing back-bonding with the CO molecule. A periodic trend in the antisymmetric TM-C stretch was also observed, with the vibrational energy increasing as the valence electron count increased. This is due to decrease in the TM-C bond length, resulting in a larger force constant. These results reveal that periodic trends seen earlier in simple or noble-metal clusters can be observed in symmetric transition metal chalcogenide clusters, showing that the superatom concept in metal chalcogenide clusters goes beyond electronic excitations, and can be seen in other observable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain F M Ward
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia23284-2000, United States
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia23284-2000, United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia23284-2000, United States
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Reber AC, Sengupta T, Bista D, Khanna SN. Magic Numbers in Octahedral Ligated Metal-Chalcogenide Superatoms. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16003-16008. [PMID: 36149274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The attainment of the superatomic state offers a unifying framework for the periodic classification of atomic clusters. Metallic clusters attain the superatomic state via the confined nearly free electron gas model that leads to groupings of quantum states marked by radial and angular momentum quantum numbers. We examine ligated octahedral metal-chalcogenide clusters where the nearly free electron gas model is invalid; however, the high symmetry can also lead to the bunching of electronic states. For octahedral TM6E8L6 clusters (TM = transition metal; E = chalcogen; L = ligand), the electronic shells are filled for valence electron counts of 96, 100, and 114 electrons. These magic electron counts are marked by large highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps, high ionization energies, and low electron affinity─all classic signatures of the superatomic state. We also find that clusters with electron counts differing from the magic counts show periodic patterns reminiscent of those observed in the periodic table of elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Turbasu Sengupta
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Dinesh Bista
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
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Ligand accommodation causes altered reactivity of silver clusters with iodomethane: superatomic stability of Ag9I2+ in mimicking XeF2. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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