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Moutinho-Pereira S, Navarro M, Capela C, Brito C. Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis associated with vocal cord carcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e255606. [PMID: 37316283 PMCID: PMC10277030 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moutinho-Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina, Serviço de Medicina Interna, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos EPE, Senhora da Hora, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos Capela
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Celeste Brito
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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2
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Pharyngeal-Esophageal Malignancies with Dermatologic Paraneoplastic Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111705. [PMID: 36362860 PMCID: PMC9693568 DOI: 10.3390/life12111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic changes often send signals to the skin, and certain neoplastic diseases of the internal organs can also trigger skin manifestations. In this article, the authors make clinical photography presentations of the patients seen at our clinic with dermatologic paraneoplastic syndromes within pharyngeal–esophageal malignancies, describe several paraneoplastic dermatoses, and also review high-quality scientific literature in order to be able to highlight the dermatological signs of pharyngoesophageal malignant tumors. The majority of our patients with paraneoplastic dermatoses, filtering for pharyngoesophageal malignancies, had esophageal neoplasms, out of whom seven were female and two were male, making esophageal cancer more common within the paraneoplastic dermatoses within pharyngoesophageal malignancies. An early recognition of paraneoplastic dermatoses can diagnose neoplasms and sequentially contribute to a better prognosis for the patient. This matter is also useful for front-line medical personnel in order to improve early diagnosis of the underlying malignancy, curative interventions with prompt therapy administration and good prognosis.
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Drugs associated with systemic sclerosis: An updated list of suspected drugs using the WHO pharmacovigilance database. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103157. [PMID: 35902047 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially the triggering factor, are poorly understood. The literature supporting the role of drugs in the onset of SSc primarily relies on case reports, short series or previous studies of old drugs. We aimed to update the list of suspected drugs associated with SSc (DASSc). METHODS Analyzing the World Health Organization (WHO) pharmacovigilance database (Vigibase®), we collected all individual case safety reports (ICSRs) of drugs putatively associated with SSc reported since 1967 using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms "systemic sclerosis" and "scleroderma". For each drug, a disproportionality analysis was performed by calculating the information component (IC). An identified drug was considered significant if the IC025 was >0. RESULTS A total of 2800 deduplicated ICSRs of DASSc were identified, accounting for 509 ICSRs and 38 suspected DASSc after exclusion of protopathic and indication biases. Anticancer drugs were the most represented drug class, accounting for 16/38 (42%) of DASSc and 317/509 (62.3%) of ICSRs, which occurred mostly in the first years after the introduction of the drugs. Among these, taxane-based agents, bleomycin, vinblastine, imatinib, dacarbazine, pembrolizumab and pemetrexed were associated with the highest disproportionate reporting. Hormone replacement therapy, romiplostim and eculizumab were associated with a significant signal. DASSc was considered a serious adverse drug reaction in 404 (92%, n = 441) cases with 41 (9%) cases resulting in death. CONCLUSION Several new drugs with significant disproportionality signals were identified as potential drugs implicated the development of SSc, particularly anticancer drugs.
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Orlova R, Zhukova N, Malkova A, Shoenfeld Y. Hypothesis for the development of immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100529. [PMID: 35131574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are no explanations for the diversity in the development of certain immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The goal of this study is to search for possible predisposing factors that contribute to the development of certain autoimmune complications during anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy. According to the keywords "checkpoint inhibitors, anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1/PD-L1, immune adverse events, paraneoplastic syndrome" the review and original articles published in the international databases to 2021were selected and studied. According to the analysis of the published papers, we consider that a key role in the difference in the types of irAEs lies in the specificity of the drug. The high prevalence of skin and gastrointestinal autoimmune complications can be explained by the presence of gut dysbacteriosis in patients before treatment and developed during the treatment. For the development of specific types of irAEs, a complex of predisposing factors is required, such as HLA-genotype, paraneoplastic syndromes, and the expression of PD-L1 in the thyroid gland in the case of anti-PD1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Orlova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; City Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Zhukova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; City Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Malkova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Ariel university, Israel
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5
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Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Keratinocyte Skin Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010249. [PMID: 35008413 PMCID: PMC8750284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the present review is to compile and evaluate the literature data on paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) associated with keratinocyte skin cancer (KSC). Forty relevant entries were assembled, reporting a total of 41 PNS cases associated with a KSC (34 male). No review paper compiling this topic was found. Six distinct PNS entities were identified, and malignancy associated hypercalcemia (MAH; 78%), anemia (10%) and Bazex syndrome (5%) were the most frequently reported among them. 85% of the PNS were reported in association with SCC, 10% with BCC, and the rest with adnexal tumors. The median age of the patients at the time of PNS diagnosis was 58 years (range: five–83 years). KSC predisposing conditions, as scars (22%) or hidradenitis suppurativa (20%), were reported in >70% of the PNS cases. In conclusion, PNS are rarely reported in association with KSC, possibly reflecting a limited capacity of KSC to provoke overt PNS. Abstract A variety of well-characterized cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are diagnosed during internal malignancies; however, the spectrum of keratinocyte skin neoplasms (KSC) related to PNS is still obscure. The aim of the present review is to compile and evaluate the literature data on PNS associated with a keratinocyte skin neoplasm (KSC). Employing Pubmed, MEDLINE was searched for KSC-associated PNS reports. Forty relevant entries were assembled, reporting a total of 41 PNS cases associated with a KSC (34 male). No review paper compiling this topic was found. Six distinct PNS entities were identified, and malignancy associated hypercalcemia (MAH; 78%), anemia (10%) and Bazex syndrome (5%) were the most frequently reported among them. 85% of the PNS were reported in association with SCC, 10% with BCC, and the rest with adnexal tumors. The median age of the patients at the time of PNS diagnosis was 58 years (range: five–83 years). In most cases the PNS was diagnosed either concurrently or after the KSC diagnosis. KSC predisposing conditions, as scars (22%) or hidradenitis suppurativa (20%), were reported in >70% of the PNS cases. Most PNS resolved after KSC treatment. In conclusion, PNS of a rather limited spectrum of entities are reported in association with KSC. They also seem to be rare, possibly reflecting a limited capacity of KSC to provoke overt PNS.
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Schmidt MF, Schaller M, Schmitt LC. [Hyperplasia-associated cutaneous paraneoplasia]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:295-298. [PMID: 33660024 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplasia-associated cutaneous paraneoplasia is an important differential diagnosis in everyday clinical practice. An early diagnosis of the underlying tumor disease can significantly improve the patient's prognosis. PATHOGENESIS Hyperplasia is probably mainly cytokine-mediated. The primary tumor and/or the metastases release growth factors and transcription factors which, via epidermal growth factors, lead to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS MALIGNA Symmetrical mainly intertriginous hyperpigmentation with partially verrucous hyperplasia and lichenification mostly in association with gastric adenocarcinoma. Special forms are florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms. Pseudoacanthosis nigricans is to be distinguished (metabolic and hormonal disorders). LESER-TRéLAT SYNDROME: Eruptive occurrence of seborrheic keratosis associated with visceral tumors. ACROKERATOSIS BAZEX Erythema and scaling initially at the bridge of the nose, ear helix and acra with later spread, associated with tumors of the upper aerodigestive system. It should be clinically differentiated from psoriasis. THERAPY The treatment of the primary tumor is decisive, which also leads to a decrease of cutaneous symptoms. Reappreance suggests tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morna F Schmidt
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Martin Schaller
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Laurenz C Schmitt
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
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Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that presents with rapidly developing, painful skin ulcers hallmarked by undermined borders and peripheral erythema. Epidemiological studies indicate that the average age of PG onset is in the mid-40s, with an incidence of a few cases per million person-years. PG is often associated with a variety of other immune-mediated diseases, most commonly inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The cause of PG is not well understood, but PG is generally considered an autoinflammatory disorder. Studies have focused on the role of T cells, especially at the wound margin; these cells may support the destructive autoinflammatory response by the innate immune system. PG is difficult to diagnose as several differential diagnoses are possible; in addition to clinical examination, laboratory tests of biopsied wound tissue are required for an accurate diagnosis, and new validated diagnostic criteria will facilitate the process. Treatment of PG typically starts with fast-acting immunosuppressive drugs (corticosteroids and/or cyclosporine) to reduce inflammation followed by the addition of more slowly acting immunosuppressive drugs with superior adverse event profiles, including biologics (in particular, anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents). Appropriate wound care is also essential. Future research should focus on PG-specific outcome measures and PG quality-of-life studies.
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Gualtieri B, Hertl M. Tumorerkrankungen an der Haut erkennen – paraneoplastische Hauterkrankungen. Internist (Berl) 2020; 61:860-868. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-020-00831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arellano J, Iglesias P, Suarez C, Corredoira Y, Schnettler K. Malignant acanthosis nigricans as a paraneoplastic manifestation of metastatic breast cancer. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:183-186. [PMID: 31360756 PMCID: PMC6637086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant acanthosis nigricans is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, usually associated with a gastric adenocarcinoma and less frequently with other neoplasms. In general, its appearance indicates a poor prognosis with a survival of < 2 years. We describe the case of a 40-year-old patient who presented with generalized cutaneous thickening that had a velvety appearance, was rapidly progressing, and involved right axillary adenopathy. Skin and nipple biopsy yielded results consistent with acanthosis nigricans, and palpable adenopathy biopsy results were compatible with mammary adenocarcinoma (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and estrogen and progesterone receptor negative) without a detectable primary tumor. This case of malignant acanthosis nigricans is presented because of the importance of its early recognition as a paraneoplastic syndrome and its relation with mammary adenocarcinoma, an association infrequently reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arellano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico San Borja, Arriarán, Chile
| | - Pamela Iglesias
- Department of Dermatology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Suarez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yamile Corredoira
- Department of Pathology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Borja, Arriarán, Chile
| | - Katty Schnettler
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Borja, Arriarán, Chile
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Caccavale S, Brancaccio G, Agozzino M, Vitiello P, Alfano R, Argenziano G. Obligate and facultative paraneoplastic dermatoses: an overview. Dermatol Pract Concept 2018; 8:191-197. [PMID: 30116663 PMCID: PMC6092071 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0803a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatological paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of cutaneous diseases associated with malignancy, but not directly related to the primary tumor itself or to its metastases. It is of utmost importance for the dermatologist to recognize the major cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes to diagnose the underlying tumors that trigger them as early as possible. In this overview, skin conditions that are highly correlated with malignancy, whose recognition implies a mandatory investigation of internal cancer, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caccavale
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marina Agozzino
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitiello
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Emergency, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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11
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Philips CA, Augustine P, Kumar L, Joseph G, Mahadevan P. Branch Duct-type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Presenting as Paraneoplastic Small Plaque Para-psoriasis. Indian Dermatol Online J 2018; 9:40-43. [PMID: 29441297 PMCID: PMC5803941 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_427_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To present and discuss a novel association between branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and paraneoplastic parapsoriasis. We present the case of a middle-aged male presenting with skin lesions that were suggestive of parapsoriasis, resistant to treatment, and in whom a diagnosis of branch-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas was eventually made. A curative Whipple's surgery led to complete resolution of the skin lesions within 3 weeks. Paraneoplastic parapsoriasis in association with intraductal papillary mucinous pancreatic neoplasm has never been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A Philips
- Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, PVS Institute of Digestive Diseases, PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Philip Augustine
- Department of Gastroenterology, PVS Institute of Digestive Diseases, PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Lijesh Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - George Joseph
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Pushpa Mahadevan
- Department of Pathology, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India
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12
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Abstract
Background: Palm and sole skin eruptions have a broad differential diagnosis. It is particularly important to recognize common causes as well as their association with certain chemotherapy regimens such as Capecitabine. Case report: A 79-year-old woman presented with a painful rash on her hands and feet for 1 week. She had metastatic colon cancer and was in her third week of treatment with capecitabine. Her diagnosis was a medication side-effect from chemotherapy. Capecitabine was stopped and she had some clinical improvement over the next two days. She was discharged with oncology follow up for resumption of Capecitabine at a lower dose with improvement in her rash 3 weeks later.
Discussion: Skin rashes are a commonly encountered complaint in patients in the inpatient and outpatient setting. It is important to maintain a broad differential diagnosis in those with rashes of the palmoplantar surfaces of the hands and feet. Recognizing skin changes as a possible manifestation of underlying malignancy or a medication side-effect is key in appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Advani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Danit Arad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
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13
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Sody E, Sondermann W, Körber A. [Verrucae, hyperpigmentation, palmar hyperkeratosis]. Hautarzt 2017; 69:340-342. [PMID: 28932954 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-017-4053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Sody
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland
| | - W Sondermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland
| | - A Körber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland.
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14
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Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica Associated with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2016; 2016:7137691. [PMID: 28101384 PMCID: PMC5215458 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7137691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, or Bazex syndrome, is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by cutaneous psoriasiform lesions with associated acral erythema and scale, as well as nail changes, including onycholysis and ungual dystrophy. Its most advanced, severe form involves the trunk, elbows, and knees. It is typically associated with upper aerodigestive tract malignancies in males. Rare cases associated with gynecological cancers have been reported, including uterine adenocarcinoma, as well as ovarian and vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Cutaneous manifestations often precede cancer diagnosis. In most reported cases, skin changes resolve when the underlying malignancy is adequately treated. Main Observations. We present the case of a 56-year-old female diagnosed with acrokeratosis paraneoplastica following the discovery of FIGO stage IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Scaling, hyperpigmentation, xerosis, and fissuring were noted on the patient's hands, feet, legs, arms, and lower back. Pitting was noted on her fingernails. Her cervical cancer was successfully treated with chemoradiotherapy, after which her cutaneous lesions persisted for two months before resolving. Conclusions. The presentation of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica in this context is atypical. Reports of associations with gynecological cancers, as in our patient's case, are exceedingly rare.
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15
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Association of lung cancer with skin diseases: A nationwide cohort study based on the “lung governing skin and hair” theory. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Genitourinary cancers are associated with a range of cutaneous syndromes, which can reflect direct metastatic spread, non-metastatic manifestations of malignancy or the consequences of treatment. More than 220,000 new cases of prostate cancer occur each year in the United States, and thus the associations with cutaneous involvement are quite well documented-rare metastatic spread, vasculitic and hemorrhagic syndromes. Cancers of the bladder and kidney may be associated with direct cutaneous metastases, vasculitic syndromes, hereditary leiomyomatosis, and other familial syndromes. Testicular cancer occasionally metastasizes to the skin but more commonly is associated with the dysplastic nevus (multiple atypical nevus) syndrome. A structured approach to history-taking, examination, and investigation is essential for optimal management, especially when these syndromes precede the diagnosis of a known malignancy. A brief review of the more common iatrogenic cutaneous complications is provided, and includes Raynaud's phenomenon, purpura, rash, hand-foot syndrome, the consequences of marrow failure, and bleomycin-induced pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Raghavan
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC.
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17
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Silva JAD, Mesquita KDC, Igreja ACDSM, Lucas ICRN, Freitas AF, Oliveira SMD, Costa IMC, Campbell IT. Paraneoplastic cutaneous manifestations: concepts and updates. An Bras Dermatol 2013; 88:9-22. [PMID: 23538999 PMCID: PMC3699944 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962013000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin often signals systemic changes. Some neoplastic diseases that affect
internal organs may trigger several cutaneous manifestations. Although these
dermatoses are relatively unusual, the recognition of some typical paraneoplastic
dermatoses may lead to the early diagnosis of a neoplasm and determine a better
prognosis. In this review article, we discuss the paraneoplastic cutaneous
manifestations strongly associated with neoplasms, which include acanthosis nigricans
maligna, tripe palms, erythema gyratum repens, Bazex syndrome, acquired
hypertrichosis lanuginosa, necrolytic migratory erythema, Leser-Trélat sign and
paraneoplastic pemphigus. We also review the clinical manifestations of each
condition and include updated knowledge on disease pathogenesis.
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18
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Cho JH, Kim NJ, Ko SM, Kim C, Ahn HK, Yun J, Park YH. A case report of paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2013; 45:70-3. [PMID: 23613673 PMCID: PMC3629366 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2013.45.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering and erosive mucocutaneous syndrome associated with underlying neoplasm. It is primarily associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, and uncommonly with malignancies of epithelial origin. We report on a case of a 68-year-old male who presented with whole body bullous and erosive skin lesions. Findings on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and skin biopsy revealed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Palliative chemotherapy and systemic glucocorticoid were started, however, the patient died of overwhelming sepsis on the ninth day of chemotherapy. This case demonstrates that paraneoplastic pemphigus can occur in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and could be a cause of morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Cho
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Maverakis E, Goodarzi H, Wehrli LN, Ono Y, Garcia MS. The etiology of paraneoplastic autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; 42:135-44. [PMID: 21246308 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-010-8248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although they may sometimes appear similar, paraneoplastic autoimmunity has a unique pathogenesis, different from the classical autoimmune diseases not associated with cancer. When distinguished clinically, paraneoplastic autoimmunity is more severe and often presents with a broader range of clinical signs and symptoms. Management of these patients is difficult and is usually centered in part on treatment of the underlying malignancy. Self-antigens recognized in the setting of paraneoplastic autoimmunity can be diverse, and the number of determinants recognized within a single antigen can be numerous. This review uses prototypic examples of paraneoplastic immune-mediated diseases and their associated malignancies to describe the mechanisms by which immune dysregulation can occur in the setting of cancer. Specific diseases covered include paraneoplastic pemphigus, Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and the paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. The malignancies discussed include thymoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, among others. The mechanisms by which cancers induce autoimmunity are broken down into the following categories: disruption of central tolerance, peripheral immune dysregulation, and alteration of self-antigens. For each category, examples of paraneoplastic autoimmune diseases and their associated malignancies are discussed. Finally, mechanisms by which cancer treatment can lead to autoimmunity and examples of polymorphisms that are linked to both cancer and autoimmunity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 3301 C Street, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.
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20
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011; 23:492-7. [PMID: 21750430 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e3283496fc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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