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Bosi I, Ford LS. Erythritol allergy. J Paediatr Child Health 2024. [PMID: 38738732 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bosi
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lara S Ford
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Conner JE, Steinberg JA. Approach to Idiopathic Anaphylaxis in Adolescents. Med Clin North Am 2024; 108:123-155. [PMID: 37951646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a potentially-life threatening condition. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to increased risk-taking behaviors, poor disease management, and minimized perception of risk. Although most anaphylaxis can be attributed to food, drug, or venom allergy via a detailed history and confirmatory studies, in nearly 1 in 5 cases, the cause may not be obvious. Clinical differentials including rare allergens, cofactors, mast-cell disorders, and mimic disorders can increase the likelihood of discovering of the cause of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E Conner
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 West Wisconsin Avenue. B440, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joshua A Steinberg
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 West Wisconsin Avenue. B440, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Section of Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, 5000 West National Avenue, 1AN, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
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Kim S, Yoo W, Park HK, Jo EJ. The First Case of Erythritol-Induced Anaphylaxis in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e83. [PMID: 35289142 PMCID: PMC8921212 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is a natural sugar alcohol found in some fruits and fermented foods, which is used as a dietary sweetener because it has few calories. Here, we describe a 36-year-old woman who experienced anaphylaxis upon ingestion of an erythritol-containing drink. She presented to the emergency department with dyspnea and angioedema after drinking a peach-containing diet beverage. Her blood pressure dropped to 70/40 mmHg and the symptoms improved after administration of an antihistamine, glucocorticoid, and epinephrine. After 10 days, she drank another peach-containing diet beverage and experienced urticaria. No serum-specific immunoglobulin E findings were observed, including against peach components. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed using a peach, the two ingested diet beverages, and another peach-containing beverage. The SPT results for the peach and the peach-containing product were negative, but the wheal sizes for the two diet beverages were > 3 mm. The diet beverages contained erythritol as a food additive. The SPT result was positive for erythritol. The patient was diagnosed with anaphylaxis to erythritol and was instructed to avoid foods containing erythritol. She was prescribed a self-injectable epinephrine pen. To our knowledge, this is the first case of erythritol-induced anaphylaxis in Korea. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of allergic reactions to food additives, and additives should be evaluated to prevent the recurrence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Wanho Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
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An Atypical Local Vesicular Reaction to the Yellow Fever Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5030026. [PMID: 28925936 PMCID: PMC5620557 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever vaccine is a live attenuated viral inoculation indicated for patients traveling to endemic areas. The vaccine is generally well tolerated with minimal adverse effects. Typical side effects include malaise, pain at the injection site, and, albeit rarely, immediate hypersensitivity reactions. We present a case of a rare adverse reaction to yellow fever vaccine in which a patient developed vesicular lesions resulting in bullae and circumferential hyperpigmentation.
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A Case of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction to Maltitol. Case Rep Med 2017; 2017:2127167. [PMID: 28894468 PMCID: PMC5574304 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2127167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maltitol is a sugar alcohol that is frequently used as a noncaloric sweetener, although it is also used as an excipient, a plasticizer in gelatin capsules, and an emollient. It has not been previously described as an agent involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Methods We report on an anaphylactoid reaction with pharyngeal occlusion suffered by a 60-year-old man after ingestion of a candy containing maltitol syrup. A prick-to-prick test was performed with the candy and maltitol powder. Other allergens were excluded as causative agents of the adverse reaction, although the patient refused to undergo an oral challenge test with the candy. A basophil activation test (BAT) was performed with maltitol powder, and a dose-response curve was generated. The test was also performed in 3 healthy controls. Results Both prick-to-prick tests were negative. The result of the BAT was positive at all the concentrations tested in the patient's blood and negative in all the controls. Conclusions The BAT can help to clarify the agents implicated in an adverse reaction and can reduce the risk involved in diagnosis. The BAT can also prove useful in the study of reactions caused by low-molecular-weight antigens, for which routine diagnostic tests are not feasible.
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Sugiura S, Kondo Y, Tsuge I, Nakagawa T, Kando N, Ito K, Koyama N. IgE-dependent mechanism and successful desensitization of erythritol allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:320-321.e1. [PMID: 27406010 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Sugiura
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, The Second Teaching Hospital, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ikuya Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakagawa
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kando
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norihisa Koyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Urban JD, Carakostas MC, Taylor SL. Steviol glycoside safety: are highly purified steviol glycoside sweeteners food allergens? Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 75:71-8. [PMID: 25449199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Steviol glycoside sweeteners are extracted from the plant Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. Many plants from this family can induce hypersensitivity reactions via multiple routes of exposure (e.g., ragweed, goldenrod, chrysanthemum, echinacea, chamomile, lettuce, sunflower and chicory). Based on this common taxonomy, some popular media reports and resources have issued food warnings alleging the potential for stevia allergy. To determine if such allergy warnings are warranted on stevia-based sweeteners, a comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all available data related to allergic responses following the consumption of stevia extracts or highly purified steviol glycosides. Hypersensitivity reactions to stevia in any form are rare. The few cases documented in the peer-reviewed literature were reported prior to the introduction of high-purity products to the market in 2008 when many global regulatory authorities began to affirm the safety of steviol glycosides. Neither stevia manufacturers nor food allergy networks have reported significant numbers of any adverse events related to ingestion of stevia-based sweeteners, and there have been no reports of stevia-related allergy in the literature since 2008. Therefore, there is little substantiated scientific evidence to support warning statements to consumers about allergy to highly purified stevia extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Urban
- ToxStrategies, Inc., 9390 Research Blvd, Suite 250, Austin, TX 78717, USA.
| | - Michael C Carakostas
- ToxStrategies, Inc., 2 Reeve Court, Suite 200, St., Helena Island, SC 29920, USA
| | - Steve L Taylor
- Food Allergy Research & Resource Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Kaneko K, Watanabe Y, Kimura K, Matsumoto K, Mizobuchi T, Onoue M. Development of hypoallergenic galacto-oligosaccharides on the basis of allergen analysis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:100-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) are recognized as prebiotics beneficial to human health through their abilities to modulate gut microbiota. On the other hand, it has been reported that immediate allergic reactions are caused by a GOS product (Bc-GOS) produced by treating lactose with β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans. The objective of this study was to create a safer GOS product that is less likely to cause GOS-induced allergy (GOS-AL). First, we identified two derivatives of tetrasaccharide sugar chains in Bc-GOS as the factors responsible for GOS-AL by histamine release test (HRT) using blood samples obtained from two GOS-AL patients. Through our search for non-allergic GOS, we developed a new GOS product, SK-GOS, which was produced by catalyzing lactose with β-galactosidase derived from Sporobolomyces singularis and Kluyveromyces lactis. We regard it as a hypoallergic and safe GOS product that does not cause GOS-AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyuki Kaneko
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Watanabe
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kimura
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaharu Onoue
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Sugiura S, Kondo Y, Ito K, Hashiguchi A, Takeuchi M, Koyama N. A case of anaphylaxis to erythritol diagnosed by CD203c expression-based basophil activation test. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 111:222-3. [PMID: 23987201 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shirao K, Inoue M, Tokuda R, Nagao M, Yamaguchi M, Okahata H, Fujisawa T. "Bitter sweet": a child case of erythritol-induced anaphylaxis. Allergol Int 2013; 62:269-71. [PMID: 23612489 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.12-le-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Anaphylaxis to cow's milk formula containing short-chain galacto-oligosaccharide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1361-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bernstein IL, Li JT, Bernstein DI, Hamilton R, Spector SL, Tan R, Sicherer S, Golden DBK, Khan DA, Nicklas RA, Portnoy JM, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Lang DM, Oppenheimer J, Randolph CC, Schuller DE, Tilles SA, Wallace DV, Levetin E, Weber R. Allergy diagnostic testing: an updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 100:S1-148. [PMID: 18431959 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sreenath K, Venkatesh YP. Reductively aminated D-xylose-albumin conjugate as the immunogen for generation of IgG and IgE antibodies specific to D-xylitol, a haptenic allergen. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1995-2003. [PMID: 17979222 DOI: 10.1021/bc700175g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are widely used as food additives and drug excipients. Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, and a low-calorie alternative sweetener to sucrose (approx 40% fewer calories), has enjoyed an enviable record of safety, and allergic reactions to xylitol are very rare. A case of oral erosive eczema to xylitol has been reported recently [Hanakawa, Y., Hanakawa, Y., Tohyama, M., Yamasaki, K., Hashimoto, K. (2005) Xylitol as a causative agent of oral erosive eczema. Brit. J. Dermatol. 152, 821-822]. Xylitol does not contain any reactive groups; hence, it is nonimmunogenic. In order to explain the immunogenicity of xylitol, polyclonal antibodies to xylitol have been raised using the reductive aminated product of D-xylose conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the immunogen. Rabbits immunized with xylitol-BSA conjugate (52 haptens/molecule) gave a good antibody response. Purification of antixylitol antibodies was carried out using hapten-affinity chromatography on xylitol-keyhole limpet hemocyanin-Sepharose CL-6B; the yield was approximately 40 microg/mL of rabbit immune serum. Purified xylitol-specific antibodies appeared to be homogeneous by native PAGE with a pI of approximately 7.2 by isoelectric focusing. Although the purified antibodies are specific for the xylitoyl moiety of xylitol-protein conjugates, they reacted equally well with the Schiff base conjugate of xylosyl-protein conjugates (68% cross-reactivity) indicating that carbons 2 to 5 of xylitol act as an epitope. Xylitol antibodies showed excellent specificity towards xylitol and <4.4% cross-reactivity with D-xylose and various sugar alcohols except ribitol and galactitol, which showed approximately 11% and 8% cross-reactivity, respectively. D-Xylitol-BSA conjugate was used to raise IgE antibodies in BALB/c mice by repeated intradermal administration. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis using the immune sera confirmed the haptenic nature of xylitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundimi Sreenath
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore-570020, Karnataka State, India
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Sreenath K, Prabhasankar P, Venkatesh YP. Generation of an antibody specific to erythritol, a non-immunogenic food additive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:861-9. [PMID: 16901854 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600722353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Erythritol, a simple sugar alcohol, is widely used as a food and drug additive owing to its chemical inertness, sweetness and non-toxicity. Adverse reactions to erythritol are rare and only three cases of allergic reactions to foods containing erythritol have been reported. Being inert, erythritol cannot produce an immunological response. In order to explain the mechanism of immunogenicity of erythritol, a method to obtain erythritol epitopes on a carrier protein, which can serve as an immunogen to develop antibodies against erythritol, is described. D-Erythrose was conjugated to bovine serum albumin at pH 8 by reductive amination. The reduction product of the Schiff base of D-erythrose-bovine serum albumin conjugate creates erythritoyl groups. Rabbits immunized with erythritol-bovine serum albumin conjugate (29 haptens/molecule) showed good antibody response (detection of 1 microg antigen, erythritol-keyhole limpet haemocyanin conjugate possessing 50% modified amino groups, at 1 : 50,000 dilution). Anti-erythritol immunoglobulin-G antibodies were purified from the immune serum using hapten-affinity chromatography on an erythritol-keyhole limpet haemocyanin-Sepharose CL-6B affinity matrix. The yield of erythritol-specific antibody was approximately 40 microg ml-1 of rabbit antiserum. Enzyme-linked immunobsorbant assay inhibition studies using sugars, sugar alcohols and L-lysine showed minimal cross-reactivity (approximately 4%) when compared with erythritol; only dithioerythritol showed a cross-reactivity of approximately 33%. D-Threitol and L-threitol (isomers of erythritol) had cross-reactivities of 15 and 11%, respectively. The inhibition studies confirmed the haptenic nature of erythritol and indicated that the erythritoyl group is a single epitope. The reaction scheme outlined here for the generation of erythritol epitopes appears to provide a basis for the immunogenicity of erythritol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sreenath
- Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka State, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize the literature related to the classification of food additives and their reported adverse reactions and to provide a practical approach for evaluation of patients suspected of having such reactions. DATA SOURCES Information was derived from selected reviews and original articles published in peer-reviewed journals and from authoritative textbook chapters, supplemented by the clinical experience of the authors. STUDY SELECTION Priority was given to studies that used blinded, placebo-controlled oral challenges to confirm adverse reactions to food additives. In addition, selected, appropriately evaluated case reports are included. RESULTS A large number of food additives are widely used in the food industry. Adverse reactions to additives seem to be rare but are likely underdiagnosed in part due to a low index of suspicion. Numerous symptoms have been attributed to food additive exposure, but the cause-and-effect relationship has not been well demonstrated in all. CONCLUSIONS Reactions to food additives should be suspected in patients who report symptoms to multiple unrelated foods or to a certain food when commercially prepared but not when homemade and the allergy evaluation rules out a role for food protein. It is also prudent to investigate food additives in patients considered to have idiopathic reactions. There is a minor role for skin testing or in vitro testing. Oral challenge testing with common additives, preferably preceded by a trial of an additive-free diet, is the definitive procedure for detecting the offending agent. Once the specific additive is identified, management is basically avoidance of all its forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Wilson
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA
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Hegde VL, Venkatesh YP. Anaphylaxis to excipient mannitol: evidence for an immunoglobulin E-mediated mechanism. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 34:1602-9. [PMID: 15479277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis to mannitol present naturally in pomegranate and cultivated mushroom in a sensitized subject has been described recently, and an IgE-mediated mechanism to this sugar alcohol has been proposed. The same subject also experienced severe allergic reactions to a chewable pharmaceutical (cisapride drug). OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to identify allergenic component in the pharmaceutical preparation, and also, to understand the mechanism of immediate hypersensitivity to mannitol. METHODS Methodology involved skin prick tests (SPTs), high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of pharmaceutical preparations, separation of mannitol by Ca++-ion-moderated cation-exchange chromatography, preparation of alditol-protein conjugates by reductive amination, SPT using the conjugates, hapten affinity purification of the allergic serum on D-mannitol-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-Sepharose CL-6B, and detection of serum mannitol-specific IgE by ELISA. RESULTS Component testing by SPT, and HPLC analysis of various pharmaceuticals indicated that the excipient mannitol is the causative allergen. Mannitol separated from Cisapid MPS showed allergenic activity by SPT. Among the several conjugates tested by SPT, D-mannitol-bovine serum albumin and D-mannitol-KLH showed positive weal/flare reaction, demonstrating the presence of cell-bound mannitol-specific IgE in vivo. Negative results with D-glucitol, D-galactitol, meso-erythritol, and L-mannitol protein conjugates clearly showed that the mannitol-specific human IgE is very specific to the D-isomer of mannitol. ELISA using the hapten affinity-purified allergic serum was positive, demonstrating the presence of mannitol-specific serum IgE in the allergic subject. CONCLUSION Mannitol, which is widely used as a food and drug additive (excipient), can rarely cause IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. This study is the first one to demonstrate the presence of mannitol-specific human IgE in a sensitized allergic subject to validate an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism for mannitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, India
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Abstract
There are thousands of additives used by the food industry for a variety of purposes in the foods we eat. However, only a small number have been implicated in causing adverse reactions in humans. Although there are reported cases of individuals who have reactions to single additives, most of the medical literature involves patients with asthma or chronic idiopathic urticaria/angioedema whose conditions are exacerbated after ingestion of food additives. Many of these reports are characterized by poorly controlled challenge procedures. Recent studies performed under properly controlled conditions imply that sensitivity to food additives in patients with chronic urticaria/angioedema is very uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Simon
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Venkatesh YP, Hegde VL. A hypothesis for the mechanism of immediate hypersensitivity to mannitol. Allergol Int 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.2003.00295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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