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Er-Rajy M, El Fadili M, Alnajjar R, Zarougui S, Mujwar S, Azzaoui K, Abuelizz HA, Hammouti B, Elhallaoui M. An in-depth study of indolone derivatives as potential lung cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2025; 15:2199. [PMID: 39820391 PMCID: PMC11739386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Herein an attempt to explore the relationship between the properties of indolone derivatives and their anticancer activity was investigated, implementing in silico approaches. Four indolone derivatives with the highest anticancer potential were selected to evaluate their pharmacological properties. The ADMET analysis revealed that these compounds exhibited favourable drug-like properties, meeting nearly all the key pharmacological criteria required for potential therapeutic agents. Molecular docking studies of the most active compounds revealed strong interactions with critical amino acid residues in the PDK1 receptor's binding site, underscoring their potential as effective PDK1 inhibitors. In addition, 200 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of two R and S configurations validated the stability of the ligand-receptor complexes, with minimal structural deviations observed throughout the simulation period. These comprehensive results highlight the potential of the selected indolone derivatives as viable drug candidates and provide a solid foundation for future optimization efforts aimed at developing novel PDK1 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Er-Rajy
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
- Euromed University of Fes, UMF, 30000, Fes, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed El Fadili
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sara Zarougui
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Khalil Azzaoui
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
- Euromed University of Fes, UMF, 30000, Fes, Morocco
| | - Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euromed University of Fes, UMF, 30000, Fes, Morocco
- Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, Energy and the Environment (LI3E) SUPMTI, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Menana Elhallaoui
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Abstract
Sputum cytology is an important step in the early diagnosis of roentgenographically occult lung cancer. It identifies primarily intraepithelial lesions, which are the most common squamous carcinomas not detected by helical CT. Patients at highest risk for lung cancer (eg, heavy smokers with airflow obstruction) should undergo sputum cytology. Patients with premalignant lesions (eg, moderate or severe dysplasia) and of course patients with carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma should receive fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancer usually has a favorable outcome. Today we have the knowledge and technology that can change the outcome of lung cancer through early identification, particularly in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Petty
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80203-3154, USA
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