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Duvall J, Karg P, Brienza D, Pearlman J. Detection and classification methodology for movements in the bed that supports continuous pressure injury risk assessment and repositioning compliance. J Tissue Viability 2018; 28:7-13. [PMID: 30598376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pressure injuries are costly to the healthcare system and mostly preventable, yet incidence rates remain high. Recommendations for improved care and prevention of pressure injuries from the Joint Commission revolve around continuous monitoring of prevention protocols and prompts for the care team. The E-scale is a bed weight monitoring system with load cells placed under the legs of a bed. This study investigated the feasibility of the E-scale system for detecting and classifying movements in bed which are relevant for pressure injury risk assessment using a threshold-based detection algorithm and a K-nearest neighbor classification approach. The E-scale was able to detect and classify four types of movements (rolls, turns in place, extremity movements and assisted turns) with >94% accuracy. This analysis showed that the E-scale could be used to monitor movements in bed, which could be used to prompt the care team when interventions are needed and support research investigating the effectiveness of care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Duvall
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, 6425 Penn Ave, Suite 401, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.
| | - Patricia Karg
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, 6425 Penn Ave, Suite 401, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - David Brienza
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, 6425 Penn Ave, Suite 401, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Jon Pearlman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, 6425 Penn Ave, Suite 401, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
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Padula WV, Gibbons RD, Pronovost PJ, Hedeker D, Mishra MK, Makic MBF, Bridges JFP, Wald HL, Valuck RJ, Ginensky AJ, Ursitti A, Venable LR, Epstein Z, Meltzer DO. Using clinical data to predict high-cost performance coding issues associated with pressure ulcers: a multilevel cohort model. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017; 24:e95-e102. [PMID: 27539199 PMCID: PMC7651933 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) have a mortality rate of 11.6%, are costly to treat, and result in Medicare reimbursement penalties. Medicare codes HAPUs according to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient-Safety Indicator 3 (PSI-03), but they are sometimes inappropriately coded. The objective is to use electronic health records to predict pressure ulcers and to identify coding issues leading to penalties. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated all hospitalized patient electronic medical records at an academic medical center data repository between 2011 and 2014. These data contained patient encounter level demographic variables, diagnoses, prescription drugs, and provider orders. HAPUs were defined by PSI-03: stages III, IV, or unstageable pressure ulcers not present on admission as a secondary diagnosis, excluding cases of paralysis. Random forests reduced data dimensionality. Multilevel logistic regression of patient encounters evaluated associations between covariates and HAPU incidence. RESULTS The approach produced a sample population of 21 153 patients with 1549 PSI-03 cases. The greatest odds ratio (OR) of HAPU incidence was among patients diagnosed with spinal cord injury (ICD-9 907.2: OR = 14.3; P < .001), and 71% of spinal cord injuries were not properly coded for paralysis, leading to a PSI-03 flag. Other high ORs included bed confinement (ICD-9 V49.84: OR = 3.1, P < .001) and provider-ordered pre-albumin lab (OR = 2.5, P < .001). DISCUSSION This analysis identifies spinal cord injuries as high risk for HAPUs and as being often inappropriately coded without paralysis, leading to PSI-03 flags. The resulting statistical model can be tested to predict HAPUs during hospitalization. CONCLUSION Inappropriate coding of conditions leads to poor hospital performance measures and Medicare reimbursement penalties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V Padula
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Gibbons
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Pronovost
- Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Critical Care and Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manish K Mishra
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - John FP Bridges
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi L Wald
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert J Valuck
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David O Meltzer
- Section of Hospital Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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McNichol L, Watts C, Mackey D, Beitz JM, Gray M. Identifying the right surface for the right patient at the right time: generation and content validation of an algorithm for support surface selection. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2015; 42:19-37. [PMID: 25549306 PMCID: PMC4845766 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Support surfaces are an integral component of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment, but there is insufficient evidence to guide clinical decision making in this area. In an effort to provide clinical guidance for selecting support surfaces based on individual patient needs, the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN®) set out to develop an evidence- and consensus-based algorithm. A Task Force of clinical experts was identified who: 1) reviewed the literature and identified evidence for support surface use in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers; 2) developed supporting statements for essential components for the algorithm, 3) developed a draft algorithm for support surface selection; and 4) determined its face validity. A consensus panel of 20 key opinion leaders was then convened that: 1.) reviewed the draft algorithm and supporting statements, 2.) reached consensus on statements lacking robust supporting evidence, 3.) modified the draft algorithm and evaluated its content validity. The Content Validity Index (CVI) for the algorithm was strong (0.95 out of 1.0) with an overall mean score of 3.72 (out of 1 to 4), suggesting that the steps were appropriate to the purpose of the algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence and consensus based algorithm for support surface selection that has undergone content validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie McNichol
- Laurie McNichol, MSN, RN, GNP, CWOCN, CWON-AP, Clinical Nurse Specialist and WOC Nurse, Cone Health, Wesley Long Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina
- Carolyn Watts, MSN, RN, CWON, CBPN-IC, Senior Associate in Surgery, Clinical Nurse Specialist, WOC Nurse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Dianne Mackey, MSN, RN, CWOCN, Staff Educator, Chair, National Wound Management Sourcing and Standards Team, Home Health/Hospice/Palliative Care, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN, CRNP, APN-C, FAAN, Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing – Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
- Mikel Gray, PhD, PNP, FNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Professor and Nurse Practitioner, Department of Urology and School of Nursing, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Carolyn Watts
- Laurie McNichol, MSN, RN, GNP, CWOCN, CWON-AP, Clinical Nurse Specialist and WOC Nurse, Cone Health, Wesley Long Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina
- Carolyn Watts, MSN, RN, CWON, CBPN-IC, Senior Associate in Surgery, Clinical Nurse Specialist, WOC Nurse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Dianne Mackey, MSN, RN, CWOCN, Staff Educator, Chair, National Wound Management Sourcing and Standards Team, Home Health/Hospice/Palliative Care, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN, CRNP, APN-C, FAAN, Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing – Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
- Mikel Gray, PhD, PNP, FNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Professor and Nurse Practitioner, Department of Urology and School of Nursing, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dianne Mackey
- Laurie McNichol, MSN, RN, GNP, CWOCN, CWON-AP, Clinical Nurse Specialist and WOC Nurse, Cone Health, Wesley Long Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina
- Carolyn Watts, MSN, RN, CWON, CBPN-IC, Senior Associate in Surgery, Clinical Nurse Specialist, WOC Nurse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Dianne Mackey, MSN, RN, CWOCN, Staff Educator, Chair, National Wound Management Sourcing and Standards Team, Home Health/Hospice/Palliative Care, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN, CRNP, APN-C, FAAN, Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing – Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
- Mikel Gray, PhD, PNP, FNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Professor and Nurse Practitioner, Department of Urology and School of Nursing, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Janice M. Beitz
- Laurie McNichol, MSN, RN, GNP, CWOCN, CWON-AP, Clinical Nurse Specialist and WOC Nurse, Cone Health, Wesley Long Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina
- Carolyn Watts, MSN, RN, CWON, CBPN-IC, Senior Associate in Surgery, Clinical Nurse Specialist, WOC Nurse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Dianne Mackey, MSN, RN, CWOCN, Staff Educator, Chair, National Wound Management Sourcing and Standards Team, Home Health/Hospice/Palliative Care, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN, CRNP, APN-C, FAAN, Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing – Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
- Mikel Gray, PhD, PNP, FNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Professor and Nurse Practitioner, Department of Urology and School of Nursing, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mikel Gray
- Correspondence: Mikel Gray, PhD, PNP, FNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Department of Urology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800422, Charlottesville, VA 22908 ()
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Lindholm C, Sterner E, Romanelli M, Pina E, Torra y Bou J, Hietanen H, Iivanainen A, Gunningberg L, Hommel A, Klang B, Dealey C. Hip fracture and pressure ulcers - the Pan-European Pressure Ulcer Study - intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Int Wound J 2008; 5:315-28. [PMID: 18494637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2008.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PU) in patients with hip fracture remain a problem. Incidence of between 8.8% and 55% have been reported. There are few studies focusing on the specific patient-, surgery- and care-related risk indicators in this group. The aims of the study were: - to investigate prevalence and incidence of PU upon arrival and at discharge from hospital and to identify potential intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for development of PU in patients admitted for hip fracture surgery, - to illuminate potential differences in patient logistics, surgery, PU prevalence and incidence and care between Northern and Southern Europe. Consecutive patients with hip fracture in six countries, Sweden, Finland, UK (North) and Spain, Italy and Portugal (South), were included. The patients were followed from Accident and Emergency Department and until discharge or 7 days. Prevalence, PU at discharge and incidence were investigated, and intrinsic and extrinsic risk indicators, including waiting time for surgery and duration of surgery were recorded. Of the 635 patients, 10% had PU upon arrival and 22% at discharge (26% North and 16% South). The majority of ulcers were grade 1 and none was grade 4. Cervical fractures were more common in the North and trochanteric in the South. Waiting time for surgery and duration of surgery were significantly longer in the South. Traction was more common in the South and perioperative warming in the North. Risk factors of statistical significance correlated to PU at discharge were age >or=71 (P = 0.020), dehydration (P = 0.005), moist skin (P = 0.004) and total Braden score (P = 0.050) as well as subscores for friction (P = 0.020), nutrition (P = 0.020) and sensory perception (P = 0.040). Comorbid conditions of statistical significance for development of PU were diabetes (P = 0.005) and pulmonary disease (P = 0.006). Waiting time for surgery, duration of surgery, warming or non warming perioperatively, type of anaesthesia, traction and type of fracture were not significantly correlated with development of PU.
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