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Sugii S, Wong CYQ, Lwin AKO, Chew LJM. Alternative fat: redefining adipocytes for biomanufacturing cultivated meat. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:686-700. [PMID: 36117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular agriculture provides a potentially sustainable way of producing cultivated meat as an alternative protein source. In addition to muscle and connective tissue, fat is an important component of animal meat that contributes to taste, texture, tenderness, and nutritional profiles. However, while the biology of fat cells (adipocytes) is well studied, there is a lack of investigation on how adipocytes from agricultural species are isolated, produced, and incorporated as food constituents. Recently we compiled all protocols related to generation and analysis of adipose progenitors from bovine, porcine, chicken, other livestock and seafood species. In this review we summarize recent developments and present key scientific questions and challenges that need to be addressed in order to advance the biomanufacture of 'alternative fat'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sugii
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
| | - Cheryl Yeh Qi Wong
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Angela Khin Oo Lwin
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Lamony Jian Ming Chew
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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