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Geng L, Li M, Xie S, Wang H, He X, Sun N, Zhang G, Ye L. HvBGlu3, a GH1 β-glucosidase enzyme gene, negatively influences β-glucan content in barley grains. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:14. [PMID: 38165440 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE HvBGlu3, a β-glucosidase enzyme gene, negatively influences β-glucan content in barley grains by mediating starch and sucrose metabolism in developing grains. Barley grains are rich in β-glucan, an important factor affecting end-use quality. Previously, we identified several stable marker-trait associations (MTAs) and novel candidate genes associated with β-glucan content in barley grains using GWAS (Genome Wide Association Study) analysis. The gene HORVU3Hr1G096910, encoding β-glucosidase 3, named HvBGlu3, is found to be associated with β-glucan content in barley grains. In this study, conserved domain analysis suggested that HvBGlu3 belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1). Gene knockout assay revealed that HvBGlu3 negatively influenced β-glucan content in barley grains. Transcriptome analysis of developing grains of hvbglu3 mutant and the wild type indicated that the knockout of the gene led to the increased expression level of genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. Glucose metabolism analysis showed that the contents of many sugars in developing grains were significantly changed in hvbglu3 mutants. In conclusion, HvBGlu3 modulates β-glucan content in barley grains by mediating starch and sucrose metabolism in developing grains. The obtained results may be useful for breeders to breed elite barley cultivars for food use by screening barley lines with loss of function of HvBGlu3 in barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Geng
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shanggeng Xie
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyi He
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China.
- New Rural Development Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Prins A, Kosik O. Genetic Approaches to Increase Arabinoxylan and β-Glucan Content in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3216. [PMID: 37765380 PMCID: PMC10534680 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the three staple crops feeding the world. The demand for wheat is ever increasing as a relatively good source of protein, energy, nutrients, and dietary fiber (DF) when consumed as wholemeal. Arabinoxylan and β-glucan are the major hemicelluloses in the cell walls and dietary fiber in wheat grains. The amount and structure of DF varies between grain tissues. Reducing post-prandial glycemic response as well as intestinal transit time and contribution to increased fecal bulk are only a few benefits of DF consumption. Dietary fiber is fermented in the colon and stimulates growth of beneficial bacteria producing SCFA, considered responsible for a wide range of health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease and colon cancer. The recommended daily intake of 25-30 g is met by only few individuals. Cereals cover nearly 40% of fiber in the Western diet. Therefore, wheat is a good target for improving dietary fiber content, as it would increase the fiber intake and simultaneously impact the health of many people. This review reflects the current status of the research on genetics of the two major dietary fiber components, as well as breeding approaches used to improve their quantity and quality in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Prins
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK;
| | - Ondrej Kosik
- Department of Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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3
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Li M, Cai K, Zheng N, Zhang G, Ye L. Identification of the Key Transcription Factors Regulating the Expression of the Genes Associated with Barley Malt Quality during Malting. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8241-8251. [PMID: 37192323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley malt is produced through a malting process; it begins with steeping followed by germination and kilning, in which dramatic changes happen for a large number of physiological and biochemical traits in barley seeds. The objectives of this study were to comprehensively investigate the phenotypic changes during malting, and identify the key regulators that modulate the expression of genes associated with malt quality traits. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between gibberellic acid (GA) content and the activities of some hydrolytic enzymes, including α-amylases, β-amylases, and limit dextrinase (LD), and a significant negative correlation between GA and β-glucan content. Starch content had little change, but starch granules were pitted severely during malting. Weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA) identified the genes associated with the greatest changes of the examined malt traits during malting. The correlation analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis detected several key transcriptional factor (TF) regulating genes associated with malt quality. These genes and TFs regulating malting traits are potentially useful in barley breeding for malt quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kangfeng Cai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nannan Zheng
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
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4
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Trubacheeva NV, Pershina LA. Problems and possibilities of studying malting quality in barley using molecular genetic approaches. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:171-177. [PMID: 34901715 PMCID: PMC8627870 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
About one-third of the world’s barley crop is used for malt production to meet the needs of the brewing
industry. In this regard, the study of the genetic basis of malting quality traits and the breeding of malting barley
varieties that are adaptive to their growing conditions are relevant throughout the world, particularly in the Russian Federation, where the cultivation and use of foreign malting varieties of barley prevails. The main parameters
of malting quality (artificially germinated and dried barley grains) are malt extract, diastatic power, Kolbach index,
viscosity, grain protein, wort β-glucan, free amino nitrogen, and soluble protein content. Most of these components
are under the control of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are affected by environmental conditions, which complicates their study and precise localization. In addition, the phenotypic assessment of malting quality traits requires
elaborate, expensive phenotypic analyses. Currently, there are more than 200 QTLs associated with malting parameters, which were identified using biparental mapping populations. Molecular markers are widely used both for
mapping QTL loci responsible for malting quality traits and for performing marker-assisted selection (MAS), which,
in combination with conventional breeding, makes it possible to create effective strategies aimed at accelerating
the process of obtaining new promising genotypes. Nevertheless, the MAS of malting quality traits faces a series of
difficulties, such as the low accuracy of localization of QTLs, their ineffectiveness when transferred to another genetic background, and linkage with undesirable traits, which makes it necessary to validate QTLs and the molecular
markers linked to them. This review presents the results of studies that used MAS to improve the malting quality of
barley, and it also considers studies that searched for associations between genotype and phenotype, carried out
using GWAS (genome-wide association study) approaches based on the latest achievements of high-throughput
genotyping (diversity array technology (DArT) and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs)).
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Trubacheeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Genomics Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L A Pershina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Genomics Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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5
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Geng L, Li M, Xie S, Wu D, Ye L, Zhang G. Identification of genetic loci and candidate genes related to β-glucan content in barley grain by genome-wide association study in International Barley Core Selected Collection. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:6. [PMID: 37309529 PMCID: PMC10236047 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-020-01199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
β-glucan is an important trait to be improved in barley breeding programs, as it greatly affects the quality of the end products when barley grains are used as raw material of feed or malt production or consumed as food for human. Although the genes associated with β-glucan synthesis have been identified, genetic regulation of β-glucan accumulation in barley grains is still completely unclear. In this study, 100 accessions from International Barley Core Selected Collection (BCS) were planted in two environments for two consecutive years to determine the genotypic variation of grain β-glucan content. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 14 stable marker-trait associations (MTAs) (-Log10(P)> 4) for grain β-glucan content. Significantly positive correlation was found between grain β-glucan content and the number of favorable alleles of 14 stable MTAs. Seven putative candidate genes encoding some enzymes in glucose metabolism were found to be associated with β-glucan content. One of the putative genes, HORVU6Hr1G088380, could be an important gene controlling barely β-glucan content, with the SNPs being closely linked in all tested accessions and divided into two haplotypes. High resolution melting (HRM) analysis of the first SNP suggested that the HRM-SNP marker is valid for marker-assisted selection in barley breeding. This study provides useful information for the genes and markers related to grain β-glucan content in barley. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-020-01199-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Geng
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shanggeng Xie
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000 China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000 China
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6
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The influence of breeding history, origin and growth type on population structure of barley as revealed by SSR markers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19165. [PMID: 33154389 PMCID: PMC7645596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and mass selection during domestication and cultivation favored particular traits of interest in barley. In the present study, population structure, and genetic relationships among 144 accessions of barley landraces and breeding materials from various countries were studied using a set of 77 and 72 EST-SSR and gSSR markers, respectively distributed on seven chromosomes of barley. In total, 262 and 429 alleles were amplified in 77 EST-SSRs and 72 gSSR loci, respectively. Out of which, 185 private/group-specific alleles were identified in the landraces compared with 14 in "cultivar and advanced breeding lines", indicating the possibility to introgress favorite alleles from landraces into breeding materials. Comparative analysis of genetic variation among breeding materials, Iranian landraces, and exotic landraces revealed higher genetic diversity in Iranian landraces compared with others. A total of 37, 15, and 14 private/group-specific alleles were identified in Iranian landraces, exotic landraces, and breeding materials, respectively. The most likely groups for 144 barley genotypes were three as inferred using model- and distance-based clustering as well as principal coordinate analysis which assigned the landraces and breeding materials into separate groups. The distribution of alleles was found to be correlated with population structure, domestication history and eco-geographical factors. The high allelic richness in the studied set of barley genotype provides insights into the available diversity and allows the construction of core groups based on maximizing allelic diversity for use in barley breeding programs.
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Goddard R, de Vos S, Steed A, Muhammed A, Thomas K, Griggs D, Ridout C, Nicholson P. Mapping of agronomic traits, disease resistance and malting quality in a wide cross of two-row barley cultivars. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219042. [PMID: 31314759 PMCID: PMC6636724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide crosses between genetically diverged parents may reveal novel loci for crop improvement that are not apparent in crosses between elite cultivars. The landrace Chevallier was a noted malting barley first grown in 1820. To identify potentially novel alleles for agronomic traits, Chevallier was crossed with the modern malting cultivar NFC Tipple generating two genetically diverse recombinant inbred line populations. Genetic maps were produced using genotyping-by-sequencing and 384-SNP genotyping, and the populations were phenotyped for agronomic traits to allow the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Within the semi-dwarf 1 (sdw1) region on chromosome 3H Chevallier conferred increased plant height and reduced tiller number, with QTL for these traits explaining 79.4% and 35.2% of the phenotypic variance observed, respectively. Chevallier was also associated with powdery mildew susceptibility, with a QTL on 1H accounting for up to 19.1% of the variance and resistance at this locus most likely resulting from an Mla variant from Tipple. Two novel QTL for physiological leaf spotting were identified on 3H and 7H, explaining up to 17.1% of the variance and with the Chevallier allele reducing symptom severity on 7H. Preliminary micromalting analysis was also undertaken to compare the malting characteristics of Chevallier and Tipple. Chevallier malt contained significantly lower levels of both α-amylase and wort β-glucan than Tipple malt, however no significant differences were observed for the remaining malting parameters measured. This suggests that the most obvious improvements in barley since the introduction of Chevallier are for agronomic traits such as height, yield and lodging resistance rather than for malting characteristics. Overall, our results demonstrate that this wide cross between Chevallier and Tipple may provide a source of novel QTL for barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Goddard
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
- * E-mail: (RG); (PN)
| | - Sarah de Vos
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
| | - Andrew Steed
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
| | - Amal Muhammed
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, England
| | - Keith Thomas
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, England
- Brewlab Ltd, Sunderland Enterprise Park, Sunderland, England
| | - David Griggs
- Crisp Malting Group Ltd, Fakenham, Norfolk, England
| | - Christopher Ridout
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
- * E-mail: (RG); (PN)
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8
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Fang Y, Zhang X, Xue D. Genetic Analysis and Molecular Breeding Applications of Malting Quality QTLs in Barley. Front Genet 2019; 10:352. [PMID: 31068969 PMCID: PMC6491634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malting quality is an important determinant of the value of barley grain used in malting and brewing. With recent sequencing and assembling of the barley genome, an increasing number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes related to malting quality have been identified and cloned, which lays a good molecular genetic basis for barley quality improvement. In this review, we describe the following indicators of malting quality: malt extract (ME), diastatic power (DP), kolbach index (KI), wort viscosity (VIS), free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, soluble protein (SP) content, wort β-glucan (WBG) content, and protein content (PC), and have list related QTLs/genes with high phenotypic variation in multiple populations or environments. Meanwhile, the correlations among the quality parameters and parts of significant indicators suitable for improvement are discussed based on nutrient composition and content required for high-quality malt, which will provide reference for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) of malting quality in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Wang J, Yang J, Hua W, Wu X, Zhu J, Shang Y, Zhou M. QTL Mapping Reveals the Relationship between Pasting Properties and Malt Extract in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113559. [PMID: 30424480 PMCID: PMC6275068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasting properties are important characteristics of barley starch from a processing standpoint. Many studies reported the close relationship between pasting properties and malting quality, especially malt extract. However, most conclusions were derived from the correlation between pasting properties and malting quality using a set of cultivars or breeding lines. In this study, a doubled haploid population of 150 lines from a cross between a Japanese malting barley and a Chinese feed barley was grown in four different environments (two sites × two years). Based on average values from all different environments, 17 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for pasting properties. The genetic variance explained by these QTL varied from 7.0 to 23.2%. Most QTL controlling pasting properties were located on 1H, 2H, 5H, and 7H. Results confirmed the linkage between pasting properties and malt extract, with most of the QTL for pasting properties becoming nonsignificant when using malt extract as a covariate. Breakdown showed the closest correlation with malt extract. Molecular markers closely linked to the QTL can be used to select desired pasting properties to improve malting quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Wang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Jinghuan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianming Yang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Jinghuan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Jinghuan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Jinghuan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jinghuan Zhu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Jinghuan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yi Shang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Jinghuan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 6250, Australia.
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10
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Aubert MK, Coventry S, Shirley NJ, Betts NS, Würschum T, Burton RA, Tucker MR. Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:11025. [PMID: 30038399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29068-29064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Aubert
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stewart Coventry
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Neil J Shirley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie S Betts
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Tobias Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rachel A Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
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11
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Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:11025. [PMID: 30038399 PMCID: PMC6056469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity.
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12
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Pauli D, Brown-Guedira G, Blake TK. Identification of Malting Quality QTLs in Advanced Generation Breeding Germplasm. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2015-0129-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duke Pauli
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Plant Science Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - Thomas K. Blake
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman
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13
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Wang Q, Sun G, Ren X, Wang J, Du B, Li C, Sun D. Detection of QTLs for seedling characteristics in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under hydroponic culture condition. BMC Genet 2017; 18:94. [PMID: 29115942 PMCID: PMC5678765 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seedling characteristics play significant roles in the growth and development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), including stable stand establishment, water and nutrients uptake, biotic resistance and abiotic stresses, and can influence yield and quality. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying seedling characteristics in barley are largely unknown and little research has been done. In the present work, 21 seedling-related characteristics are assessed in a barley double haploid (DH) population, grown under hydroponic conditions. Of them, leaf age (LAG), shoot height (SH), maximum root length (MRL), main root number (MRN) and seedling fresh weight (SFW) were investigated at the 13th, 20th, 27th, and 34th day after germination. The objectives were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying these seedling characteristics using a high-density linkage map and to reveal the QTL expression pattern by comparing the QTLs among four different seedling growth stages. RESULTS A total of 70 QTLs were distributed over all chromosomes except 4H, and, individually, accounted for 5.01%-77.78% of phenotypic variation. Out of the 70 detected QTLs, 23 showed a major effect on 14 seedling-related characteristics. Ten co-localized chromosomal regions on 2H (five regions), 3H (two regions) and 7H (three regions) involved 39 QTLs (55.71%), each simultaneously influenced more than one trait. Meanwhile, 9 co-localized genomic regions involving 22 QTLs for five seedling characteristics (LAG, SH, MRL, MRN and SFW) at the 13th, 20th, 27th and 34th day-old seedling were common for two or more growth stages of seedling. QTL in the vicinity of Vrs1 locus on chromosome 2H with the favorable alleles from Huadamai 6 was found to have the largest main effects on multiple seedling-related traits. CONCLUSIONS Six QTL cluster regions associated with 16 seedling-related characteristics were observed on chromosome 2H, 3H and 7H. The majority of the 29 regions identified for five seedling characteristics were selectively expressed at different developmental stages. The genetic effects of 9 consecutive expression regions displayed different developmental influences at different developmental stages. These findings enhanced our understanding of a genetic basis underlying seedling characteristics in barley. Some QTLs detected here could be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Genlou Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Biology Department, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jibin Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Binbin Du
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Agriculture & Food/Agricultural Research Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6155 Australia
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025 China
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14
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Genetic analysis of barley for Shochu quality. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Cory AT, Gangola MP, Anyia A, Båga M, Chibbar RN. Genotype, environment and G × E interaction influence (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan fine structure in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:743-752. [PMID: 27145288 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure of β-glucan influences its use in cereal-based foods and feed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environment (E) and genotype (G) on β-glucan fine structure and its genetic control in two-row spring barley with normal starch characteristics. RESULTS A population of 89 recombinant inbred lines, derived from the cross of two-row spring barley genotypes Merit × H93174006 (H92076F1 × TR238), was characterized for concentration and structure of grain β-glucan in two environments. Results showed that concentrations of β-glucan, DP3, DP4 and DP3 + DP4 were positively correlated with each other, suggesting no preference for DP3 or DP4 subunit production in high- or low-β-glucan lines. The concentrations of β-glucan, DP3, DP4 and DP3:DP4 ratios were significantly influenced by genotype and environment. However, only DP3:DP4 ratio showed a significant effect of G × E interaction. Association mapping of candidate markers in 119 barley genotypes showed that marker CSLF6_4105 was associated with β-glucan concentration, whereas Bmac504 and Bmac211 were associated with DP3:DP4 ratio. Bmac273e was associated with both β-glucan concentration and DP3:DP4 ratio. CONCLUSION The grain β-glucan concentration and DP3:DP4 ratio are strongly affected by genotype and environment. Single-marker analyses suggested that the genetic control of β-glucan concentration and DP3:DP4 ratio was linked to separate chromosomal regions on barley genome. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron T Cory
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Manu P Gangola
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Anthony Anyia
- Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures, Vegreville, Alberta, Canada
| | - Monica Båga
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Ravindra N Chibbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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16
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Looseley ME, Bayer M, Bull H, Ramsay L, Thomas W, Booth A, De La Fuente Canto C, Morris J, Hedley PE, Russell J. Association Mapping of Diastatic Power in UK Winter and Spring Barley by Exome Sequencing of Phenotypically Contrasting Variety Sets. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1566. [PMID: 28955358 PMCID: PMC5601066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diastatic Power (DP) is an important quality trait for malt used in adjunct brewing and distilling. Substantial genetic variation for DP exists within UK elite barley cultivars, but breeding progress has been slow due to the limited demand, compared to the overall barley market, and difficulties in assessing DP. Estimates of DP (taken from recommended and national list trials between 1994 and 2012) from a collection of UK elite winter and spring varieties were used to identify contrasting sets of high and low DP varieties. DNA samples were pooled within sets and exome capture sequencing performed. Allele frequency estimates of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from the sequencing were used to identify genomic locations associated with differences in DP. Individual genotypes were generated from a set of custom KASP assays, both within sets and in a wider germplasm collection, to validate allele frequency estimates and marker associations with DP. QTL identified regions previously linked to variation in DP as well as novel associations. QTL colocalised with a number of genes annotated as having a diastase related function. Results indicate that winter barley is more genetically diverse for genes influencing DP. The marker assays produced by this work represent a resource that is available for immediate use by barley breeders in the production of new high DP varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Looseley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
- *Correspondence: Mark E. Looseley
| | - Micha Bayer
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
| | - Hazel Bull
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
| | - William Thomas
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
| | - Allan Booth
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
| | | | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
| | - Joanne Russell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, Scotland
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17
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Cu S, Collins HM, Betts NS, March TJ, Janusz A, Stewart DC, Skadhauge B, Eglinton J, Kyriacou B, Little A, Burton RA, Fincher GB. Water uptake in barley grain: Physiology; genetics and industrial applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 242:260-269. [PMID: 26566843 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water uptake by mature barley grains initiates germination and is the first stage in the malting process. Here we have investigated the effects of starchy endosperm cell wall thickness on water uptake, together with the effects of varying amounts of the wall polysaccharide, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan. In the latter case, we examined mutant barley lines from a mutant library and transgenic barley lines in which the (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase gene, HvCslF6, was down-regulated by RNA interference. Neither cell wall thickness nor the levels of grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan were significantly correlated with water uptake but are likely to influence modification during malting. However, when a barley mapping population was phenotyped for rate of water uptake into grain, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified specific regions of chromosomes 4H, 5H and 7H that accounted for approximately 17%, 18% and 11%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation. These data indicate that variation in water uptake rates by elite malting cultivars of barley is genetically controlled and a number of candidate genes that might control the trait were identified under the QTL. The genomics data raise the possibility that the genetic variation in water uptake rates might be exploited by breeders for the benefit of the malting and brewing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong Cu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Helen M Collins
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Natalie S Betts
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Timothy J March
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Janusz
- Cargill Malt, Cargill, 65 Magill Road, Stepney SA 5069, Australia
| | - Doug C Stewart
- Coopers Brewery, 461 South Rd, Regency Park SA 5010, Australia
| | - Birgitte Skadhauge
- Carlsberg Group Research, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Jason Eglinton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Bianca Kyriacou
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Alan Little
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Geoffrey B Fincher
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
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18
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Wang J, Yang J, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Jia Q, Hua W, Shang Y, Li C, Zhou M. Mapping a major QTL for malt extract of barley from a cross between TX9425 × Naso Nijo. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:943-52. [PMID: 25773294 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One major QTL-controlling malt extract was identified on 2H, based on the data from four different environments and a large number of DH lines, determining 48% of phenotypic variation. This QTL is of a high value for marker-assisted selection. Improving malting quality traits is one of the major breeding objectives for barley breeding programmes. Among different quality traits, malt extract is one of the most important, determining the yield of beer production. The use of molecular markers linked to loci affecting the quality traits can greatly improve selection efficiency. However, the discovery of closely linked markers relies on not only the availability of the loci, but the accuracy of phenotyping. In this experiment, 188 doubled-haploid lines derived from the cross between a Japanese malting barley and a Chinese feed barley were grown in four different environments (two sites × 2 years). Different quality traits were determined and used to map QTL for these traits. Several QTLs were identified for different quality traits. One major QTL-controlling malt extract was identified on 2H and determined 48% of phenotypic variation with the closest marker of GBM1121. This QTL was consistently expressed in all four environments and is of a high value for marker-assisted selection in malting barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Wang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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19
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Houston K, Russell J, Schreiber M, Halpin C, Oakey H, Washington JM, Booth A, Shirley N, Burton RA, Fincher GB, Waugh R. A genome wide association scan for (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in the grain of contemporary 2-row Spring and Winter barleys. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:907. [PMID: 25326272 PMCID: PMC4213503 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background (1,3;1,4)-β-Glucan is an important component of the cell walls of barley grain as it affects processability during the production of alcoholic beverages and has significant human health benefits when consumed above recommended threshold levels. This leads to diametrically opposed quality requirements for different applications as low levels of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan are required for brewing and distilling and high levels for positive impacts on human health. Results We quantified grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in a collection of 399 2-row Spring-type, and 204 2-row Winter-type elite barley cultivars originating mainly from north western Europe. We combined these data with genotypic information derived using a 9 K Illumina iSelect SNP platform and subsequently carried out a Genome Wide Association Scan (GWAS). Statistical analysis accounting for residual genetic structure within the germplasm collection allowed us to identify significant associations between molecular markers and the phenotypic data. By anchoring the regions that contain these associations to the barley genome assembly we catalogued genes underlying the associations. Based on gene annotations and transcript abundance data we identified candidate genes. Conclusions We show that a region of the genome on chromosome 2 containing a cluster of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE (Csl) genes, including CslF3, CslF4, CslF8, CslF10, CslF12 and CslH, as well as a region on chromosome 1H containing CslF9, are associated with the phenotype in this germplasm. We also observed that several regions identified by GWAS contain glycoside hydrolases that are possibly involved in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan breakdown, together with other genes that might participate in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis, re-modelling or regulation. This analysis provides new opportunities for understanding the genes related to the regulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in cereal grains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-907) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robbie Waugh
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland.
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20
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Alimi NA, Bink MCAM, Dieleman JA, Magán JJ, Wubs AM, Palloix A, van Eeuwijk FA. Multi-trait and multi-environment QTL analyses of yield and a set of physiological traits in pepper. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:2597-625. [PMID: 23903631 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A mixed model framework was defined for QTL analysis of multiple traits across multiple environments for a RIL population in pepper. Detection power for QTLs increased considerably and detailed study of QTL by environment interactions and pleiotropy was facilitated. For many agronomic crops, yield is measured simultaneously with other traits across multiple environments. The study of yield can benefit from joint analysis with other traits and relations between yield and other traits can be exploited to develop indirect selection strategies. We compare the performance of three multi-response QTL approaches based on mixed models: a multi-trait approach (MT), a multi-environment approach (ME), and a multi-trait multi-environment approach (MTME). The data come from a multi-environment experiment in pepper, for which 15 traits were measured in four environments. The approaches were compared in terms of number of QTLs detected for each trait, the explained variance, and the accuracy of prediction for the final QTL model. For the four environments together, the superior MTME approach delivered a total of 47 regions containing putative QTLs. Many of these QTLs were pleiotropic and showed quantitative QTL by environment interaction. MTME was superior to ME and MT in the number of QTLs, the explained variance and accuracy of predictions. The large number of model parameters in the MTME approach was challenging and we propose several guidelines to help obtain a stable final QTL model. The results confirmed the feasibility and strengths of novel mixed model QTL methodology to study the architecture of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Alimi
- Biometris-Wageningen University & Research Centre, P. O. Box 100, 6700 AC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Walker CK, Ford R, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Panozzo JF. The detection of QTLs in barley associated with endosperm hardness, grain density, grain size and malting quality using rapid phenotyping tools. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:2533-51. [PMID: 23884598 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Using a barley mapping population, 'Vlamingh' × 'Buloke' (V × B), whole grain analyses were undertaken for physical seed traits and malting quality. Grain density and size were predicted by digital image analysis (DIA), while malt extract and protein content were predicted using near infrared (NIR) analysis. Validation of DIA and NIR algorithms confirmed that data for QTL analysis was highly correlated (R (2) > 0.82), with high RPD values (the ratio of the standard error of prediction to the standard deviation, 2.31-9.06). Endosperm hardness was measured on this mapping population using the single kernel characterisation system. Grain density and endosperm hardness were significantly inter-correlated in all three environments (r > 0.22, P < 0.001); however, other grain components were found to interact with the traits. QTL for these traits were also found on different genomic regions, for example, grain density QTLs were found on chromosomes 2H and 6H, whereas endosperm hardness QTLs were found on 1H, 5H, and 7H. In this study, the majority of the genomic regions associated with grain texture were also coincident with QTLs for grain size, yield, flowering date and/or plant development genes. This study highlights the complexity of genomic regions associated with the variation of endosperm hardness and grain density, and their relationships with grain size traits, agronomic-related traits, and plant development loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra K Walker
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia,
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22
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Genetic markers for CslF6 gene associated with (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan concentration in barley grain. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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McLean MS, Howlett BJ, Turkington TK, Platz GJ, Hollaway GJ. Spot Form of Net Blotch Resistance in a Diverse Set of Barley Lines in Australia and Canada. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:569-576. [PMID: 30727433 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-11-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The responses of 95 barley lines and cultivars to spot form of net blotch (SFNB) caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata were analyzed as seedlings and adults in Australia and Canada. Cluster analyses revealed complex reaction responses. Only 2 lines (Esperance Orge 289 and TR3189) were resistant to all isolates at the seedling stage, whereas 15 lines and cultivars (81-82/033, Arimont, BYDV-018, CBSS97M00855T-B2-M1-Y1-M2-Y-1M-0Y, CI9776, Keel, Sloop, Torrens, TR326, VB0111, Yarra, VB0229, WI-2477, WI2553, and Wisconsin Pedigree) were resistant toward the two Canadian isolates and mixture of Australian isolates at the adult stages. In Australian field experiments, the effectiveness of SFNB resistance in three barley cultivars (Barque, Cowabbie, and Schooner) and one breeding line (VB9104) with a different source of resistance was tested. Barque, which possessed a resistance gene that provided complete resistance to SFNB, was the most effective and showed no effect on grain yield or quality in the presence of inoculum. Generally, cultivars with seedling or adult resistance had less disease and better grain quality than the susceptible control, Dash, but they were not as effective as Barque. A preliminary differential set of 19 barley lines and cultivars for P. teres f. maculata is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S McLean
- BioSciences Research, Department of Primary Industries, Horsham, VIC, 3401, Australia, and School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - T Kelly Turkington
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Greg J Platz
- Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Warwick, QLD, 4370, Australia
| | - Grant J Hollaway
- BioSciences Research, Department of Primary Industries, Horsham, Australia
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Walker C, Panozzo J. Development of a small scale method to determine volume and density of individual barley kernels, and the relationship between grain density and endosperm hardness. J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Duke SH, Henson CA. Tracking the Progress of Congress Mashing with Osmolyte Concentration and Malt Extract Value in North American Barley Cultivars and Relationships between Wort Osmolyte Concentration, Malt Extract Value, and ASBC Measures of Malt Quality. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2010-1210-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Walker CK, Panozzo JF, Ford R, Eckermann P, Moody D, Lehmensiek A, Appels R. Chromosomal loci associated with endosperm hardness in a malting barley cross. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:151-162. [PMID: 20830465 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A breeding objective for the malting barley industry is to produce lines with softer, plumper grain containing moderate protein content (9-12%) as they are more likely to imbibe water readily and contain more starch per grain, which in turn produces higher levels of malt extract. In a malting barley mapping population, 'Arapiles' × 'Franklin', the most significant and robust quantitative trait locus (QTL) for endosperm hardness was observed on the short arm of chromosome 1H, across three environments over two growing seasons. This accounted for 22.6% (Horsham 2000), 26.8% (Esperance 2001), and 12.0% (Tarranyurk 2001) of the genetic variance and significantly increased endosperm hardness by 2.06-3.03 SKCS hardness units. Interestingly, Arapiles and Franklin do not vary in Ha locus alleles. Therefore, this region, near the centromere on chromosome 1H, may be of great importance when aiming to manipulate endosperm hardness and malting quality. Interestingly, this region, close to the centromere on chromosome 1H, in our study, aligns with the region of the genome that includes the HvCslF9 and the HvGlb1 genes. Potentially, one or both of these genes could be considered to be candidate genes that influence endosperm hardness in the barley grain. Additional QTLs for endosperm hardness were detected on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 6H and 7H, confirming that the hardness trait in barley is complex and multigenic, similar to many malting quality traits of interest.
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Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling barley flour pasting properties. Genetica 2010; 138:1191-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-010-9511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Wang JM, Yang JM, Zhu JH, Jia QJ, Tao YZ. Assessment of genetic diversity by simple sequence repeat markers among forty elite varieties in the germplasm for malting barley breeding. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11:792-800. [PMID: 20872987 PMCID: PMC2950242 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity and relationship among 40 elite barley varieties were analyzed based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping data. The amplified fragments from SSR primers were highly polymorphic in the barley accessions investigated. A total of 85 alleles were detected at 35 SSR loci, and allelic variations existed at 29 SSR loci. The allele number per locus ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 2.4 alleles per locus detected from the 40 barley accessions. A cluster analysis based on the genetic similarity coefficients was conducted and the 40 varieties were classified into two groups. Seven malting barley varieties from China fell into the same subgroup. It was found that the genetic diversity within the Chinese malting barley varieties was narrower than that in other barley germplasm sources, suggesting the importance and feasibility of introducing elite genotypes from different origins for malting barley breeding in China.
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Wei K, Xue DW, Huang YZ, Jin XL, Wu FB, Zhang GP. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with beta-amylase and limit dextrinase activities and beta-glucan and protein fraction contents in barley. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 10:839-46. [PMID: 19882759 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0920135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High malting quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) relies on many traits, such as beta-amylase and limit dextrinase activities and beta-glucan and protein fraction contents. In this study, interval mapping was utilized to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting these malting quality parameters using a doubled haploid (DH) population from a cross of CM72 (six-rowed) by Gairdner (two-rowed) barley cultivars. A total of nine QTLs for eight traits were mapped to chromosomes 3H, 4H, 5H, and 7H. Five of the nine QTLs mapped to chromosome 3H, indicating a possible role of loci on chromosome 3H on malting quality. The phenotypic variation accounted by individual QTL ranged from 8.08% to 30.25%. The loci of QTLs for beta-glucan and limit dextrinase were identified on chromosomes 4H and 5H, respectively. QTL for hordeins was coincident with the region of silica eluate (SE) protein on 3HS, while QTLs for albumins, globulins, and total protein exhibited overlapping. One locus on chromosome 3H was found to be related to beta-amylase, and two loci on chromosomes 5H and 7H were found to be associated with glutelins. The identification of these novel QTLs controlling malting quality may be useful for marker-assisted selection in improving barley malting quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Emebiri LC. EST-SSR markers derived from an elite barley cultivar (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Morex'): polymorphism and genetic marker potential. Genome 2009; 52:665-76. [PMID: 19767897 DOI: 10.1139/g09-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats have become the markers of choice for marker-assisted selection because of their low template DNA requirement, high reproducibility, and high level of polymorphism. This study investigated a new set of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) EST-derived SSR markers designed to target gene sequences expressed during grain development, as they are more likely to be important in determining grain quality. The EST sequences (HVSMEh and HVSMEi) were derived from cDNA libraries of the elite six-rowed cultivar Morex, made from spikes harvested at 5 to 45 days after pollination. Approximately half of the 110 SSR markers derived from the ESTs were polymorphic in a panel of 8 diverse barley genotypes, with PIC values between 0.19 and 0.79. Twenty of the new markers were mapped to chromosomal locations using 2 doubled haploid populations. To demonstrate marker potential, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were carried out with phenotypic data on wort beta-glucan content and beta-glucanase activity, two traits with a long history of genetic studies. Most of the EST-SSR markers mapped to within 10 cM of the cellulose synthase (HvCesA) and cellulose synthase-like (HvCslF) genes, which provides highly informative functional markers for tracking these genes in breeding programs. It was also observed that on any given chromosome, the QTL for beta-glucan content and beta-glucanase activity were rarely coincident but tended to occur in adjacent intervals along chromosomal regions, which agreed with their independent genetic basis; the adjacent localization may be important for coordination of cell wall degradation during germination and malting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livinus C Emebiri
- Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Grains Innovation Park, Private Bag 260, Horsham, VIC 3401, Australia
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Schmalenbach I, Pillen K. Detection and verification of malting quality QTLs using wild barley introgression lines. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 118:1411-27. [PMID: 19255740 PMCID: PMC2845881 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-0991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A malting quality quantitative trait locus (QTL) study was conducted using a set of 39 wild barley introgression lines (hereafter abbreviated with S42ILs). Each S42IL harbors a single marker-defined chromosomal segment from the wild barley accession 'ISR 42-8' (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) within the genetic background of the elite spring barley cultivar 'Scarlett' (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare). The aim of the study was (1) to verify genetic effects previously identified in the advanced backcross population S42, (2) to detect new QTLs, and (3) to identify S42ILs exhibiting multiple QTL effects. For this, grain samples from field tests in three different environments were subjected to micro malting. Subsequently, a line x phenotype association study was performed with the S42ILs in order to localize putative QTL effects. A QTL was accepted if the trait value of a particular S42IL was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the recurrent parent as a control, either across all tested environments or in a particular environment. For eight malting quality traits, altogether 40 QTLs were localized, among which 35 QTLs (87.5%) were stable across all environments. Six QTLs (15.0%) revealed a trait improving wild barley effect. Out of 36 QTLs detected in a previous advanced backcross QTL study with the parent BC(2)DH population S42, 18 QTLs (50.0%) could be verified with the S42IL set. For the quality parameters alpha-amylase activity and Hartong 45 degrees C, all QTLs assessed in population S42 were verified by S42ILs. In addition, eight new QTL effects and 17 QTLs affecting two newly investigated traits were localized. Two QTL clusters harboring simultaneous effects on eight and six traits, respectively, were mapped to chromosomes 1H and 4H. In future, fine-mapping of these QTL regions will be conducted in order to shed further light on the genetic basis of the most interesting QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Schmalenbach
- Barley Genetics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Barley Genetics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- Present Address: Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ludwig-Wucherer-Str. 2, 06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
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