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Rodríguez-García B, Piñeiro MM, Pérez-Rodríguez M. Diffusion and dynamics of noble gases in hydroquinone clathrate channels. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044503. [PMID: 36725512 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we study the behavior of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, and Kr inside a hydroquinone clathrate (HQC) by using all-atom molecular dynamics. Larger elements of the same group were not considered due to their inability to fit inside the HQC cavities. By using the umbrella sampling technique, we have obtained the following inter-cage transition barriers-which are arguably the main factor determining the type of diffusion of the gases-at 310 K and 0.1 MPa: 1192; 2204; 6450; 10 730 kJ mol-1 for the guests He, Ne, Ar, and Kr, respectively. These energy barriers were found to have a linear relation with atomic radii (σ). We have tested this tendency with CH4, due to its intermediate size between Ar and Kr, obtaining a barrier of 8926 kJ mol-1, in excellent agreement with the results for noble gases.
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2
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Doll M, Berthault P, Léonce E, Boutin C, Jeanneau E, Brotin T, De Rycke N. Study of syn and anti Xenon-Cryptophanes Complexes Decorated with Aromatic Amine Groups: Chemical Platforms for Accessing New Cryptophanes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2912-2920. [PMID: 35080182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of C3-symmetric cryptophanes decorated with three aromatic amine groups on the same CTB cap and their interaction with xenon. The relative stereochemistry of these two stereoisomers syn and anti was assessed thanks to the determination of the X-ray structure of an intermediate compound. As previously observed with the tris-aza-cryptophanes analogs anti-1 and syn-2 (J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 11, 7648-7658), both compounds anti-5 and syn-6 show a slow in-out exchange dynamics of xenon at 11.7 T. Our work supports the idea that the presence of nitrogen atoms grafted directly onto the cryptophane backbone has a strong impact on the in-out exchange dynamics of xenon whatever their stereochemistry. This result contrasts with the case of other cryptophanes decorated solely with methoxy substituents. Finally, we demonstrate that these new derivatives can be used to design new anti/syn cryptophanes bearing suitable ligands in order to constitute potent 129Xe NMR-based sensors. An example is reported here with the synthesis of the tris-iodo derivatives anti-13 and syn-14 from compounds anti-5 and syn-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Doll
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université de Lyon 1, 5 rue la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas De Rycke
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, F69342 Lyon, France
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3
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Bayat P, Gatineau D, Lesage D, Robert V, Martinez A, Cole RB. Investigation of Hemicryptophane Host-Guest Binding Energies Using High-Pressure Collision-Induced Dissociation in Combination with RRKM Modeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:509-518. [PMID: 30478817 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In advancing host-guest (H-G) chemistry, considerable effort has been spent to synthesize host molecules with specific and well-defined molecular recognition characteristics including selectivity and adjustable affinity. An important step in the process is the characterization of binding strengths of the H-G complexes that is typically performed in solution using NMR or fluorescence. Here, we present a mass spectrometry-based multimodal approach to obtain critical energies of dissociation for two hemicryptophane cages with three biologically relevant guest molecules. A combination of blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD) and high-pressure collision-induced dissociation (high-pressure CID), along with RRKM modeling, was employed for this purpose. For the two tested hemicryptophane hosts, the cage containing naphthyl linkages exhibited stronger interactions than the cage bearing phenyl linkages. For both cages, the order of guest stability is choline > acetylcholine > betaine. The information obtained by these types of mass spectrometric studies can provide new insight into the structural features that most influence the stability of H-G pairs, thereby providing guidance for future syntheses. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bayat
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Cedex 05, Paris, France
| | - David Gatineau
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Cedex 05, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 5250, DCM, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Lesage
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Cedex 05, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- UMR CNRS 7313-iSm2, Equipe Chirosciences, Aix Marseille Université, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Richard B Cole
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Cedex 05, Paris, France.
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4
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Madhu S, Gonnade RG, Das T, Vanka K, Sanjayan GJ. Twelve-Armed Hexaphenylbenzene-Based Giant Supramolecular Framework for Entrapping Guest Molecules. Chempluschem 2018; 83:1032-1037. [PMID: 31950723 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Host-guest chemistry is a functional model in supramolecular chemistry for understanding specific process occurring in biological systems. Herein, we describe a rationally designed giant multiarmed hexaphenylbenzene (HPB)-based supramolecular frameworks which encapsulate a variety of guest molecules in the voids of their crystal lattice through the cooperative interplay of multivalency, noncovalent forces and backbone rigidity. In this connection, pseudo-axially substituted twelve-armed hexaphenylbenzene was synthesized and its molecular entrapping nature was studied by varying number of H-bond donor-acceptor sites in the arms. The per-methyl esterified HPB acted as a cavitand to include nonpolar and polar aprotic guests in its crystal structure via C-H⋅⋅⋅π, C-H⋅⋅⋅O and C-H⋅⋅⋅N interactions. The corresponding amidated HPB showed unprecedented inclusion of ammonia and segregation of the guest molecules according to their polarity in the lattice. Furthermore, this molecular entrapping system has been used to obtain the crystal structure of a hitherto unproven 2-azaallenium intermediate, which had been proposed to be involved in aminomethylation of activated arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Madhu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Center for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Gangadhar J Sanjayan
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
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5
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Hou J, Zhou W, Bai D, Li S, Han M. Interfacial effect of cyclodextrin inclusion complex on gas adsorption kinetics of dry water emulsion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Kane CM, Banisafar A, Dougherty TP, Barbour LJ, Holman KT. Enclathration and Confinement of Small Gases by the Intrinsically 0D Porous Molecular Solid, Me,H,SiMe2. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4377-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Kane
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Arash Banisafar
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Timothy P. Dougherty
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - K. Travis Holman
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Rudkevich DM, Zyryanov GV. Solid-State Materials and Molecular Cavities and Containers for the Supramolecular Recognition and Storage of NOX-Species: A Review. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2014.994610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Ho TM, Howes T, Bhandari BR. Encapsulation of gases in powder solid matrices and their applications: A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Wang T, Zhang YF, Hou QQ, Xu WR, Cao XP, Chow HF, Kuck D. C3-symmetrical tribenzotriquinacene derivatives: optical resolution through cryptophane synthesis and supramolecular self-assembly into nanotubes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1062-9. [PMID: 23273335 DOI: 10.1021/jo302470v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on a regioselective tris-formylation of a tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) hydrocarbon, the racemic C(3)-symmetrical TBTQ-trialdehyde and the corresponding TBTQ-trimethanol were synthesized along with their C(1)-isomers. Conversion of the C(3)-trialdehyde to three diastereomeric TBTQ-based cryptophanes occurring in high yield enabled the preparation of the optically pure C(3)-symmetrical TBTQ-trialdehydes and the determination of their absolute configuration. The racemic C(3)-symmetrical TBTQ-trimethanol was found to form several stable nanotubular aggregates in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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10
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Ho BT, Joyce DC, Bhandari BR. Encapsulation of ethylene gas into α-cyclodextrin and characterisation of the inclusion complexes. Food Chem 2011; 127:572-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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12
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Riddell IA, Smulders MMJ, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Encapsulation, storage and controlled release of sulfur hexafluoride from a metal-organic capsule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 47:457-9. [PMID: 20871932 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-organic cage is shown to bind SF(6)--the most potent greenhouse gas known--and to release it under well-defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen A Riddell
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EW
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13
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Investigation of the possibility of low pressure encapsulation of carbon dioxide in potassium chabazite (KCHA) and sodium chabazite (NaCHA) zeolites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Barba V, Hernández R, Höpfl H, Santillan R, Farfán N. 3-Aminophenylboronic acid as building block for the construction of calix- and cage-shaped boron complexes. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
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16
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Ananchenko G, Moudrakovski I, Coleman A, Ripmeester J. A Channel-Free Soft-Walled Capsular Calixarene Solid for Gas Adsorption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Ananchenko G, Moudrakovski I, Coleman A, Ripmeester J. A Channel-Free Soft-Walled Capsular Calixarene Solid for Gas Adsorption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5616-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Coleman AW, Jebors S, Shahgaldian P, Ananchenko GS, Ripmeester JA. para-Acylcalix[n]arenes: from molecular to macroscopic assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2291-303. [DOI: 10.1039/b717495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Busi S, Saxell H, Fröhlich R, Rissanen K. The role of cation⋯π interactions in capsule formation: co-crystals of resorcinarenes and alkyl ammonium salts. CrystEngComm 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b809503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Grechin A, Buschmann HJ, Schollmeyer E. Supramolecular Solid–Gas Complexes: A Thermodynamic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Grechin AG, Buschmann HJ, Schollmeyer E. Supramolecular Solid–Gas Complexes: A Thermodynamic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6499-501. [PMID: 17654470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Grechin
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West e.V. Universität Duisburg-Essen, Adlerstrasse 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M. Rudkevich
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019‐0065, USA, Fax: +1‐817‐272‐3808
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24
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Organo VG, Sgarlata V, Firouzbakht F, Rudkevich DM. Long Synthetic Nanotubes from Calix[4]arenes. Chemistry 2007; 13:4014-23. [PMID: 17295380 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and encapsulation properties of long (up to 5 nm) molecular nanotubes 1-4, which are based on calix[4]arenes and can be filled with multiple nitrosonium (NO(+)) ions upon reaction with NO(2)/N(2)O(4) gases. These are among the largest nanoscale molecular containers prepared to date and can entrap up to five guests. The structure and properties of tubular complexes 1(NO(+))(2)-4(NO(+))(5) were studied by UV/Vis, FTIR, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy in solution, and also by molecular modeling. Entrapment of NO(+) in 1(NO(+))(2)-4(NO(+))(5) is reversible, and addition of [18]crown-6 quickly recovers starting tubes 1-4. The FTIR and titration data revealed enhanced binding of NO(+) in longer tubes, which may be due to cooperativity. The described nanotubes may serve as materials for storing and converting NO(x) and also offer a promise to further develop supramolecular chemistry of molecular containers. These findings also open wider perspectives towards applications of synthetic nanotubes as alternatives to carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voltaire G Organo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
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25
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Encapsulation data for hydrophobic hydrocarbon gases within a water-soluble hemicarcerand in aqueous solution are reported. It is concluded that hydrophobic interactions serve as the primary driving force for the encapsulation, which can be used for the design of gas-separating polymers with intrinsic inner cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Leontiev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
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26
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Ziganshin MA, Yakimov AV, Safina GD, Solovieva SE, Antipin IS, Gorbatchuk VV. Nonregular structure–property relationships for inclusion parameters of tert-butylcalix[5]arene. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1472-8. [PMID: 17464419 DOI: 10.1039/b701082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of macrocycle size on the structure-property relationships was studied for inclusion compounds of tert-butylcalix[n]arenes (n=4,5) with volatile organic guests having various molecular size and group composition. Vapor-sorption isotherms, guest-inclusion stoichiometry and Gibbs energy, thermostability parameters and decomposition enthalpies were determined for host-guest compounds (clathrates) obtained using saturation of solid calixarene powder with guest vapor. The increase of the host macrocycle in the studied calixarene pair changes the observed structure-property relationship from the guest-binding selectivity mostly seen in inclusion Gibbs energy to the high sensitivity for guest structure in inclusion stoichiometry. The host with the larger macrocycle has more clathrates with stepwise formation and decomposition. Specific types of guest binding with solid hosts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat A Ziganshin
- Institute of Chemistry, Kazan State University, Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia
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27
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Pojarova M, Ananchenko GS, Udachin KA, Perret F, Coleman AW, Ripmeester JA. α-CO provides access to the cavity in acyl calix[4]arenes: A comparative study of crystal structures. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b700308k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M. Rudkevich
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA
| | - Yanlong Kang
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA
| | - Alexander V. Leontiev
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA
| | - Voltaire G. Organo
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA
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29
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Neoh TL, Yoshii H, Furuta T. Encapsulation and Release Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide in α-Cyclodextrin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Chaffee KE, Marjanska M, Goodson BM. NMR studies of chloroform@cryptophane-A and chloroform@bis-cryptophane inclusion complexes oriented in thermotropic liquid crystals. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2006; 29:104-12. [PMID: 16213691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oriented inclusion complexes of chloroform@cryptophane-A and chloroform@bis-cryptophane were prepared using a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal (ZLI 1132), and the alignment and magnetic resonance properties of these host-guest systems were studied via (13)C NMR of the labeled guests. Large (1)H-(13)C dipolar splittings for (13)CHCl(3) guests indicated significantly enhanced (approximately 2-fold) ordering for the trapped vs. free ligands under all conditions studied, with similar ordering observed for the two complexes-despite significant differences in size and motional freedom between the hosts. For each environment, variable-temperature studies permitted the sign and magnitude of the order parameter for chloroform's C-H bond to be independently determined from the (13)C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) shifts (via the gradient method) and the restored (1)H-(13)C dipolar couplings. In both systems, the results are consistent with overall alignment of the complexes such that the cage principal axis lies roughly perpendicular to the LC director.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Chaffee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 113 Neckers Hall, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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31
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Kang Y, Zyryanov GV, Rudkevich DM. Towards Supramolecular Fixation of NOX Gases: Encapsulated Reagents for Nitrosation. Chemistry 2005; 11:1924-32. [PMID: 15674979 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of simple calix[4]arenes for chemical conversion of NO2/N2O4 gases is demonstrated in solution and in the solid state. Upon reacting with these gases, calixarenes 1 encapsulate nitrosonium (NO+) cations within their cavities with the formation of stable calixarene-NO+ complexes 2. These complexes act as encapsulated nitrosating reagents; cavity effects control their reactivity and selectivity. Complexes 2 were effectively used for nitrosation of secondary amides 5, including chiral derivatives. Unique size-shape selectivity was observed, allowing for exclusive nitrosation of less crowded N-Me amides 5 a-e (up to 95 % yields). Bulkier N-Alk (Alk>Me) substrates 5 did not react due to the hindered approach to the encapsulated NO+ reagents. Robust, silica gel based calixarene material 3 was prepared, which reversibly traps NO2/N2O4 with the formation of NO+-storing silica gel 4. With material 4, similar size-shape selectivity was observed for nitrosation. The N-Me-N-nitroso derivatives 6 d,e were obtained with approximately 30 % yields, while bulkier amides were nitrosated with much lower yields (<8 %). Enantiomerically pure encapsulating reagent 2 d was tested for nitrosation of racemic amide 5 t, showing modest but reproducible stereoselectivity and approximately 15 % ee. Given high affinity to NO+ species, which can be generated by a number of NOX gases, these supramolecular reagents and materials may be useful for NOX entrapment and separation in the environment and biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Kang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
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32
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Abstract
Concepts and techniques of supramolecular chemistry are applied to the century-old chemistry between CO2 and amines to design novel sensing systems and nanoscale, self-assembling polymeric materials and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Rudkevich
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA.
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Soldatov D, Ripmeester J. Organic zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(05)80187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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